The Janus Head of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Diseases and During Physical Exercise.
Curr Diab Rep
; 17(6): 41, 2017 06.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28439848
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxidative stress describes an imbalance between production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage macromolecules. However, ROS may also serve as signaling molecules activating cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and adaptation. This review describes alterations in metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or diabetes mellitus as well as responses to acute and chronic physical exercise. RECENT FINDINGS:
Chronic upregulation of oxidative stress associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While single bouts of exercise can transiently induce oxidative stress, chronic exercise promotes favorable oxidative adaptations with improvements in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake. Although impaired antioxidant defense fails to scavenge ROS in metabolic diseases, chronic exercising can restore this abnormality. The different metabolic effects are likely due to variability of reactive species and discrepancies in temporal (acute vs. chronic) and local (subcellular distribution) patterns of production.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Exercise
/
Oxidative Stress
/
Metabolic Diseases
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Curr Diab Rep
Journal subject:
ENDOCRINOLOGIA
Year:
2017
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Germany