Renal failure due to sulphadiazine in AIDS patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis.

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is optimally treated with the combination of high doses of sulphadiazine and pyrimethamine. We described two patients with AIDS treated for cerebral toxoplasmosis who developed renal failure due to sulphadiazine-induced crystalluria. Symptoms and renal failure were rapidly reversed with urine alkalinization and hydration. A careful monitoring and adequate hydration of patients with AIDS treated with high doses of sulphadiazine appears mandatory to avoid this complication.