The Antibacterial Effect of Ciprofloxacin Loaded Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Nanoparticles Against the Common Bacterial Agents of Osteomyelitis.

The present study aimed to investigate the biocompatibility, antibacterial/anti-biofilm effects of ciprofloxacin-loaded calcium carbonate (Cip- loaded CaCO3) nanoparticles against the common organisms responsible for osteomyelitis. The antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities were studied by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), respectively. Hemolytic effects were determined for studying hemocompatibility. The SDS-PAGE method was used to study the interaction of Cip- loaded CaCO3 with plasma proteins. The effects of Cip- loaded CaCO3 on the cell viability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) was detected. The Cip- loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles were shown a significant antimicrobial effect at lower concentrations than free ciprofloxacin. No significant hemolytic effect was observed. The Cip- loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles have shown interaction with apolipoprotein A1 (28 kDa) and albumin (66.5 kDa). The viability of hBM-MSCs treated with Cip- loaded CaCO3 was more than 96%. Our results indicated that Cip-loaded CaCO3 nanoparticles had favorable in vitro compatibility with human red blood cells, antimicrobial effects, and low cytotoxicity.