E-Cigarette Use Causes a Unique Innate Immune Response in the Lung, Involving Increased Neutrophilic Activation and Altered Mucin Secretion.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
; 197(4): 492-501, 2018 02 15.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29053025
ABSTRACT
RATIONALE E-cigarettes have become increasingly popular and little is known about their potential adverse health effects. OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effects of e-cigarette use on the airways.METHODS:
Induced sputum samples from cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, and nonsmokers were analyzed by quantitative proteomics, and the total and individual concentrations of mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B were determined by light scattering/refractometry and labeled mass spectrometry, respectively. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation rates were also determined for the same groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAINRESULTS:
E-cigarette users exhibited significant increases in aldehyde-detoxification and oxidative stress-related proteins associated with cigarette smoke compared with nonsmokers. The levels of innate defense proteins associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-9, were significantly elevated in e-cigarette users as well. E-cigarette users' sputum also uniquely exhibited significant increases in neutrophil granulocyte-related and NET-related proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, azurocidin, and protein-arginine deiminase 4, despite no significant elevation in neutrophil cell counts. Peripheral neutrophils from e-cigarette users showed increased susceptibility to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NETosis. Finally, a compositional change in the gel-forming building blocks of airway mucus (i.e., an elevated concentration of mucin MUC5AC) was observed in both cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users.CONCLUSIONS:
Together, our results indicate that e-cigarette use alters the profile of innate defense proteins in airway secretions, inducing similar and unique changes relative to cigarette smoking. These data challenge the concept that e-cigarettes are a healthier alternative to cigarettes.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Smoking
/
Neutrophil Activation
/
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
/
Immunity, Innate
/
Lung
/
Mucins
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Observational_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
En
Journal:
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Journal subject:
TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Year:
2018
Type:
Article