Incident ESRD among participants in a lead surveillance program.
Am J Kidney Dis
; 64(1): 25-31, 2014 Jul.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-24423781
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Very high levels of lead can cause kidney failure; data about renal effects at lower levels are limited. STUDYDESIGN:
Cohort study, external (vs US population) and internal (by exposure level) comparisons. SETTINGS &PARTICIPANTS:
58,307 men in an occupational surveillance system in 11 US states. PREDICTOR Blood lead levels.OUTCOME:
Incident end-stage renal disease determined by matching the cohort with the US Renal Data System (n=302). MEASUREMENTS Blood lead categories were 0-<5, 5-<25, 25-<40, 40-51, and >51 µg/dL, defined by highest blood lead test result. One analysis for those with data for race (31% of cohort) and another for the whole cohort after imputing race.RESULTS:
Median follow-up was 12 years. Among those with race information, the end-stage renal disease standardized incidence ratio (SIR; US population as referent) was 1.08 (95% CI, 0.89-1.31) overall. The SIR in the highest blood lead category was 1.47 (95% CI, 0.98-2.11), increasing to 1.56 (95% CI, 1.02-2.29) for those followed up for 5 or more years. For the entire cohort (including those with race imputed), the overall SIR was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82-1.03), increasing to 1.36 (95% CI, 0.99-1.73) in the highest blood lead category (SIR of 1.43 [95% CI, 1.01-1.85] in those with ≥5 years' follow-up). In internal analyses by Cox regression, rate ratios for those with 5 or more years' follow-up in the entire cohort were 1.0 (0-<5 and 5-<25 µg/dL categories combined) and 0.92, 1.08, and 1.96 for the 25-<40, 40-51, and >51 µg/dL categories, respectively (P for trend=0.003). The effect of lead was strongest in nonwhites.LIMITATIONS:
Lack of detailed work history, reliance on only a few blood lead tests per person to estimate level of exposure, lack of clinical data at time of exposure.CONCLUSIONS:
Data suggest that current US occupational limits on blood lead levels may need to be strengthened to avoid kidney disease.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Epidemiological Monitoring
/
Kidney Failure, Chronic
/
Lead
Type of study:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Etiology_studies
/
Incidence_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prognostic_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
/
Screening_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Country/Region as subject:
America do norte
Language:
En
Journal:
Am J Kidney Dis
Year:
2014
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Gabon