Comparison of iodinated contrast media-induced renal vasoconstriction in human, rabbit, dog, and pig arteries.

ABSTRACT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Contrast media (CM)-induced renal vasoconstriction is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CM-induced nephrotoxicity. The effects of ionic, high-osmolar CM sodium/meglumine diatrizoate and nonionic, low-osmolar CM iohexol and iopamidol were studied in rabbit, dog, and pig renal arteries and compared with human tissue in an organ bath. METHODS: Isometric contractions were induced by increasing concentrations of CM and high-osmolar glucose solution. RESULTS: Contrast media and glucose elicited contractions in human renal arteries of 32% (diatrizoate), 20% (iohexol), 30% (iopamidol), and 22% (glucose). Rabbit and dog renal arteries demonstrated contractions of 30% and 46% (diatrizoate), 15% and 23% (iohexol), 15% and 26% (iopamidol), and 11% and 40% (glucose), respectively, of the control. There was a vasorelaxing effect of all CM tested on pig renal artery. CONCLUSIONS: Responses in rabbit and dog renal arteries were similar to those in human renal arteries and could serve as models for investigating CM-induced renal vasoconstriction.