Controlling tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of C26 murine colon adenocarcinoma by a new matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, KB-R7785, in two tumor models.

ABSTRACT

Experimental evidence has directly implicated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the remodeling of the stromal tissue surrounding tumors. Thus, MMP inhibitors could limit the expansion of both neoplastic cell compartment and endothelial cell compartment of a tumor. Much of the work on the role of MMP inhibitors has concentrated on their inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion. We have examined the effects of a new MMP inhibitor, KB-R7785 (acting on MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9), on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of murine colon adenocarcinoma (C-26) in two tumor models in BALB/c mice (transparent chamber model and lung colonization model). KB-R7785 has not shown inhibitory effects on in vitro growth of either C-26 or KOP2.16 murine endothelial cells. In vivo, KB-R7785 administrated twice daily for 15 days (100 mg/kg, i.p.), starting the day of tumor inoculation (5 x 10(5) C26 cells) in transparent chamber, has resulted in 88.2% suppression of tumor growth, compared with that in vehicle-administered mice (controls). Tumors grown in controls have doubled their area in 3.3 days, whereas those treated by KB-R7785 progressed almost four times slower (tumor area doubling time, 12 days). KB-R7785 rendered centrally avascular tumors with only a rim of peripheral neovasculature, which had significant lower functional vascular density and vascular area than the corresponding parameters in control tumors 10 days after inoculation [79.9+/-6.7 cm/cm2 versus 164.1+/-10.1 cm/cm2 (P < 0.01) and 19.8+/-1.5% versus 42.6+/-2.7% (P < 0.01), respectively]. In the lung colonization model (tail vein inoculation of 5 x 10(5) C-26 cells), administration of KB-R7785 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) twice daily for 20 days has reduced the number of surface metastasis by 85.8% and abolished the tumor burden, as compared with controls. The few metastatic colonies found in the lungs of KB-R7785 treated mice appeared to be dormant (i.e., staining with von Willebrand factor antibody revealed few, if any, positive cells within the metastatic foci from MMP inhibitor-treated lungs, whereas terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling showed a 4-fold increase in the rate of tumor cell apoptosis compared with controls. The fact that KB-R7785 interferes with early steps of angiogenesis and cancer spread suggests that MMP inhibitors may control both primary and secondary tumor growths by limiting the expansion of endothelial cells, as well as cancer cells, composing the tumors.