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On-road ammonia emissions characterized by mobile, open-path measurements.
Sun, Kang; Tao, Lei; Miller, David J; Khan, M Amir; Zondlo, Mark A.
Afiliação
  • Sun K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States.
Environ Sci Technol ; 48(7): 3943-50, 2014 Apr 01.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24517544
Ammonia (NH3) is a key precursor species to atmospheric fine particulate matter with strong implications for regional air quality and global climate change. NH3 from vehicles accounts for a significant fraction of total emissions of NH3 in urban areas. A mobile platform is developed to measure NH3, CO, and CO2 from the top of a passenger car. The mobile platform conducted 87 h of on-road measurements, covering 4500 km in New Jersey and California. The average on-road emission factor (EF) in CA is 0.49 ± 0.06 g NH3 per kg fuel and agrees with previous studies in CA (0.3-0.8 g/kg). The mean on-road NH3:CO emission ratio is 0.029 ± 0.005, and there is no systematic difference between NJ and CA. On-road NH3 EFs increase with road gradient by an enhancement of 53 mg/kg fuel per percentage of gradient. On-road NH3 EFs show higher values in both stop-and-go driving conditions and freeway speeds with a minimum near 70 km/h. Consistent with prior studies, the on-road emission ratios suggest a highly skewed distribution of NH3 emitters. Comparisons with existing NJ and CA on-road emission inventories indicate that there may be an underestimation of on-road NH3 emissions in both NJ and CA. We demonstrate that mobile, open-path measurements provide a unique tool to help quantitatively understand the on-road NH3 emissions in urban and suburban settings.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Emissões de Veículos / Poluentes Atmosféricos / Amônia País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Ano de publicação: 2014 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Emissões de Veículos / Poluentes Atmosféricos / Amônia País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Revista: Environ Sci Technol Ano de publicação: 2014 Tipo de documento: Article País de afiliação: Estados Unidos