High frequency ventilation.

The 1990s have seen a dramatic resurgence of interest in high frequency ventilation (HFV). The role of HFV in the rescue of infants failing conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is now relatively well established. However, the wider role of HFV in the routine management of respiratory failure in the newborn is more contentious. Recent trials in small numbers of infants suggest that HFV may be associated with significantly less chronic lung disease than CMV when used under optimal conditions (i.e. with a 'high-volume' strategy, from early in the disease and continued to the point of weaning). Further, clinical trials are now required to define the role of HFV more clearly.