A Dual-Modal, Label-Free Raman Imaging Method for Rapid Virtual Staining of Large-Area Breast Cancer Tissue Sections.

ABSTRACT

As one of the most common cancers, accurate, rapid, and simple histopathological diagnosis is very important for breast cancer. Raman imaging is a powerful technique for label-free analysis of tissue composition and histopathology, but it suffers from slow speed when applied to large-area tissue sections. In this study, we propose a dual-modal Raman imaging method that combines Raman mapping data with microscopy bright-field images to achieve virtual staining of breast cancer tissue sections. We validate our method on various breast tissue sections with different morphologies and biomarker expressions and compare it with the golden standard of histopathological methods. The results demonstrate that our method can effectively distinguish various types and components of tissues, and provide staining images comparable to stained tissue sections. Moreover, our method can improve imaging speed by up to 65 times compared to general spontaneous Raman imaging methods. It is simple, fast, and suitable for clinical applications.