Randomized trial of type 1 and type 3 oral monovalent poliovirus vaccines in newborns in Africa.
J Infect Dis
; 205(2): 228-36, 2012 Jan 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-22158680
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative aims to eradicate wild poliovirus by the end of 2012. Therefore, more-immunogenic polio vaccines, including monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines (mOPVs), are needed for supplemental immunization activities. This trial assessed the immunogenicity of monovalent types 1 and 3, compared with that of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV), in South Africa.METHODS:
We conducted a blinded, randomized, 4-arm controlled trial comparing the immunogenicity of a single dose of mOPV1 (from 2 manufacturers) and mOPV3 (from 1 manufacturer), given at birth, with the immunogenicity of tOPV.RESULTS:
Eight hundred newborns were enrolled; 762 (95%) were included in the analysis. At 30 days after vaccine administration, seroconversion to poliovirus type 1 was 73.4% and 76.4% in the 2 mOPV1 arms, compared with 39.1% in the tOPV arm (P < .0000001), and seroconversion to poliovirus type 3 was 58.0% in the mOPV3 arm, compared with 21.2% in the tOPV arm (P < .0000001). The vaccines were well tolerated, and no adverse events were attributed to trial interventions.CONCLUSION:
A dose of mOPV1 or mOPV3 at birth was superior to that of tOPV in inducing type-specific seroconversion in this sub-Saharan African population. Our results support continued use of mOPVs in supplemental immunization activities in countries where poliovirus types 1 or 3 circulate. Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN18107202.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Poliomielite
/
Vacina Antipólio Oral
/
Poliovirus
/
Anticorpos Antivirais
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
Limite:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Newborn
País/Região como assunto:
Africa
Idioma:
En
Revista:
J Infect Dis
Ano de publicação:
2012
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
África do Sul