Comparing the bone mineral density among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes and classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and exploring risk factors for osteoporosis.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the bone mineral densities (BMDs) among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), classical type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to examine the risk factors for developing low BMD in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2017 and October 2020, a total of 57, 67, and 223 male patients with LADA, classical T1DM, and T2DM, respectively, were recruited from the endocrinology department of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital. Hormonal markers of bone metabolism, lipid profiles, uric acid, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and beta-cell function were measured using blood samples. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and right hip by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The mean BMD values from all three skeletal sites in male patients with LADA were comparable to those with classical T1DM but were much lower than those with T2DM. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that in all male patients with diabetes, body mass index (BMI), uric acid, and fasting C-peptide showed significant positive associations with BMD at all three skeletal sites; however, osteocalcin showed a negative association at all three sites. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with male patients with T2DM, lower BMDs were observed in patients with LADA and T1DM. Low BMI, uric acid, C-peptide levels, and high osteocalcin levels are risk factors for developing low BMD in male patients with diabetes.