Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia.
Public Health Nutr
; 18(14): 2511-22, 2015 Oct.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25591926
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
To assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.DESIGN:
Pre-post evaluation between two surveys.SETTING:
Twenty-four villages in West Java.SUBJECTS:
Poor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baseline n 324/endline n 349), their infants aged 6-11 months (n 318/n 335) and children aged 12-59 months (n 469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5-9 years (n 186) and women aged 15-29 years (n 171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.RESULTS:
Fortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12-23 months, 24-59 months, 5-9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2-19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6-11 months, children aged 5-9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12-23 months; P=0·057 in children aged 24-59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 µg/dl at baseline and 32·5 µg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 µg/dl) was 6·5-18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6-6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6-59 months (P=0·003) and 5-9 years (P=0·03).CONCLUSIONS:
Although this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Vitamin A
/
Vitamin A Deficiency
/
Vitamins
/
Food, Fortified
/
Nutritional Status
/
Cooking
/
Diet
Type of study:
Evaluation_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Child
/
Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Male
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
Public Health Nutr
Journal subject:
CIENCIAS DA NUTRICAO
/
SAUDE PUBLICA
Year:
2015
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Indonesia