Perspectives, controversies and directives on pulpal-periodontal relationships.

While established clinical, radiographic and histologic criteria exist to explain the intimate relationship of the pulp and periodontium during pathological states, the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of this perplexing interplay remains a challenge for the practitioner. This dynamic interrelationship is investigated with a focus on simplicity and succinctness to enhance diagnostic probabilities, clarify treatment modalities and provide realistic prognoses in management.