Time to negative throat culture following initiation of antibiotics for pharyngeal group A Streptococcus: a systematic review and meta-analysis up to October 2021 to inform public health control measures.
Euro Surveill
; 28(15)2023 04.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37052678
ABSTRACT
BackgroundPublic health guidance recommending isolation of individuals with group A streptococcal (GAS) infection or carriage for 12-24â¯h from antibiotic initiation to prevent onward transmission requires a strong evidence base.AimTo estimate the pooled proportion of individuals who remain GAS culture-positive at set intervals after initiation of antibiotics through a systematic literature review (PROSPERO CRD42021290364) and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched Ovid MEDLINE (1946-), EMBASE (1974-) and Cochrane library. We included interventional or observational studies with ≥â¯10 participants reporting rates of GAS throat culture positivity during antibiotic treatment for culture-confirmed GAS pharyngitis, scarlet fever and asymptomatic pharyngeal GAS carriage. We did not apply age, language or geographical restrictions.ResultsOf 5,058 unique records, 43 were included (37 randomised controlled studies, three non-randomised controlled trials and three before-and-after studies). The proportion of individuals remaining culture-positive on day 1, day 2 and days 3-9 were 6.9% (95%â¯CI 2.7-16.8%), 5.4% (95%â¯CI 2.1-13.3%) and 2.6% (95%â¯CI 1.6-4.2%). For penicillins and cephalosporins, day 1 positivity was 6.5% (95% CI 2.5-16.1%) and 1.6% (95%â¯CI 0.04-42.9%), respectively. Overall, for 9.1% (95%â¯CI 7.3-11.3), throat swabs collected after completion of therapy were GAS culture-positive. Only six studies had low risk of bias.ConclusionsOur review provides evidence that antibiotics for pharyngeal GAS achieve a high rate of culture conversion within 24â¯h but highlights the need for further research given methodological limitations of published studies and imprecision of pooled estimates. Further evidence is needed for non-beta-lactam antibiotics and asymptomatic individuals.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Infecções Estreptocócicas
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Faringite
Tipo de estudo:
Clinical_trials
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Guideline
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Observational_studies
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Systematic_reviews
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Euro Surveill
Assunto da revista:
DOENCAS TRANSMISSIVEIS
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Reino Unido