Evaluation of radiotherapy techniques for radical treatment of lateralised oropharyngeal cancers : Dosimetry and NTCP.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate potential advantages and disadvantages of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), multiple fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in terms of dose to the planning target volume (PTV), organs at risk (OARs) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for delivering ipsilateral radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3DCRT, IMRT and VMAT were compared in patients with well-lateralised primary tonsillar cancers who underwent primary radical ipsilateral radiotherapy. The following parameters were compared: conformity index (CI); homogeneity index (HI); dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of PTVs and OARs; NTCP, risk of radiation-induced cancer and dose accumulation during treatment. RESULTS: IMRT and VMAT were superior to 3DCRT in terms of CI, HI and dose to the target volumes, as well as mandible and dose accumulation robustness. The techniques were equivalent in terms of dose and NTCP for the contralateral oral cavity, contralateral submandibular gland and mandible, when specific dose constraint objectives were used on the oral cavity volume. Although the volume of normal tissue exposed to low-dose radiation was significantly higher with IMRT and VMAT, the risk of radiation-induced secondary malignancy was dependant on the mathematical model used. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the superiority of IMRT/VMAT techniques over 3DCRT in terms of dose homogeneity, conformity and consistent dose delivery to the PTV throughout the course of treatment in patients with lateralised oropharyngeal cancers. Dosimetry and NTCP calculations show that these techniques are equivalent to 3DCRT with regard to the risk of acute mucositis when specific dose constraint objectives were used on the contralateral oral cavity OAR.