Evaluation of IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) gingival crevicular fluid levels in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) was described as a new IL-12 family member. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-39 levels in periodontal diseases and health and to correlate them to GCF levels of IL-1ß and periostin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-six adult patients were included in the study. The study design was comprised of three groups, each containing 22 individuals the periodontally healthy (PH), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) groups. The clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from the participants. GCF interleukin (IL)-39, IL-1ß, and periostin levels were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: GCF IL­1ß, periostin, and IL-39 levels were higher in the P and G groups than in the PH group (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were detected between all GCF biochemical parameters and clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). In the multivariate generalized linear regression analysis, the P (ß = 37.6, 95% CI = 22.9-52.4) and G (ß = 28.4, 95% CI = 15.8-41) groups were associated with GCF IL-39 levels (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: IL-39 levels were elevated in the presence of periodontal disease paralleling the increase in IL­1ß and periostin levels. IL-39 may have a role in the periodontal inflammation process. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE IL-39, a new cytokine from the IL-12 family, can be a possible predictor marker of periodontal diseases.