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Validation of the Short Version (TLS-15) of the Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45) across 37 Languages.
Kowal, Marta; Sorokowski, Piotr; Dinic, Bojana M; Pisanski, Katarzyna; Gjoneska, Biljana; Frederick, David A; Pfuhl, Gerit; Milfont, Taciano L; Bode, Adam; Aguilar, Leonardo; García, Felipe E; Roberts, S Craig; Abad-Villaverde, Beatriz; Kavcic, Tina; Miroshnik, Kirill G; Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu L G; Safárová, Katarína; Valentova, Jaroslava V; Aavik, Toivo; Blackburn, Angélique M; Çetinkaya, Hakan; Duyar, Izzet; Guemaz, Farida; Ishii, Tatsunori; Kacmár, Pavol; Natividade, Jean C; Nussinson, Ravit; Omar-Fauzee, Mohd Sofian B; Pacquing, Ma Criselda T; Ponnet, Koen; Wang, Austin H; Yoo, Gyesook; Amin, Rizwana; Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine; Afhami, Reza; Arvanitis, Alexios; Duyar, Derya Atamturk; Besson, Théo; Boussena, Mahmoud; Can, Seda; Can, Ali R; Carneiro, João; Castro, Rita; Chubinidze, Dimitri; Cunichina, Ksenija; Don, Yahya; Dural, Seda; Etchezahar, Edgardo; Fekih-Romdhane, Feten; Frackowiak, Tomasz.
Affiliation
  • Kowal M; IDN Being Human Lab, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-529, Wroclaw, Poland. marta7kowal@gmail.com.
  • Sorokowski P; Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
  • Dinic BM; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
  • Pisanski K; Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
  • Gjoneska B; ENES Bioacoustics Research Lab, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, University of Jean Monnet Saint Étienne, Saint Étienne, France.
  • Frederick DA; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
  • Pfuhl G; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia.
  • Milfont TL; Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
  • Bode A; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
  • Aguilar L; School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand.
  • García FE; School of Archaeology and Anthropology, ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
  • Roberts SC; School of Psychology, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
  • Abad-Villaverde B; Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
  • Kavcic T; IDN Being Human Lab, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-529, Wroclaw, Poland.
  • Miroshnik KG; Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
  • Ndukaihe ILG; Faculty of Humanities and Education, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  • Safárová K; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Valentova JV; Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
  • Aavik T; Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.
  • Blackburn AM; Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
  • Çetinkaya H; Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • Duyar I; Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
  • Guemaz F; Department of Psychology and Communication, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA.
  • Ishii T; Department of Psychology, Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Kacmár P; Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Natividade JC; Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Setif2, Setif, Algeria.
  • Nussinson R; Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Omar-Fauzee MSB; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Safárik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia.
  • Pacquing MCT; Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Ponnet K; Department of Education and Psychology, The Open University of Israel, Raanana, Israel.
  • Wang AH; Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
  • Yoo G; School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.
  • Amin R; Department of Psychology, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
  • Pirtskhalava E; Faculty of Social Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
  • Afhami R; Department of Political Science, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
  • Arvanitis A; Department of Child & Family Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  • Duyar DA; Department of Professional Psychology, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Besson T; Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
  • Boussena M; Department of Art Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
  • Can S; Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
  • Can AR; Department of Anthropology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Carneiro J; Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
  • Castro R; Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University Mohamed Lamine Debaghine Setif2, Setif, Algeria.
  • Chubinidze D; Department of Psychology, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey.
  • Cunichina K; Department of Anthropology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
  • Don Y; Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Dural S; Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
  • Etchezahar E; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Fekih-Romdhane F; Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
  • Frackowiak T; School of Education, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(2): 839-857, 2024 02.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37884798
ABSTRACT
Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg's 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale-the TLS-15-comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test-retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components-either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sexual Behavior / Love Limits: Humans Language: En Journal: Arch Sex Behav Year: 2024 Type: Article Affiliation country: Poland
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sexual Behavior / Love Limits: Humans Language: En Journal: Arch Sex Behav Year: 2024 Type: Article Affiliation country: Poland