Collapse Progression or Cessation Affects the Natural History of Contralateral Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: It is unclear how the condition of one side of the hip joint affects the natural history of contralateral osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). This study aimed to investigate the natural progression of bilateral ONFH on the asymptomatic side between patients with collapse progression and cessation on the symptomatic side. METHODS: The study included 109 patients with bilateral ONFH at the first visit, who were divided into two groups in accordance with the symptomatic side based on the collapse progression of ≥3 mm (progressive group 74 hips) and collapse cessation of <3 mm (stable group 35 hips) with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. The assessment parameters included age, gender, body mass index, etiology, type classification, and survival rates of the asymptomatic side with radiographic failure as the endpoints. RESULTS: Age, gender, body mass index, and etiology were not different between the two groups; however, a difference was observed in the type classification of the symptomatic side. The 4-year survival rates were significantly different between the progressive (34.3%) and stable groups (85.7%). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age <40 years (vs ≥40 years; hazard ratio [HR], 2.439), type C2 (vs B + C1; HR, 2.865), and collapse progression on the symptomatic side (vs collapse cessation; HR, 7.751) were independent factors determining collapse on the asymptomatic side. CONCLUSION: Collapse progression on the symptomatic side is a poor prognostic factor for the natural history of contralateral ONFH.