Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections in HIV: therapy and emerging problems - a workshop report.
Oral Dis
; 22 Suppl 1: 158-65, 2016 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-27109283
ABSTRACT
Oral mycoses and other opportunistic infections are recognized features of HIV infection even after four decades of the epidemic. The therapeutic options, challenges of therapy, and evolving patterns of opportunistic infections were evaluated by the workshop. It was observed that high Candida counts and infection are still more prevalent in HIV-positive individuals even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, one or more non-Candida albicans are present in some HIV-positive individuals. While Candida species are more virulent in HIV infection, similar virulence may be present in other states of immunosuppression. Consequently, the interplay between host factors and virulence ultimately determines the clinical outcomes. Adverse clinical outcomes such as candidemia and other deep fungal infections are on the increase in HIV infection. Disseminated histoplasmosis and penicilliosis have been reported, especially with low CD4 counts. Even with advances in antifungal therapy, mortality and morbidity from deep fungal infections have not changed significantly. In addition, long-term exposure to common antifungal drugs such as fluconazole has led to the development of antifungal resistance in 6% to 36%. Development of new antifungal therapeutic agents and the use of alternative therapies may offer breakthrough. In addition, effective strategies to enhance the host immune status are being explored.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Candida
/
Candidiasis, Oral
/
Carrier State
/
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
/
Plant Preparations
/
Drug Resistance, Fungal
/
Invasive Fungal Infections
/
Phytotherapy
Type of study:
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Oral Dis
Journal subject:
ODONTOLOGIA
Year:
2016
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
India