RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is difficult to diagnose, and surgical indications remain controversial. We reviewed 10 y of isolated PAPVC cases. METHODS: The data of patients with isolated PAPVC admitted to the Anzhen Congenital Heart Disease Department from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty patients, aged between 4 mo and 32 y, were included in this study. Significant correlations were found between the right ventricle (RV), end-diastolic dimension Z-score (RVED-z) and age (r = 0.398, P = 0.03), and between estimated pulmonary pressure and age (r = 0.423, P = 0.02). However, no significant correlations were found between the RVED-z and the number of anomalous pulmonary veins (r = 0.347, P = 0.061), between estimated pulmonary pressure and the RVED-z (r = 0.218, P = 0.248), and between estimated pulmonary pressure and the number of anomalous veins (r = 0.225, P = 0.232). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) confirmed 90% of isolated PAPVC cases. Surgical repair was performed in 29 patients with RV enlargement, persistent low weight, pulmonary hypertension, or respiratory symptoms. Among the surgical patients, nine had elevated pulmonary pressure before surgery, which decreased postoperatively; no mortality or reintervention was observed. The mean duration of echocardiographic follow-up was 1.9 y. CONCLUSIONS: TTE is recommended for routine assessments, and further clarification can be obtained with computed tomography when TTE proves inconclusive for diagnosis. Transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomography are further recommended for adult patients if TTE fails to provide clear results. PAPVC should be considered as an underlying cause when unexplained RV enlargement is observed. Surgery is recommended for patients with RV enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, or respiratory symptoms.
Assuntos
Veias Pulmonares , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adulto Jovem , Lactente , Síndrome de Cimitarra/cirurgia , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , EcocardiografiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine time to occlusion and procedure costs of embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) using a polytetrafluoroethylene-covered microplug compared with embolization using detachable coils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, 37 patients (mean age, 39.1 years [SD ± 17.6]) with 82 PAVMs underwent embolization with microplug or detachable coils between April 2019 and January 2023. Technical success, procedure time intervals, and costs were analyzed. RESULTS: In 37 patients, 82 PAVMs and 101 feeding arteries were successfully treated (microplug, 64; microplug + another device, 5; detachable coils alone, 32). Time from embolic device inserted into the catheter to device deployed and time to occlusion differed significantly between microplug and detachable coil cohorts (P < .0001 for both). Embolization with ≥1 microplug had a significantly shorter occlusion time than embolization with detachable coils (median, 10.0 minutes saved per feeding artery) (P < .0001). Compared with detachable coil embolization, microplug embolization saved a median of 9.0 minutes per feeding artery (P < .0001) and reduced room cost by a median of $429 per feeding artery (P < .0001). Device costs per feeding artery did not differ significantly between microplug ($2,790) and detachable coil embolization ($3,147) (P = .87). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with coils, microplugs had an equally high technical success rate but significant time to occlusion and room costs savings per feeding artery. Total room cost and device cost together did not differ significantly between microplugs and coils. Microplugs may be considered technically effective and at least cost-neutral for PAVM embolization where clinically appropriate.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa , Malformações Arteriovenosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Prospectivos , Politetrafluoretileno , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and recurrence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM) after embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With institutional review board (IRB) approval, the records of 377 patients with PAVMs evaluated at a single hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) center of excellence between January 1, 2013, and September 10, 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. PAVMs embolized during this time period were evaluated for recurrence. Patients and PAVMs not treated during this time period were excluded. Growth of previously untreated PAVMs was not considered recurrence. Patients without chest computed tomography (CT) follow-up were excluded. General demographics, HHT status as defined by genetic testing or Curacao criteria, presence of PH, history of smoking, anemia, and hepatic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were documented. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated and stratified analysis was performed to assay the correlation between PAVM recurrence, PH, and possible confounders. RESULTS: A total of 151 patients with PAVMs were treated during the study period, including 438 PAVMs, for which follow-up was available. This included 106 patients with definite, 31 with doubtful, and 14 with possible HHT. The presence of PH was significantly associated with PAVM recurrence both by patient (OR, 8.13; 95% CI, 3.50-19.67) and by lesion (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 2.14-7.91). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that this correlation was independent of several variables including HHT status, smoking history, presence of hepatic AVMs, and anemia. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high correlation between PH and PAVM recurrence, suspected to be due to high pulmonary artery pressures causing recanalization. PH may suggest the need for shorter surveillance intervals.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Artéria Pulmonar , Veias Pulmonares , Recidiva , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Arteriovenosas/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Idoso , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/diagnóstico por imagem , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/terapia , Adulto Jovem , Pressão ArterialRESUMO
ABSTRACT: We obtained breath-hold zero TE (ZTE) magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations before and after embolotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of ZTE for the entire lung imaging in single breath-hold scan time such as 20 seconds. Breath-hold ZTE magnetic resonance imaging can be a useful technique for magnetic resonance-based follow-up of vascular lung diseases without using contrast media, reducing the undesired artifacts from metallic devices.
Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa , Malformações Arteriovenosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Suspensão da Respiração , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Malformações Arteriovenosas/terapia , ArtefatosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Stenosis and obliteration of the pulmonary vein can be developed by multiple diseases and might cause hemoptysis. Traditional therapy including surgical procedure and conservative treatments might be inappropriate choices to manage massive hemoptysis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man, diagnosed with advanced stage IVA lung squamous cell carcinoma, presented with dyspnea and recurrent, massive hemoptysis. An initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a giant tumor in the left lung hilus and occlusion of the left superior pulmonary vein. Despite immediate selective bronchial artery embolization and simultaneous embolization of an anomalous branch of the internal thoracic artery, the massive hemoptysis continued. Subsequently, embolization of the left superior pulmonary artery was performed, achieving functional pulmonary lobectomy, which successfully treated the hemoptysis without relapse during a six-month follow-up. The patient continues to undergo cancer therapy and remains stable. CONCLUSIONS: This case successfully managed massive hemoptysis associated with lung cancer invasion into the pulmonary vein through functional pulmonary lobectomy via embolization of the corresponding pulmonary artery.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Embolização Terapêutica , Hemoptise , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Artéria Pulmonar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Hemoptise/terapia , Hemoptise/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , PneumonectomiaRESUMO
The venous pole of the heart where the pulmonary veins will develop encompasses the sinus venosus and the atrium. In the fourth week of development, the sinus venosus consists of a left and a right part receiving blood from the common cardinal vein, the omphalomesenteric and umbilical veins. Asymmetrical expansion of the common atrium corresponds with a rightward shift of the connection of the sinus to the atrium. The right-sided part of the sinus venosus including its tributing cardinal veins enlarges to form the right superior and inferior vena cava that will incorporate into the right atrium. The left-sided part in human development largely obliterates and remodels to form the coronary sinus in adults. In approximately the same time window (4th-fifth weeks), a splanchnic vascular plexus surrounds the developing lung buds (putative lungs) with a twofold connection. Of note, during early developmental stages, the primary route of drainage from the pulmonary plexus is toward the systemic veins and not to the heart. After lumenization of the so-called mid-pharyngeal endothelial strand (MPES), the first anlage of the pulmonary vein, the common pulmonary vein can be observed in the dorsal mesocardium, and the primary route of drainage will gradually change toward a cardiac drainage. The splanchnic pulmonary venous connections with the systemic cardinal veins will gradually disappear during normal development. In case of absence or atresia of the MPES, the pulmonary-to-systemic connections will persist, clinically resulting in total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). This chapter describes the developmental processes and molecular pathways underlying anomalous pulmonary venous connections.
Assuntos
Veias Pulmonares , Animais , Humanos , Veias Pulmonares/embriologia , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Síndrome de Cimitarra/genética , Síndrome de Cimitarra/embriologia , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
The development of the inflow tract is undoubtedly one of the most complex remodeling events in the formation of the four-chambered heart. It involves the creation of two separate atrial chambers, the formation of an atrial/atrioventricular (AV) septal complex, the incorporation of the caval veins and coronary sinus into the right atrium, and the remodeling events that result in pulmonary venous return draining into the left atrium. In these processes, the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex, consisting of the major atrioventricular (AV) cushions, the mesenchymal cap on the primary atrial septum (pAS), and the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion (DMP), plays a crucial role.
Assuntos
Átrios do Coração , Animais , Humanos , Seio Coronário/embriologia , Seio Coronário/anormalidades , Coração/embriologia , Mesoderma/embriologia , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidadesRESUMO
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAVC) have been found after abnormal gene expressions involving several syndromes. Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is found in conjunction with heterotaxia syndrome as well as several other syndromes. It has been reported with an autosomal dominance with variable expression and incomplete penetrance. The occurrence is also related to environmental factors which may superimpose on a familial susceptibility for TAPVC. Many pathways are involved in the normal development of the pulmonary venous connections and as a consequence disturbance of many genetic and epigenetic pathways lead to partial or total pulmonary venous misconnections. In this chapter, an overview of current knowledge regarding human genetics of anomalous venous connections is provided.
Assuntos
Veias Pulmonares , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Humanos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/genética , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Síndrome de Heterotaxia/genética , Epigênese GenéticaRESUMO
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is rare (accounting for about 1% of all CHD) and can occur as a single lesion or in combination with other types of CHD (such as heterotaxy or HLHS). TAPVR is defined as an abnormal connection where all pulmonary veins do not drain into the left atrium but into the right atrium either directly or through a vein that is connected to the right atrium. TAPVR can be divided into four anatomic groups (Fig. 32.1): (1) supracardiac (about 55%), (2) cardiac (about 30%), (3) infracardiac (about 13%), and (4) mixed (very rare). In addition, it can be divided into two physiological types: nonobstructed and obstructed. Embryologically, all pulmonary veins usually connect to a pulmonary venous confluence that connects to the left atrium. If this connection does not occur, the pulmonary venous confluence connects to a systemic vein instead.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Veias Pulmonares , Doenças Vasculares , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/embriologia , Doenças Vasculares/patologiaRESUMO
We report an uncommon case report of total anomalous pulmonary venous returns into the right atrium at the base of the superior caval vein's ostium without a sinus venosus defect, in situs solitus, without vertical vein or a posterior pulmonary venous confluence.
Assuntos
Comunicação Interatrial , Veias Pulmonares , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Humanos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Cava Superior/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Comunicação Interatrial/diagnóstico , Comunicação Interatrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Átrios do Coração/anormalidadesRESUMO
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), commonly known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, is an autosomal dominant multisystemic vascular disease associated with approximately 70% of cases of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Prenatal cases of PAVMs typically present with pulmonary vein dilatation on ultrasonography. This study presents a prenatal diagnosis of PAVMs with enlarged right pulmonary vein, cardiomegaly, cystic-appearing areas in the right lung and subsequent confirmation of Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome using autopsy and whole exom sequencing.
Assuntos
Malformações Arteriovenosas , Artéria Pulmonar , Veias Pulmonares , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Humanos , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/diagnóstico por imagem , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Feminino , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Adulto , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Malformações Arteriovenosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Recém-Nascido , Fístula ArteriovenosaRESUMO
This case report presents a 13-year-old patient with a lung nodule identified on a chest radiograph in the emergency department during an evaluation of knee and side pain after a fall. The patient had nosebleeds, family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and after chest computed tomography with angiography, the nodule was defined as a single pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Neither parent nor patient had been evaluated for HHT, an autosomal dominant disease, despite the family history. This patient satisfied the clinical criteria for the diagnosis and had a confirmatory genetic test, which led to diagnosis in mother also. The patient's PAVMs were treated, decreasing the risk of life threatening complications. Diagnosing HHT in children is often delayed or missed, even in families with HHT, as in this case report. Without any physical signs or clinical symptoms, families and healthcare providers often dismiss the possibility of the diagnosis. Children with HHT are at the same risk for complications of stroke, anemia, hypoxemia, heart failure and increased morbidity as adults. It is essential to recognize the importance of family history when evaluating children in primary care and urgent settings, as this patient's diagnosis was delayed 13 years. Awareness of HHT signs and symptoms are essential to early referral to an HHT specialist, for diagnosis and management.
Assuntos
Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária , Humanos , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/diagnóstico , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are vascular anomalies resulting in abnormal connections between pulmonary arteries and veins. In 80% of cases, PAVMs are present from birth, but clinical manifestations are rarely seen in childhood. These congenital malformations are typically associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT), a rare disease that affects 1 in 5000/8000 individuals. HHT disease is frequently caused by mutations in genes involved in the TGF-ß pathway. However, approximately 15% of patients do not have a genetic diagnosis and, among the genetically diagnosed, more than 33% do not meet the Curaçao criteria. This makes clinical diagnosis even more challenging in the pediatric age group. Here, we introduce an 8-year-old patient bearing a severe phenotype of multiple diffuse PAVMs caused by an unknown mutation which ended in lung transplantation. Phenotypically, the case under study follows a molecular pattern which is HHT-like. Therefore, molecular- biological and cellular-functional analyses have been performed in primary endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the explanted lung. The findings revealed a loss of functionality in lung endothelial tissue and a stimulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Understanding the molecular basis of this transition could potentially offer new therapeutic strategies to delay lung transplantation in severe cases.
Assuntos
Células Endoteliais , Artéria Pulmonar , Veias Pulmonares , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária , Humanos , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/genética , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/patologia , Criança , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/patologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Masculino , Mutação , Malformações Arteriovenosas/genética , Malformações Arteriovenosas/patologia , Malformações Arteriovenosas/metabolismo , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Transplante de Pulmão , Fístula Arteriovenosa/patologia , Fístula Arteriovenosa/genética , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , FemininoRESUMO
Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a congenital heart defect in which one or more pulmonary veins drain abnormally into the systemic venous circulation, leading to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It can be supracardiac type, draining into the superior vena cava or right atrium (also called cardiac type) and infracardiac type with drainage into the inferior vena cava (IVC). We present two cases-supracardiac and infracardiac types of PAPVC in this case report.
Assuntos
Veias Pulmonares , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Humanos , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Cimitarra/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Displaced posterior segmental bronchus (B2) accompanied by anomalous pulmonary vessels is a very rare condition. There is a risk of unexpected injuries to bronchi and blood vessels when patients with such anomalies undergo surgery for lung cancer, especially thoracoscopic surgery. METHODS: We reported a case of thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy in a patient with a displaced B2 and pulmonary vascular variation. RESULTS: A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a 2.2 cm × 2.1 cm nodule in the right lung. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) revealed the combined apical/anterior segmental branch (B1 + 3) taken off the beginning of the right main bronchus (RMB), at the level of the carina. The displaced B2 taken off the end of the RMB. The anomalous central vein (CV), which passed between B2 and B1 + 3, ran dorsal to the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and directly into the left atrium. The patient consequently underwent uniportal thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. The intraoperative findings were completely consistent with 3D-CT. CONCLUSIONS: This paper reports a case of a displaced B2 combined with right upper pulmonary vessels malformation. Under the guidance of 3D-CT, the right upper lobectomy was successfully completed by single hole thoracoscopic surgery.
Assuntos
Brônquios , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Pneumonectomia , Toracoscopia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Brônquios/anormalidades , Brônquios/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Toracoscopia/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Artéria Pulmonar/anormalidades , Artéria Pulmonar/cirurgia , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Central venous access is common practice in intensive care, anesthesia and emergency departments. It is, however, a delicate technical procedure, prone to complications. We present a case report on the placement of a left jugular central venous line in the emergency room, which was thought to be a routine procedure. However, the operator observed arterial blood during sampling, and the central line was described as poorly positioned on the control X-ray. After verification and other examinations, the existence of a vertical vein was discovered in this patient, connecting the left superior pulmonary vein to the brachiocephalic trunk. A poorly positioned central venous line can therefore lead to the discovery of asympomatic congenital vascular anomalies, unrelated to the clinical context. This case study illustrates the various tools available to ensure the correct position of a central venous line, and their clinical implications.
La mise en place d'une voie veineuse centrale est de pratique courante aux soins intensifs, en anesthésie et aux urgences. Il s'agit cependant d'un acte technique relativement invasif, délicat et potentiellement sujet à complications. Nous présentons un cas clinique relatant la mise en place d'une voie veineuse centrale jugulaire gauche en salle de déchocage, manÅuvre réputée banale. Cependant, l'opérateur objective visuellement du sang d'allure artérielle lors du prélèvement sanguin sur le cathéter. En outre, l'imagerie par radiographie thoracique décrit une malposition de ce dispositif. Après vérifications et examens complémentaires, nous découvrons finalement l'existence d'une veine verticale chez ce patient, reliant la veine pulmonaire supérieure gauche au tronc brachio-céphalique. Une voie veineuse centrale, apparemment mal positionnée, peut, dès lors, conduire à la découverte d'anomalies vasculaires congénitales asymptomatiques, sans lien nécessaire avec le contexte clinique sous-jacent. Ce cas clinique nous permet d'aborder les différents outils à notre disposition actuelle afin de déterminer le positionnement adéquat d'une voie veineuse centrale et les implications cliniques qui en découlent.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Humanos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Síndrome de Cimitarra , Veias Jugulares/anormalidades , Erros Médicos , FemininoRESUMO
A 73-year-old woman presented with left anterior chest pain and back pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed an anterior mediastinal tumor. It also showed partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (left superior pulmonary vein draining into the left brachiocephalic vein), and the tumor was located near the left brachiocephalic vein. The operation was performed through a median sternotomy to resect the thymus and tumor with partial resection of the left upper lobe due to the tumor's adhesion to the left upper lobe. One of the vascular anomalies encountered in adult thoracic surgery is partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. It is important to recognize the presence of such an anomaly on imaging and to anticipate the surgical procedure with a preoperative surgical technique.
Assuntos
Veias Pulmonares , Timoma , Neoplasias do Timo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Veias Pulmonares/anormalidades , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Timoma/cirurgia , Timoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Timoma/complicações , Neoplasias do Timo/cirurgia , Neoplasias do Timo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Timo/complicaçõesRESUMO
The patient is a 77-year-old man. He was referred to our hospital after a chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 6.5 cm-sized mass in the right lung apex. Bronchoscopy revealed adenocarcinoma, clinical stageâ ¡B, and the patient was referred for surgery. Preoperative 3D-CT revealed the presence of a displaced bronchus, probably B1a, branching from the right main bronchus centrally from the upper lobe bronchus, and an abnormal vessel (V2) running dorsal to the upper lobe bronchus and the right main bronchus, and returning directly to the left atrium. Surgery was performed by resectioning the right upper lobe through a posterolateral incision, combined resection of the wall pleura, and lymph node dissection (ND2a-2). Because lung cancer surgery is sometimes accompanied by abnormal bronchial and pulmonary vascular branches, it is essential to thoroughly examine the patient before surgery for checking abnormal branches by bronchoscopy and 3D-CT.