An acute gastric volvulus in a child with congenital left diaphragmatic hernia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acute complete gastric volvulus is a rare and life-threatening disease, which is prone to gastric wall ischemia, perforation, and necrosis. If it is not treated by surgery in time, the mortality rate can range from 30 to 50%. Clinical presentations of acute gastric volvulus are atypical and often mimic other abdominal conditions such as gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux, gastric dilation, and pancreatitis. Imaging studies are crucial for diagnosis, with barium meal fluoroscopy being the primary modality for diagnosing gastric volvulus. Cases of acute gastric volvulus diagnosed by ultrasound are rarely reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a rare case of acute gastric volvulus in a 4-year-old Chinese girl who presented with vomiting and abdominal pain. Ultrasound examination revealed the "whirlpool sign" in the cardia region, raising suspicion of gastric volvulus. Diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray barium meal fluoroscopy, which indicated left-sided diaphragmatic hernia and obstruction at the cardia region. Surgical intervention confirmed our suspicion of acute complete gastric volvulus combined with diaphragmatic hernia. CONCLUSION: In this case, we reported an instance of acute complete gastric volvulus. Ultrasound revealed a "whirlpool sign" in the cardia, which is likely to be a key sign for the diagnosis of complete gastric volvulus.

Post-surgical photobiomodulation therapy improves outcomes following elective gastropexy in dogs.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of post-surgical photobiomodulation therapy in dogs. METHODS: Twenty dogs were selected for elective gastropexy and randomly divided into a control (CG, n = 10) and a PBMT group (PBMTG, n = 10). Pre­medication consisted of medetomidine and butorphanol. Meloxicam was administered before the procedure. Induction was performed with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Local blocks with lidocaine were used. Incisional gastropexy was performed in all animals. PBMTG received PBMT immediately after surgery. The need for postoperative rescue analgesia, if the animal had eaten by the evaluation momen, and pain scores were collected using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale - Short Form (CMPS­SF) at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h post­endotracheal extubation. CMPS­SF scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney Test and proportions of animals that required rescue analgesia and had eaten with a χ2 test. P was set at < 0.05. RESULTS: No rescue analgesia was needed for any animal. Still, significant differences were observed in CMPS-SF scores between CG and PBMTG between 1 and 4 h post-extubation. PBMTG had a significantly higher proportion of animals eating up to the 8 h post-extubation evaluation moment. CONCLUSION: Adding post-surgical photobiomodulation to a standard anesthesia and analgesia protocol reduced CMPS-SF scores and increased the proportion of animals that resumed eating compared to the standard protocol alone.

Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) for assessment of gastric viability and describe NIRF's influence on the surgeon's operative strategy in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: Twenty dogs with GDV and 20 systemically healthy dogs. METHODS: Following gastric derotation, the surgeon's subjective assessment of gastric viability was recorded prior to near-infrared imaging. Changes in the surgeon's initial assessment of viability based on the visual pattern of gastric fluorescence was recorded. If nonviable (lack of defined vessels), a partial gastrectomy was performed and submitted for histopathology. The stapled gastrectomy line was imaged. Viable (defined vessels) and nonviable fluorescence intensities were compared with healthy dogs undergoing surgery for nongastrointestinal disease. RESULTS: Subjective assessment diagnosed 17 viable and three nonviable GDVs (2 fundi; 1 cardia). Near-infrared imaging demonstrated nonviable gastric fluorescence in 4 dogs (3 fundi/cardia; 1 fundus). The surgeon's margins for resection were altered in 3/20 dogs. Fluorescence intensity (cardia, fundus, body, pylorus) was lower in GDV viable (30.59%, p = .04; 38.17%, p < .01; 51.18%, p < .01; 44.12%, p= .01) and nonviable (11.00%, p < .01; 4.33%, p < .01; 57.67%, p = .22; 54.33%, p = .72) dogs compared to healthy controls (44.7%, 70.05%, 84.00%, 63.95%). Fundic fluorescence was less in nonviable gastric tissue in comparison with viable gastric tissue (p = .03). Fluorescence of the gastrectomy staple line approximated that of viable tissue. CONCLUSION: Near-infrared fluorescence can identify histologically confirmed nonviable gastric tissue. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: These results provide enough evidence to support the implementation of NIRF as an adjunct to gross examination of the gastric wall in dogs with GDV.

BRAZILIAN HERNIA AND ABDOMINAL WALL SOCIETY STATEMENT ON LARGE HIATAL HERNIAS MANAGEMENT.

Large hiatal hernias, besides being more prevalent in the elderly, have a different clinical presentation: less reflux, more mechanical symptoms, and a greater possibility of acute, life-threatening complications such as gastric volvulus, ischemia, and visceral mediastinal perforation. Thus, surgical indications are distinct from gastroesophageal reflux disease-related sliding hiatal hernias. Heartburn tends to be less intense, while symptoms of chest pain, cough, discomfort, and tiredness are reported more frequently. Complaints of vomiting and dysphagia may suggest the presence of associated gastric volvulus. Signs of iron deficiency and anemia are found. Surgical indication is still controversial and was previously based on high mortality reported in emergency surgeries for gastric volvulus. Postoperative mortality is especially related to three factors: body mass index above 35, age over 70 years, and the presence of comorbidities. Minimally invasive elective surgery should be offered to symptomatic individuals with good or reasonable performance status, regardless of age group. In asymptomatic and oligosymptomatic patients, besides obviously identifying the patient's desire, a case-by-case analysis of surgical risk factors such as age, obesity, and comorbidities should be taken into consideration. Attention should also be paid to situations with greater technical difficulty and risks of acute migration due to increased abdominal pressure (abdominoplasty, manual labor, spastic diseases). Technical alternatives such as partial fundoplication and anterior gastropexy can be considered. We emphasize the importance of performing surgical procedures in cases of large hiatal hernias in high-volume centers, with experienced surgeons.

Self-reducing intrathoracic organo-axial gastric volvulus with paraoesophageal hiatus hernia in a toddler.

A toddler presented with complaints of multiple episodes of vomiting lasting 1 week. He had a history of similar episodes of vomiting several times as an infant. Clinically, he was underweight and had tachypnoea and tachycardia. Laboratory investigations revealed hyponatraemic metabolic acidosis. His chest radiograph revealed an intrathoracic herniation of the stomach with an atypical presence towards the right hemithorax, suggestive of a torsion. A contrast-enhanced CT of the chest and abdomen confirmed an intrathoracic gastric herniation, with an organo-axial gastric volvulus, with no features of strangulation. He underwent an emergency laparotomy and intraoperatively the stomach was found to have reduced to its intra-abdominal position, and the hernia and volvulus had also self-reduced. In view of the multiple symptomatic episodes, an anterior gastropexy was performed to prevent recurrences. The patient recuperated well and has not had any recurrences in the follow-up period. This report adds to the minimalistic literature.

Acute idiopathic mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus managed laparoscopically.

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal obstruction that occurs when the stomach twists along its vertical (organoaxial) or horizontal (mesenteroaxial) axis. Its rarity combined with its non-specific presentation makes gastric volvulus a diagnostic challenge, especially when the volvulus occurs without underlying structural abnormality such as hiatal hernia. The organoaxial type comprises most cases of this rare diagnosis. Few cases of mesenteroaxial volvulus have been reported in children and even fewer in adults. Here, we present a rare case of acute, idiopathic mesenteroaxial volvulus in a patient in his 70s, that was successfully managed laparoscopically.

Acute gastric volvulus secondary to H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula.

H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula is an uncommon type of tracheo-oesophageal malformation. Acute gastric volvulus is another infrequent pathology in children. They rarely present together.We report the case of a toddler with acute gastric volvulus possibly secondary to an undiagnosed H-type tracheo-oesophageal fistula. The fistula was suspected due to persistent gastric distention observed during volvulus detorsion. This kind of tracheo-oesophageal fistula often presents with subtle symptoms making early diagnosis difficult.Acute gastric volvulus is a life-threatening condition. Gastric distension caused by the passage of air into the stomach through the fistula could be a triggering factor for gastric volvulus.

The Evaluation of Gastric Emptying Using the 13 C-Acetate Breath Test in Neurologically Impaired Patients - A Focus on the Stomach Function and Morphology.

PURPOSE: We explored factors affecting gastric emptying in neurologically impaired (NI) patients using the 13C-acetate breath test. METHODS: Twenty-four NI patients were classified by the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which was treated by fundoplication plus gastrostomy, or the absence of GERD, which was treated by gastrostomy alone, along with gastric malposition involving cascade stomach and organoaxial gastric volvulus (OGV). Gastric emptying parameters (GEPs), which were the emptying half time (T 1/2 , minute), the lag phase time (T lag , minute), and the gastric emptying coefficient (GEC), were measured before and after surgery. We evaluated the relationship between GEPs and GERD, gastric malposition, and surgical intervention. All data were expressed as the median (interquartile range). RESULTS: The T1/2 and GEC of patients with OGV were significantly worse than in those without OGV before surgery (T1/2 with OGV: 241.3 [154.9, 314.3] vs. T1/2 without OGV: 113.7 [105.2, 151.4], p = 0.01, GEC with OGV: 3.19 [2.46, 3.28] vs. GEC without OGV: 3.65 [3.24, 3.90], p = 0.02). GERD and cascade stomach were not associ ated with GEPs. The GEPs of all NI patients showed no significant difference between before and after surgery. The surgical change in T1/2 (ΔT 1/2 ) in the patients with OGV was significantly lower than in those without OGV (ΔT1/2 with OGV: -47.1 [-142.7, -22.1] vs. ΔT1/2 without OGV: -3.78 [-26.6, 12.0], p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Stomach malposition, such as OGV, seems to affect gastric emptying and may be improved by surgi cal intervention.

Abdomen agudo con hemoperitoneo, manifestación poco frecuente del vólvulo gástrico / Acute abdomen with hemoperitoneum: A rare manifestation of gastric volvulus

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Manejo endoscópico del vólvulo gástrico en una niña de 8 años / No disponible

Introducción: El vólvulo gástrico es una causa rara de abdomen agudo en la edad pediátrica, siendo generalmente un hallazgo. Se presenta el caso de una niña con vólvulo gástrico mesenteroaxial, que fue inicialmente tratado de forma endoscópica. Caso clínico: Paciente de 8 años, afecta de síndrome de Down, que acude por presentar un cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal cólico y súbito, asociado a vómitos, sialorrea y compromiso de estado general. La paciente ingresa en malas condiciones. Al examen físico, se constató una gran masa abdominal. Las exploraciones complementarias de imagen demuestran un vólvulo gástrico mesenteroaxial asociado a bazo errante. Se optó por efectuar desvolvulación gástrica endoscópica bajo anestesia general. Posteriormente a través de una laparotomía se realizó gastropexia y esplenopexia, evolucionando bien, siendo dada de alta al décimo día. Comentarios: La desvolvulación endoscópica se presenta como una alternativa efectiva en pacientes afectos de vólvulo gástrico, en especial en casos de gran compromiso sistémico, en los que una cirugía prolongada pudiera suponer mayor riesgo

Introduction: Gastric volvulus is a rare cause of acute abdomen in childhood, and it is usually a casual finding. We present the case of a girl with mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus, which was initially treated by endoscopic approach. Clinical case: 8 year-old patient, diagnosed of Down Syndrome, who presented sudden and diffuse colic pain, associated with vomiting, sialorrhea and progressive compromise. She entered in bad general condition. At the physical examination it was highlighted a large abdominal mass. In the imaging study, a mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus and wan dering spleen were confirmed. It was decided to perform an endoscopic gastric devolvulation under general anesthesia. Subsequently, gastropexy and splenopexy were performed by laparotomic approach. Evolution was uneventful, being discharged at the tenth postoperative day. Comments: Endoscopic gastric devolvulation is an effective procedure in patients with gastric volvulus, especially in cases of great compromise of the general state, in which a prolonged surgery could suppose a greater risk

Vólvulo gástrico por hernia diafragmática crónica / Gastric volvulus due to chronic diaphragmatic hernia

Objetivo: Presentar un caso de vólvulo gástrico obstructivo. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente que inició con un episodio de obstrucción intestinal por una volvulación gástrica. El antecedente de otro episodio antiguo y la radiología de tórax alertaron de una posible hernia diafragmática crónica. La buena respuesta al tratamiento médico inicial permitió un estudio completo y una cirugía programada mediante abordaje laparoscópico.

Aim: To present a patient with gastric volvulus. Case report: A case of a female patient who started with an episode of intestinal obstruction due to gastric volvulus. The history of a former episode and chest radiology alerted us to a possible chronic diaphragmatic hernia. The patient's good response to initial medical treatment allowed a complete study and laparoscopic intervention.

Papel de la gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea en el tratamiento del vólvulo gástrico agudo / No disponible

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Vólvulo gástrico como causa de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en un preescolar / Gastric volvulus as a cause of acute abdomen in a pre-school child

Introducción. El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad rara en la población pediátrica. Caso Clínico. Reportamos aquí un caso en un paciente de 5 años de edad. Comentarios. Por su rareza, requiere de un alto grado de sospecha por parte del clínico, lo que hace que generalmente se diagnostique muy tardíamente, lo que incrementa la mortalidad

Introduction. Gastric volvulus is rare in the pediatric population. Case. We report here a case of a patient of 5 years of age. Comments. For its rarity, it requires a high degree of suspicion by the clinician, making it generally diagnosed very late which increases mortality

Afectación digestiva en paciente con síndrome de Lambert-Eaton / No disponible

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El vólvulo gástrico en la edad pediátrica: ¿cuándo sospecharlo y cómo manejarlo? / Gastric volvulus in children: when to suspect and how to manage

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad que puede manifestarse con un amplio espectro clínico, lo que puede llevar a un retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es definir los tipos de vólvulo gástrico, analizando los factores predisponentes, la clínica, los hallazgos radiológicos y el tratamiento de cada uno de ellos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los vólvulos gástricos diagnosticados en un hospital terciario durante un periodo de 10 años (2006-2016). Se incluyeron 32 pacientes, que se clasificaron en tres grupos en función de la presentación clínica: 7 con la forma aguda, 12 con la forma crónica y 13 con la forma neonatal-lactante. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y de manejo de cada caso. RESULTADOS: El vólvulo gástrico órgano-axial fue el subtipo más frecuente al analizar la totalidad de los pacientes (81%), aunque en la presentación aguda el más prevalente fue el mesentérico-axial (86%). En la forma aguda, la clínica más frecuente fue los vómitos no biliosos (86%), siendo en la forma crónica la sintomatología más variada. El diagnóstico se realizó con tránsito gastroduodenal en la mayoría de los casos. Las opciones de tratamiento fueron cirugía o medidas conservadoras, en función del tipo de vólvulo gástrico. CONCLUSIONES: Existen distintas formas de presentación del vólvulo gástrico (aguda, crónica, neonatal-lactante), cada una con una sintomatología y manejo diferentes. Dada la clínica inespecífica, es importante conocer los factores predisponentes y los hallazgos que aumentan su sospecha en la radiografía. La prueba de elección para su diagnóstico es el tránsito gastroduodenal

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Gastric volvulus is an entity with a broad clinical spectrum, which can lead to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to define the types of gastric volvulus, analyzing the predisposing factors, clinical, radiological findings and treatment of each one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of the gastric volvulus diagnosed at a tertiary hospital was carried out during a period of 10 years (2006-2016). Thirty-two patients were included, which were classified into three groups according to the clinical presentation: 7 with the acute form, 12 with the chronic form and 13 with the neonatal form. Epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and management data were collected for each case. RESULTS: Organo-axial gastric volvulus was the most frequent subtype of all the sample (81%), although in the acute presentation, the most prevalent subtype was the mesentero-axial (86%). In the acute form, the most common symptom was non-bilious vomiting (86%), whereas in the chronic form the clinical presentation was more varied. The diagnosis was made with upper gastrointestinal series in most cases. Surgical or conservative treatment were chosen depending on the type of gastric volvulus. CONCLUSIONS: There are different forms of presentation of gastric volvulus (acute, chronic, neonatal), with different clinical features and implications with respect to treatment options. Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, it is important to know the predisposing factors and the common radiological findings highly suggestive of the diagnosis. An upper gastrointestinal series is the study of choice for its diagnosis

Distensión abdominal intermitente como forma de presentación de vólvulo gástrico crónico / Intermittent abdominal distention as a form of presentation of chronic gastric volvulus

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Tratamiento endoscópico no quirúrgico del vólvulo gástrico en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico extremo / Nonsurgical endoscopic treatment of gastric volvulus in extremely high-risk surgical patients

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Vólvulo gástrico: ¿por qué recordarlo?: revisión a propósito de un caso / Stomach volvulus: why should we remember it?: case review

Stomach volvulus is a medical entity which has different implications in terms of clinical presentation, diagnosis, imaging support, and pathological behavior and evaluation. Analysis of features of these implications is essential when deciding a course of action, which can vary from simple observation to aggressive and urgent resolutions in order to save the patient’s life. Gastric volvulus represents an unusual rotation of the organ on its own axis, thus entailing risk of ischemia and necrosis. There are two major types of gastric volvulus, i.e., organoaxial and mesenteroaxial. It can occur in any stage of life, preferably in adulthood, with clinical signs of acute abdomen in most of the cases. Due to the risk of ischemia, necrosis, and vital compromise, an urgent response involves surgical resolution which can lead to the removal of the organ, with a high risk of mortality in the intra- and post-operative periods. We report the case of a patient presenting with the aforementioned clinical processes.

El vólvulo gástrico es una entidad médica de diversas implicancias en cuanto a la presentación clínica, diagnóstico, apoyo imaginológico, conducta y evaluación patológica. Por tanto, es fundamental la revisión de las características de cada una de ellas, con el objeto de orientar una conducta que posee caracteres tan amplios como lo es la simple observación hasta una conducta agresiva y urgente que implique salvar la vida del paciente. El vólvulo gástrico consiste en una rotación del órgano sobre su propio eje, de baja ocurrencia, presentándose dos tipos: organoaxial y mesenteroaxial, en los cuales existe riesgo de isquemia y necrosis. Se manifiesta en cualquier etapa de la vida, de preferencia en etapa adulta y con clínica de abdomen agudo en gran parte de los casos. Debido al riesgo de isquemia, necrosis y compromiso vital, la conducta urgente implica resolución quirúrgica, que puede concluir en extirpación del órgano, con un alto riego de mortalidad en el intra y postoperatorio. Presentamos el caso de una paciente característica en cuanto a la presentación de los procesos clínicos antes mencionados.