Non-Animal Strategies for Toxicity Assessment of Nanoscale Materials: Role of Adverse Outcome Pathways in the Selection of Endpoints.
Small
; 17(15): e2007628, 2021 04.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33559363
ABSTRACT
Faster, cheaper, sensitive, and mechanisms-based animal alternatives are needed to address the safety assessment needs of the growing number of nanomaterials (NM) and their sophisticated property variants. Specifically, strategies that help identify and prioritize alternative schemes involving individual test models, toxicity endpoints, and assays for the assessment of adverse outcomes, as well as strategies that enable validation and refinement of these schemes for the regulatory acceptance are needed. In this review, two strategies 1) the current nanotoxicology literature review and 2) the adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) framework, a systematic process that allows the assembly of available mechanistic information concerning a toxicological response in a simple modular format, are presented. The review highlights 1) the most frequently assessed and reported ad hoc in vivo and in vitro toxicity measurements in the literature, 2) various AOPs of relevance to inhalation toxicity of NM that are presently under development, and 3) their applicability in identifying key events of toxicity for targeted in vitro assay development. Finally, using an existing AOP for lung fibrosis, the specific combinations of cell types, exposure and test systems, and assays that are experimentally supported and thus, can be used for assessing NM-induced lung fibrosis, are proposed.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pulmonary Fibrosis
/
Nanostructures
/
Adverse Outcome Pathways
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Small
Journal subject:
ENGENHARIA BIOMEDICA
Year:
2021
Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Canada