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1.
Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) ; 82(1): 110-47, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431971

RESUMO

The evolution of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) has laid the groundwork for modern day TEA and has contributed to our understanding of elbow biomechanics. Trends in the usage of TEA have also varied significantly over time. This article aims to review the history and evolution of the TEA implant with a focus on modern day implant biomechanics and the trends in TEA indications. Additionally, this review discusses various complications that can occur with modern day TEA and looks toward the future to identify innovation and future trends.


Assuntos
Articulação do Cotovelo , Cotovelo , Humanos , Articulação do Cotovelo/cirurgia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Artroplastia
2.
J Bodyw Mov Ther ; 37: 254-264, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432815

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The literature has suggested a variety of postural changes of the spine that possibly contribute to the increase in back pain during sitting in persons with non-specific chronic low back pain (NS-CLBP). However, the heterogeneity of NS-CLBP persons has made the ability to attribute pain increase to a particular sitting posture very difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare lumbosacral kinematics and their roles in pain increase among homogenous NS-CLBP subgroups and healthy controls over a 1-h sitting period. METHODS: Twenty NS-CLBP subjects with motor control impairment [10 classified as having flexion pattern (FP) disorder, and 10 with active extension pattern (AEP) disorder], and 10 healthy controls participated in the study. Subjects underwent a 1-h sitting protocol on a standard office chair. Lumbosacral postures including sacral tilt, third lumbar vertebrae (L3) position, and relative lower lumbar angle were recorded using two-dimensional inclinometers over the 1-h period. Perceived back-pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale every 10 min throughout the sitting period. RESULTS: All study groups (FP, AEP and healthy controls) significantly differed from each other in the measured lumbosacral kinematics at the beginning as well as at the end of the sitting period (p ≤ 0.05). Only the NS-CLBP subgroups showed significant changes in the lumbosacral kinematics across the 1-h sitting period (p < 0.01), and that the directions of change occurred toward end spinal postures (lumbar kyphosis for FP subgroup and lumbar lordosis for the AEP subgroup). In addition, both NS-CLBP subgroups reported a similarly significant increase in pain through mid-sitting (p < 0.001). However, after mid-sitting, the AEP subgroup reported much less increase in pain level that was accompanied by a significant decrease in the lumbar lordotic postures (p = 0.001) compared to FP subgroup. CONCLUSION: The present study's findings suggest that each NS-CLBP subgroup presented with differently inherent sitting postures. These inherently dysfunctional postures coupled with the directional changes in the lumbosacral kinematics toward the extreme ranges across the 1-h sitting period, might explain the significant increase in pain among subgroups.


Assuntos
Dor Lombar , Animais , Humanos , Postura Sentada , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Nível de Saúde , Vértebras Lombares
3.
J Bodyw Mov Ther ; 37: 323-327, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432824

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Piriformis muscle syndrome (PMS) is a condition that can lead to symptoms including gluteal pain, local tenderness, and limitation of hip joint motion in daily activities, and it may have a major impact on some daily functions such as gait. We proposed that dry needling (DN) can improve the gait of individuals with PMS. METHODS: Thirty-two individuals with PMS were assigned equally and randomly to the treatment group or the wait-list control group. Subjects in the treatment group received three sessions of DN of the piriformis muscle. All participants in both groups were educated to correct their lifestyles. The outcome measures were the gait-related parameters (walking speed, peak hip flexion, peak hip extension, time to peak internal and external hip rotation, and knee sagittal range of motion), which were evaluated at baseline and after treatment. To compare different outcomes, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used, with baseline as the covariance and groups as a factor. RESULT: After DN sessions, peak hip extension during gait showed a statistically significant difference [adjusted MD 1.9 (3.7-0.08), p < 0.05, d = 0.56 (0.1-1.28)] in favor of the DN group. Peak hip flexion, on the other hand, exhibited a marginal statistically significant difference [adjusted MD -3.2 (-6.51 to 0.01), p = 0.053, d = 0.44 (1.16 to -0.02)] compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that participants in DN showed significantly greater peak extension angle of the hip during walking in individuals with PMS than in the control group.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Músculo Piriforme , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Marcha , Caminhada
4.
Zhongguo Gu Shang ; 37(2): 214-8, 2024 Feb 25.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425076

RESUMO

Knee osteoarthritis has become one of the common diseases of the elderly, total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most effective treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis at present. In TKA, the effective restoration of the lower extremity alignment is one of the key factors for the success of the operation, which greatly affects the postoperative clinical effect and prosthesis survival rate of patients. Mechanical alignment is a TKA alignment method which is first proposed, recognized and widely used in TKA. In recent years, with the in-depth research on the lower limb alignment and the rapid development of computer technology, the alignment technology in TKA has realized the transformation from "unified" to "individualized", two-dimensional to three-dimensional. New alignment methods, such as adjusted mechanical alignment, anatomic alignment, kinematic alignment, inverse kinematic alignment, restricted kinematic alignment and functional alignment have been proposed to provide surgeons with more choices. However, there is no conclusion on which alignment method is the best choice. This paper summarizes the current research status, advantages and disadvantages of various alignment methods in TKA, and aims to provide some reference for the selection of alignment methods in TKA.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Prótese do Joelho , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Humanos , Idoso , Artroplastia do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/cirurgia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
5.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0298646, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427634

RESUMO

Foot pronation is a prevalent condition known to contribute to a range of lower extremity injuries. Numerous interventions have been employed to address this issue, many of which are expensive and necessitate specific facilities. Gait retraining has been suggested as a promising intervention for modifying foot pronation, offering the advantage of being accessible and independent of additional materials or specific time. We aimed to systematically review the literature on the effect of gait retraining on foot pronation. We searched four databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase from their inception through 20 June 2023. The Downs and Black appraisal scale was applied to assess quality of included studies. Two reviewers screened studies to identify studies reporting the effect of different methods of gait-retraining on foot pronation. Outcomes of interest were rearfoot eversion, foot pronation, and foot arch. Two authors separately extracted data from included studies. Data of interest were study design, intervention, variable, sample size and sex, tools, age, height, weight, body mass index, running experience, and weekly distance of running. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random effects model in RevMan version 5.4. Fifteen studies with a total of 295 participants were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. The results of the meta-analysis showed that changing step width does not have a significant effect on peak rearfoot eversion. Results of single studies indicated that reducing foot progression angle (MD 2.1, 95% CI 0.62, 3.58), lateralizing COP (MD -3.3, 95% CI -4.88, -1.72) can effectively reduce foot pronation. Overall, this study suggests that gait retraining may be a promising intervention for reducing foot pronation; Most of the included studies demonstrated significant improvements in foot pronation following gait retraining. Changing center of pressure, foot progression angle and forefoot strike training appeared to yield more favorable outcomes. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness and long-term benefits.


Assuntos
, Marcha , Humanos , Pronação , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Extremidade Inferior
6.
J Int Med Res ; 52(3): 3000605241236054, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38468383

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Lumbar fractures are the most common spinal injuries, and surgery is required for severe fracture. This study aimed to investigate the variations in motion and stress in varying states of activity after minimally invasive and traditional open pedicle screw placement for L1 vertebral fracture stabilization. METHODS: We studied a male volunteer (26 years old) with no history of chronic back pain or lumbar spine trauma. We used the finite element method for this investigation. Using finite element software, we created a three-dimensional model of L1 vertebral compression fracture. We also constructed models for four percutaneous pedicle screws spanning the fractured vertebra and four screws traversing the damaged vertebra with transverse fixation. RESULTS: In all three-dimensional movement directions, the open pedicle fixation system experienced maximum stress higher than its percutaneous counterpart. With axial spinal rotation, von Mises stress on the traditional open pedicle screw was considerably lower than that with percutaneous pedicle fixation, but peak stress was elevated at the transverse connection. Traditional open pedicle fixation displayed less maximum displacement than percutaneous pedicle internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: During axial spinal movements, high peak stress is observed at the transverse connection. Patients should avoid excessive axial rotation of the spine during recovery.


Assuntos
Fraturas por Compressão , Parafusos Pediculares , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Vértebras Lombares/lesões , Vértebras Torácicas/cirurgia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos
7.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475070

RESUMO

Children aged 3-8 are in a critical period for motor development and postural control. Running is a basic motor skill that children need to master in early childhood. While running, children are prone to dangerous events such as falls. This study investigates the kinematic characteristics of running by children associated with different interference tasks, i.e., normalized running, cognitive dual-tasks, and obstacle crossing tasks, and provides a theoretical foundation for the interference mechanism of children's dynamic postural control and for screening of motor disorders. Two hundred children aged 3-8 were recruited. The BTS Bioengineering infrared motion capture system was used to collect spatiotemporal and kinematic running data under three tasks. Repeated measures of variance analysis were used to compare the effects of different interference tasks and ages on children's running signs. The main and interaction effect tests were compared by the Bonferroni method. The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) Running characteristics of early childhood are influenced by interference tasks and age. With interference tasks, the overall characteristics of running by children aged 3-8 showed an increasing trend in running cycle time and a decreasing trend in stride length, step length, cadence, and speed. (2) Both cognitive and obstacle crossing tasks had costs, and cognitive task costs were greater than obstacle crossing costs. Children adopted a "task first" running strategy with different interference tasks. When facing cognitive tasks, their overall joint motion decreased, and they reduced joint motions to promote task completion. When facing obstacle crossing tasks, because of the characteristics of the task itself, children increased joint motions to cope with interference. (3) In terms of age, the running characteristics showed a nonlinear development trend in various indicators, with a degree of recurrence and high variability in adjacent age groups. (4) The dual-task interference paradigm of "postural-cognition" can be used as a motor intervention tool to promote the development of basic motor skills in early childhood.


Assuntos
Marcha , Caminhada , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cognição , Destreza Motora
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(5)2024 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474188

RESUMO

Actin-binding filamin C (FLNC) is expressed in cardiomyocytes, where it localizes to Z-discs, sarcolemma, and intercalated discs. Although FLNC truncation variants (FLNCtv) are an established cause of arrhythmias and heart failure, changes in biomechanical properties of cardiomyocytes are mostly unknown. Thus, we investigated the mechanical properties of human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) carrying FLNCtv. CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited homozygous FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs and heterozygous knock-out FLNCKO+/- hiPSC-CMs were analyzed and compared to wild-type FLNC (FLNCWT) hiPSC-CMs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to perform micro-indentation to evaluate passive and dynamic mechanical properties. A qualitative analysis of the beating traces showed gene dosage-dependent-manner "irregular" peak profiles in FLNCKO+/- and FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs. Two Young's moduli were calculated: E1, reflecting the compression of the plasma membrane and actin cortex, and E2, including the whole cell with a cytoskeleton and nucleus. Both E1 and E2 showed decreased stiffness in mutant FLNCKO+/- and FLNCKO-/- iPSC-CMs compared to that in FLNCWT. The cell adhesion force and work of adhesion were assessed using the retraction curve of the SCFS. Mutant FLNC iPSC-CMs showed gene dosage-dependent decreases in the work of adhesion and adhesion forces from the heterozygous FLNCKO+/- to the FLNCKO-/- model compared to FLNCWT, suggesting damaged cytoskeleton and membrane structures. Finally, we investigated the effect of crenolanib on the mechanical properties of hiPSC-CMs. Crenolanib is an inhibitor of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α (PDGFRA) pathway which is upregulated in FLNCtv hiPSC-CMs. Crenolanib was able to partially rescue the stiffness of FLNCKO-/- hiPSC-CMs compared to control, supporting its potential therapeutic role.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas , Miócitos Cardíacos , Humanos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Filaminas/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Miocárdio
9.
Int Ophthalmol ; 44(1): 132, 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478103

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Corneal biomechanics is an emerging field and the interest into physical and biological interrelations in the anterior part of the eye has significantly increased during the past years. There are many factors that determine corneal biomechanics such as hormonal fluctuations, hydration and environmental factors. Other factors that can affect the corneas are the age, the intraocular pressure and the central corneal thickness. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the factors affecting corneal biomechanics and the recent advancements in non-destructive, in vivo measurement techniques for early detection and improved management of corneal diseases. METHODS: Until recently, corneal biomechanics could not be directly assessed in humans and were instead inferred from geometrical cornea analysis and ex vivo biomechanical testing. The current research has made strides in studying and creating non-destructive and contactless techniques to measure the biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo. RESULTS: Research has indicated that altered corneal biomechanics contribute to diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma. The identification of pathological corneas through the new measurement techniques is imperative for preventing postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of pathological corneas is crucial for the prevention of postoperative complications. Therefore, a better understanding of corneal biomechanics will lead to earlier diagnosis of ectatic disorders, improve current refractive surgeries and allow for a better postoperative treatment.


Assuntos
Córnea , Ceratocone , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Ceratocone/diagnóstico , Ceratocone/cirurgia , Pressão Intraocular , Complicações Pós-Operatórias
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478756

RESUMO

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is evolving from mechanical alignment to more individualized alignment options in an attempt to improve patient satisfaction. Thirteen-year survival of kinematically aligned prostheses has recently been shown to be similar to mechanically aligned TKA, allaying concerns of long-term failure of this newer individualized technique. There is a complex inter-relationship of three-dimensional knee and limb alignment for a TKA. This article will review planning parameters necessary to individualize each knee, along with a discussion of how these parameters are related in three dimensions. Future use of computer software and machine learning has the potential to identify the ideal surgical plan for each patient. In the meantime, the material presented here can assist surgeons as newer individual alignment planning becomes a reality.


Assuntos
Artroplastia do Joelho , Osteoartrite do Joelho , Humanos , Artroplastia do Joelho/métodos , Osteoartrite do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoartrite do Joelho/cirurgia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia
11.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299542, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478544

RESUMO

The potential application of flapping wings in micro-aerial vehicles is gaining interest due to their ability to generate high lift even in confined spaces. Most studies in the past have investigated hovering wings as well as those flapping near solid surfaces. However, the presence of surface tension at the water-air interface and the ability of the water surface to move might differentiate its response to the proximity of wings, compared to that of solid surfaces. Motivated by underwater, amphibian robots and several underwater experimental studies on flapping wings, our study investigated the effects of the proximity of flapping wings to the water surface at low Reynolds numbers (Re = 3400). Experiments were performed on a rectangular wing in a water tank with prescribed flapping kinematics and the aerodynamic forces were measured. The effects of surface proximity on the wing in its both upright and inverted orientations were studied. Broadly, the mean lift and drag coefficients in both orientations decreased significantly (by up to 60%) as the distance from the water surface was increased. In the case of the upright orientation, the mean lift coefficient was slightly decreased very close to the water surface with its peak being observed at the normalized clearance of [Formula: see text]. Overall, the study revealed an enhancement in the aerodynamic forces closer to the water surface.


Assuntos
Voo Animal , Asas de Animais , Animais , Asas de Animais/fisiologia , Voo Animal/fisiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Fenômenos Mecânicos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
12.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0299649, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38470904

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The research objective of this study is to use finite element analysis to investigate the impact of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury on medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and explore whether patients with ACL injuries can undergo UKA. METHODS: Based on the morphology of the ACL, models of ACL with diameters ranging from 1 to 10mm are created. Finite element models of UKA include ACL absence and ACLs with different diameters. After creating a complete finite element model and validating it, four different types of loads are applied to the knee joint. Statistical analysis is conducted to assess the stress variations in the knee joint structure. RESULTS: A total of 11 finite element models of UKA were established. Regarding the stress on the ACL, as the diameter of the ACL increased, when a vertical load of 750N was applied to the femur, combined with an anterior tibial load of 105N, the stress on the ACL increased from 2.61 MPa to 4.62 MPa, representing a 77.05% increase. Regarding the equivalent stress on the polyethylene gasket, a notable high stress change was observed. The stress on the gasket remained between 12.68 MPa and 14.33 MPa in all models. the stress on the gasket demonstrated a decreasing trend. The equivalent stress in the lateral meniscus and lateral femoral cartilage decreases, reducing from the maximum stress of 4.71 MPa to 2.61 MPa, with a mean value of 3.73 MPa. This represents a reduction of 44.72%, and the statistical significance is (P < 0.05). However, under the other three loads, there was no significant statistical significance (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the integrity of the ACL plays a protective role in performing medial UKA. However, this protective effect is limited when performing medial UKA. When the knee joint only has varying degrees of ACL injury, even ACL rupture, and the remaining structures of the knee joint are intact with anterior-posterior stability in the knee joint, it should not be considered a contraindication for medial UKA.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Artroplastia do Joelho , Humanos , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Tíbia/cirurgia , Contraindicações , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
13.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6041, 2024 03 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472286

RESUMO

The validity of observational methods in ergonomics is still challenging research. Criterion validity in terms of concurrent validity is the most commonly studied. However, studies comparing observational methods with biomechanical values are rare. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with in vivo load measurements at hip, spine, and knee during stoop and squat lifting of 14 participants. The results reveal that OWAS and REBA action levels (AL) can distinguish between different in vivo load measurements during manual lifting. However, the results also reveal that the same OWAS- and REBA-AL do not necessarily provide equal mean values of in vivo load measurements. For example, resultant contact force in the vertebral body replacement for squat lifting ranged from 57% body weight (%BW) in OWAS-AL1 to 138%BW in OWAS-AL3 compared to 46%BW in REBA-AL0 and 173%BW in REBA-AL3. Furthermore, the results suggest that the performed squat lifting techniques had a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders than the performed stoop lifting techniques.


Assuntos
Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Coluna Vertebral , Humanos , Joelho , Articulação do Joelho , Medição de Risco , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
14.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474946

RESUMO

Roller skiing is one primary form of training method as it is an off-snow equivalent to cross-country (XC) skiing during the dry land preseason training, but the results could only be applied to on-snow skiing with appropriate caution. The aim of this present study was to investigate the similarities and differences in roller skiing and on-snow skiing with the diagonal stride (DS) technique. Six youth (age: 14.3 ± 2.9 years) skiers participated in this study. Two high-definition video camcorders and FastMove 3D Motion 2.23.3.3101 were used to obtain the three-dimensional kinematic data. The cycle characteristics and joint angle ROM of the DS technique while skiing on different surfaces were similar. Almost all joint angle-time curves that were obtained from roller skiing showed a moderate-to-high degree of similarity to the angle-time curves obtained from on-snow skiing, except the hip adduction-abduction angle. The differences between roller skiing and on-snow skiing were mainly found in the body and calf anteversion angles, and the joint angles at critical instants. DS roller skiing can simulate DS on-snow skiing to a large extent in youth athletes. The hip movement, knee flexion, and calf anteversion at ski/roller ski touchdown and take-off, pole inclination at pole touchdown, body anteversion angle, and trunk anteversion angle at pole touchdown were the points that required caution when transferring preseason practice roller skiing to on-snow skiing.


Assuntos
Esqui , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Consumo de Oxigênio , Perna (Membro) , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Movimento (Física)
15.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474980

RESUMO

This study investigates the biomechanical impact of a passive Arm-Support Exoskeleton (ASE) on workers in wool textile processing. Eight workers, equipped with surface electrodes for electromyography (EMG) recording, performed three industrial tasks, with and without the exoskeleton. All tasks were performed in an upright stance involving repetitive upper limbs actions and overhead work, each presenting different physical demands in terms of cycle duration, load handling and percentage of cycle time with shoulder flexion over 80°. The use of ASE consistently lowered muscle activity in the anterior and medial deltoid compared to the free condition (reduction in signal Root Mean Square (RMS) -21.6% and -13.6%, respectively), while no difference was found for the Erector Spinae Longissimus (ESL) muscle. All workers reported complete satisfaction with the ASE effectiveness as rated on Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST), and 62% of the subjects rated the usability score as very high (>80 System Usability Scale (SUS)). The reduction in shoulder flexor muscle activity during the performance of industrial tasks is not correlated to the level of ergonomic risk involved. This preliminary study affirms the potential adoption of ASE as support for repetitive activities in wool textile processing, emphasizing its efficacy in reducing shoulder muscle activity. Positive worker acceptance and intention to use ASE supports its broader adoption as a preventive tool in the occupational sector.


Assuntos
Exoesqueleto Energizado , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Ombro/fisiologia , Eletromiografia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
16.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474989

RESUMO

The knee abduction moment (KAM) has been identified as a significant predictor of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk; however, the cost and time demands associated with collecting three-dimensional (3D) kinetic data have prompted the need for alternative solutions. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been explored as a potential solution for quantitative on-field assessment of injury risk. Most previous work has focused on angular velocity data, which are highly susceptible to bias and noise relative to acceleration data. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the relationship between KAM and body segment acceleration during sport-specific movements. Three functional tasks were selected to analyze peak KAM using optical motion capture and force plates as well as peak triaxial segment accelerations using IMUs. Moderate correlations with peak KAM were observed for peak shank acceleration during single-leg hop; peak trunk, thigh, and shank accelerations during a deceleration task; and peak trunk, pelvis, and shank accelerations during a 45° cut. These findings provide preliminary support for the use of wearable IMUs to identify peak KAM during athletic tasks.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Esportes , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Articulação do Joelho , Extremidade Inferior
17.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475012

RESUMO

Motion reconstruction using wearable sensors enables broad opportunities for gait analysis outside laboratory environments. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based foot trajectory reconstruction is an essential component of estimating the foot motion and user position required for any related biomechanics metrics. However, limitations remain in the reconstruction quality due to well-known sensor noise and drift issues, and in some cases, limited sensor bandwidth and range. In this work, to reduce drift in the height direction and handle the impulsive velocity error at heel strike, we enhanced the integration reconstruction with a novel kinematic model that partitions integration velocity errors into estimates of acceleration bias and heel strike vertical velocity error. Using this model, we achieve reduced height drift in reconstruction and simultaneously accomplish reliable terrain determination among level ground, ramps, and stairs. The reconstruction performance of the proposed method is compared against the widely used Error State Kalman Filter-based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning and integration-based foot-IMU motion reconstruction method with 15 trials from six subjects, including one prosthesis user. The mean height errors per stride are 0.03±0.08 cm on level ground, 0.95±0.37 cm on ramps, and 1.27±1.22 cm on stairs. The proposed method can determine the terrain types accurately by thresholding on the model output and demonstrates great reconstruction improvement in level-ground walking and moderate improvement on ramps and stairs.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , , Humanos , Caminhada , Movimento (Física) , Aceleração , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Marcha
18.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475017

RESUMO

When performing lifting tasks at work, the Lifting Index (LI) is widely used to prevent work-related low-back disorders, but it presents criticalities pertaining to measurement accuracy and precision. Wearable sensor networks, such as sensorized insoles and inertial measurement units, could improve biomechanical risk assessment by enabling the computation of an adaptive LI (aLI) that changes over time in relation to the actual method of carrying out lifting. This study aims to illustrate the concepts and mathematics underlying aLI computation and compare aLI calculations in real-time using wearable sensors and force platforms with the LI estimated with the standard method used by ergonomists and occupational health and safety technicians. To reach this aim, 10 participants performed six lifting tasks under two risk conditions. The results show us that the aLI value rapidly converges towards the reference value in all tasks, suggesting a promising use of adaptive algorithms and instrumental tools for biomechanical risk assessment.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Remoção , Humanos , Medição de Risco , Matemática , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
19.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475055

RESUMO

The study aims to construct an inertial measuring system for the application of amputee subjects wearing a prosthesis. A new computation scheme to process inertial data by installing seven wireless inertial sensors on the lower limbs was implemented and validated by comparing it with an optical motion capture system. We applied this system to amputees to verify its performance for gait analysis. The gait parameters are evaluated to objectively assess the amputees' prosthesis-wearing status. The Madgwick algorithm was used in the study to correct the angular velocity deviation using acceleration data and convert it to quaternion. Further, the zero-velocity update method was applied to reconstruct patients' walking trajectories. The combination of computed walking trajectory with pelvic and lower limb joint motion enables sketching the details of motion via a stickman that helps visualize and animate the walk and gait of a test subject. Five participants with above-knee (n = 2) and below-knee (n = 3) amputations were recruited for gait analysis. Kinematic parameters were evaluated during a walking test to assess joint alignment and overall gait characteristics. Our findings support the feasibility of employing simple algorithms to achieve accurate and precise joint angle estimation and gait parameters based on wireless inertial sensor data.


Assuntos
Amputados , Membros Artificiais , Humanos , Marcha , Caminhada , Amputação Cirúrgica , Joelho , Articulação do Joelho , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
20.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475084

RESUMO

Walking rehabilitation following injury or disease involves voluntary gait modification, yet the specific brain signals underlying this process remains unclear. This aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an auditory cue on changes in brain activity when walking overground (O) and on a treadmill (T) using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with a 32-electrode montage. Employing a between-group repeated-measures design, 24 participants (age: 25.7 ± 3.8 years) were randomly allocated to either an O (n = 12) or T (n = 12) group to complete two walking conditions (self-selected speed control (sSC) and speed control (SC)). The differences in brain activities during the gait cycle were investigated using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM). The addition of an auditory cue did not modify cortical activity in any brain area during the gait cycle when walking overground (all p > 0.05). However, significant differences in EEG activity were observed in the delta frequency band (0.5-4 Hz) within the sSC condition between the O and T groups. These differences occurred at the central frontal (loading phase) and frontocentral (mid stance phase) brain areas (p < 0.05). Our data suggest auditory cueing has little impact on modifying cortical activity during overground walking. This may have practical implications in neuroprosthesis development for walking rehabilitation, sports performance optimization, and overall human quality-of-life improvement.


Assuntos
Sinais (Psicologia) , Caminhada , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Marcha , Encéfalo , Eletroencefalografia , Teste de Esforço , Fenômenos Biomecânicos
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