Retrovirus translation initiation: Issues and hypotheses derived from study of HIV-1.
Curr HIV Res
; 4(2): 131-9, 2006 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-16611053
ABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has a small, multifunctional genome that encodes a relatively large and complex proteome. The virus has adopted specialized post-transcriptional control mechanisms to maximize its coding capacity while economically maintaining the information stored in cis-acting replication sequences. The conserved features of the 5' untranslated region of all viral transcripts suggest they are poor substrates for cap-dependent ribosome scanning and provide a compelling rationale for internal initiation of translation. This article summarizes key experimental results of studies that have evaluated HIV-1 translation initiation. A model is discussed in which cap-dependent and cap-independent initiation mechanisms of HIV-1 co-exist to ensure viral protein production in the context of 1) structured replication motifs that inhibit ribosome scanning, and 2) alterations in host translation machinery in response to HIV-1 infection or other cellular stresses. We discuss key issues that remain to be understood and suggest parameters to validate internal initiation activity in HIV-1 and other retroviruses.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational
/
Protein Biosynthesis
/
RNA, Viral
/
HIV-1
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Curr HIV Res
Journal subject:
SINDROME DA IMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS)
Year:
2006
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States