The complexation of Cu(II) by anthropogenic fulvic acids extracted from composted urban and livestock wastes.

The fulvic acid (fua) fractions of two samples of composted solid wastes [urban (urfua) and livestock (lsfua) wastes], commercialized to be used in agriculture as organic correctives or fertilizers, were analyzed for their affinity towards Cu(II) at pH = 6. Molecular fluorescence spectroscopy (synchronous mode) was used to monitor the quenching caused by the complexation upon addition of Cu(II) to fua. Spectral data were preprocessed by a chemometric self-modeling mixture analysis method (SIMPLISMA) to detect the number of different types of fluorescent binding sites that exist in each fua, their spectra and the corresponding quenching profiles [fluorescence intensity as function of the total Cu(II) concentration]. From the analysis of the quenching profiles, the amount of binding sites (CL) and the corresponding conditional stability constants (K') were calculated. Both fua samples have approximately CL = 0.21 mmol/g and the logarithms of K' are 4.21(3) and 4.51(8), respectively for urfua and Isfua. The differences detected between these fua samples and those extracted from natural soils can be attributed mainly to the relatively small humification extent of the present anthropogenic fua samples.