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1.
Trials ; 25(1): 175, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38468338

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The demand for plasma products is growing, necessitating an increase in plasma collection by plasmapheresis. While the 20th edition of the European Guidelines permits plasma donors in Europe to donate with 96-h donation intervals, the potential short- and long-term consequences of high-frequency plasma donations on donor health remain unknown. This study aims to measure the effect of plasma donation frequency on plasma protein composition, including total serum protein (TSP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), in Norwegian male blood donors. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 120 male blood donors who were randomized into two intervention groups and one control group: high-frequency plasma donors (HFPDs) who donated 650 mL of plasma 3 times every 2 weeks, whereas regular-frequency plasma donors (RFPDs) who donated 650 mL of plasma 1 time every 2 weeks. The control group consisted of whole blood donors. The primary outcomes are the concentrations of TSP and IgG. DISCUSSION: The findings from this study may have implications for recommendations related to donor health and plasma donation frequencies and may contribute to supporting the strategic independence of plasma products in Norway and Europe without compromising donor health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05179200 . Registered December 20th, 2021.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Plasmaferese , Masculino , Humanos , Plasmaferese/métodos , Imunoglobulina G , Tempo , Europa (Continente) , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6072, 2024 03 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38480826

RESUMO

Blood transfusions from convalescent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients could be used to treat patients with severe infections or immunocompromised patients. However, it is necessary to select the optimal donors to maximize the utilization of resources. In this study, we investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise frequency and duration, and alcohol consumption with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibody titer levels with in the Chinese convalescent blood donor population. Here we show that BMI, smoking habits, and exercise frequency appear to be predictive factors for IgG levels in convalescent male blood donors. However, these variables were not observed as predictive of IgG levels in female convalescent blood donors. The findings could be used to optimize the screening for potential blood donors to treat immunocompromised or severely ill COVID-19 patients.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , SARS-CoV-2 , Doadores de Sangue , Estudos Transversais , Imunização Passiva , Soroterapia para COVID-19 , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina G , China
3.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 690, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38438851

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHOD: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC's HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. RESULT: A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1-12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61-16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38-9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17-12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24-9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03-11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46-77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66-17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07-7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Vacinas , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Vírus da Hepatite B , Doadores de Sangue , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Somália/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6231, 2024 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485973

RESUMO

The human population is ageing worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that the world's population of people aged 60 years and older will increase to at least 30%, coinciding with a growing frequency of cognitive and cardiovascular disease. Recently, in preclinical studies platelet Factor 4 (PF4) was presented as a pro-cognitive factor. This molecule is released by platelets in the circulation and could be present in blood products destined for transfusion. We wondered if PF4 levels are correlated to the age of the blood donor or to the storage time of platelet concentrates (PCs) intended for transfusion? We observed higher levels of PF4 in PCs from elderly donors compared to younger donors, while PC storage time did not determine PF4 levels expression.


Assuntos
Fator Plaquetário 4 , Plaquetoferese , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fator Plaquetário 4/metabolismo , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Doadores de Sangue , Preservação de Sangue
5.
HLA ; 103(3): e15419, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38450972

RESUMO

Adoptive cell therapy using virus-specific T cells (VST) is a strategy for treating common opportunistic viral infections after transplantation, particularly when these infections do not resolve through antiviral drug therapy. The availability of third-party healthy donors allows for the immediate use of cells for allogeneic therapy in cases where patients lack an appropriate donor. Here, we present the creation of a cell donor registry of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-typed blood donors, REDOCEL, a strategic initiative to ensure the availability of compatible cells for donation when needed. Currently, the registry consists of 597 healthy donors with a median age of 29 years, 54% of whom are women. The most represented blood groups were A positive and O positive, with 36.52% and 34.51%, respectively. Also, donors were screened for cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Almost 65% of donors were CMV-seropositive, while less than 5% were EBV-seronegative. Of the CMV-seropositive donors, 98% were also EBV-seropositive. High-resolution HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 allele and haplotype frequencies were determined in the registry. Prevalent HLA alleles and haplotypes were well represented to ensure donor-recipient HLA-matching, including alleles reported to present viral immunodominant epitopes. Since the functional establishment of REDOCEL, in May 2019, 87 effective donations have been collected, and the effective availability of donors with the first call has been greater than 75%. Thus, almost 89% of patients receiving an effective donation had available at least 5/10 HLA-matched cell donors (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1). To summarize, based on our experience, a cell donor registry from previously HLA-typed blood donors is a useful tool for facilitating access to VST therapy.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Bancos de Sangue , Alelos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Doadores de Sangue , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II , Citomegalovirus , Antígenos HLA-A , Linfócitos T
6.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 104(11): 883-887, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462366

RESUMO

From September 2019 to October 2020, pathogenetic analysis of three patients clinically diagnosed as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) caused by human leukocyte antibodies was conducted by Guangzhou Blood Centre, including 2 males and 1 female, aged 56, 50 and 20 years old, respectively. Solid phase agglutination, anti-human globulin test and flow cytometry method were used to detect the presence of antibodies against patients. Sequencing-based human leukocyte antigen (HLA-SBT) typing technique was used to detect the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes of patients. Lifecodes single antigen class Ⅰ/Ⅱ kit (LSA-Ⅰ/Ⅱ) were used to detect the specificity of HLA-class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ antibodies in donor blood by Luminex 200 liquid suspension chip system. The HLA specific antibodies and corresponding epitopes in donors were also analyzed. The results showed that HLA class Ⅰ or class Ⅱ specific antibodies against TRALI patients were detected in the blood donors. The plasma of donor 3 received by patient 1 contained antibodies against the patient's HLA-DRB1*09∶01 antigen, and the epitopes mediating the antibody reaction of the donor and recipient were 70R, 31I, 70QA. There were antibodies against the HLA-A*11∶02, HLA-A*11∶01, DRB1*12∶02, and DRB1*09∶01 antigens of patient 2 in the plasma of donor 4, and the associated antigenic epitopes were 151AHA, 57V, and 16Y. Antibodies against the HLA-DRB1*14∶04, DRB1*11∶01, and DPB1*05∶01 antigens of patient 3 were present in the plasma of donor 6 and donor 7, and the associated epitopes were 96HK, 140TV, 13SE, and 111K. Three cases of TRALI were confirmed to be caused by HLA antibodies through laboratory analysis, and human leukocyte antibody detection should be paid attention in clinically suspected cases of TRALI, and targeted diagnosis and treatment should be given.


Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda Relacionada à Transfusão , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Cadeias HLA-DRB1 , Isoanticorpos , Antígenos HLA , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I , Doadores de Sangue , Antígenos HLA-A , Epitopos
7.
Infect Dis Now ; 54(2): 104861, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316362

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the need for screening of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood products, we assessed TTI seroprevalence in blood donors and hospitalized patients. METHODS: We collected 2760 serum samples from three regions of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Huzhou from April 2021 to March 2022, and they tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C (HCV), Treponema pallidum (TP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibody levels. RESULTS: Screening test results showed that the positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-TP were 3.01 %, 0.39 % and 0.18 %, respectively. The positive rates for CMV IgM and CMV IgG were 0.76 % and 96.96 %, while the positive rates for EB VCA-IgM and EB EA-IgG were 1.88 % and 10.47 %; those for HEV IgM and HEV IgG were 1.16 % and 26.05 %, while the HTLV-1/2 antibody positive rate was 0.04 %. The positive rates for CMV IgG, EB EA-IgG and HEV IgG in hospitalized patients before transfusion were higher than in volunteer blood donors, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The overall co-infection rate was 0.29 %. The positive rates for EB VCA-IgM in the males were significantly higher than in females, and EB VCA-IgM and HEV IgG prevalence varied significantly by age. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate the risk of TTI exposure and TTI transmission in the Zhejiang population, which poses a threat to blood safety. It is hoped that expansion of pathogen categories (CMV, EBV, HEV and HTLV-1/2) and blood screening programs will contribute to the future adoption of scientific blood transfusion methods.


Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Reação Transfusional , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Doadores de Sangue , Prevalência , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Transfusão de Sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais , China/epidemiologia , Citomegalovirus , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Voluntários
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 1891, 2024 02 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307913

RESUMO

In China, according to the 'Technical Operating Procedures for Blood Stations (2019 Edition),' blood stations are authorized to utilize Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) to detect pathogen markers linked with transfusion-transmissible infections. However, currently, there is no approved CLIA reagent for the screening of blood-borne diseases in China, specifically for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen. The objective of this research project is to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the Wantai Chemiluminescent Microparticle Hepatitis B surface antigen reagent. This study evaluates the performance of the Wantai Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) on the Wan200 + analyzer in screening for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in blood samples. The clinical trial component of this evaluation is included as part of the documentation submitted to the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China for the approval of blood screening reagents. The evaluation plan of this study encompasses two main components: clinical trials and performance assessment. We adopted a controlled trial design, utilizing the WanTai Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) on the Wan200 + analyzer and the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to screen for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in routine blood donor samples and reference serum panel samples. To ensure the accuracy of the screening, we additionally employed Abbott's ELISA reagents and HBV DNA for validation. The assessment primarily focused on key performance indicators such as sensitivity, specificity, and analytical sensitivity. Moreover, this clinical trial data has been included as part of the submission to China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). In the clinical trials of this study, a total of 10,470 blood donor samples underwent simultaneous testing using both CMIA and ELISA methods. Across two clinical trials, there was remarkable concordance between CMIA and the two ELISA reagents, with Kappa values exceeding 0.82. Among the 269 samples that were double-reactive in the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) tests, CMIA exhibited a 100% reactivity detection rate. However, CMIA produced 14 and 6 false-positive results in the respective clinical trials, resulting in specificities of 99.73% and 99.89%. In contrast, the specificities for Wantai ELISA and Xin Chuang ELISA were both greater than 99.94%.When testing samples in the gray zone serum plates, CMIA's detection limit significantly exceeded that of the two ELISA assays. CMIA had a detection cutoff of 0.05 IU/mL, while the two ELISA reagents had cutoffs of 0.1 IU/mL and 0.09 IU/mL, respectively. CMIA's detection limits for the adr and adw subtypes were 0.05 IU/mL, and for the ay subtype, it was 0.1 U/mL. The detection limit for 10 HBV mutant samples was 0.5 U/mL. In 165 cases where ELISA tested negative but HBV DNA tested positive, CMIA detected 5 HBsAg-positive samples. This study evaluated the performance of the Wantai CMIA in screening for HBsAg among blood donors. The results demonstrate outstanding performance of CMIA in both clinical trials and performance assessments, detecting all true positive samples with a sensitivity of 100%. It exhibits excellent concordance with the two ELISA assays. Of particular note is its superiority in early detection of HBsAg in the screening of early-stage hepatitis B infections, reducing the window period compared to ELISA. CMIA achieves a specificity exceeding 99.73% for negative blood donors, aligning with the European Union's standards for blood screening assay specificity. In summary, Wantai's CMIA displays high sensitivity and specificity in blood donor screening, making it suitable for screening blood donors in China.


Assuntos
Amidas , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Propionatos , Humanos , Doadores de Sangue , China , DNA Viral/análise , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite B , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
10.
J Clin Apher ; 39(1): e22106, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334167

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Donor vein assessment for the selection of good quality veins is crucial for a successful apheresis procedure. This study intends to find out the effectiveness of a vein assessment scoring tool (VST) used and found to be effective in selecting whole blood donors to reduce the difficulty in identifying good quality veins for the plateletpheresis procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study on platelet apheresis donors with the application of a VST consisting of three vein descriptor parameters (vein visibility, vein palpability, and vein size) with 5 Likert-type responses constituting a score of 0-12 for each arm. Two vein assessors independently evaluated the vein in both arms and marked their responses blinded from each other as well from the principal investigator. The scores were then calculated and analyzed at the end of the study for their association with phlebotomy and procedural outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 190 donors were recruited. The mean scores for the arms with successful and failed phlebotomy were 9.1 and 9.4 (SD 2.3), respectively. The intra-class correlation Alpha Cronbach value was 0.834 and 0.837 for total scoring in the left arm and right arm, respectively, between the two assessors. Scores neither showed a correlation with other outcomes like low flow alarms, hematoma formation, number of phlebotomy attempts, and procedure completion. CONCLUSION: The study showed that the vein score tool did not truly predict the phlebotomy outcome in apheresis donors, though there was a good degree of inter-assessor reliability.


Assuntos
Plaquetoferese , Veias , Humanos , Plaquetoferese/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Doadores de Sangue , Flebotomia/métodos
11.
Int J Infect Dis ; 141: 106958, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38373648

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health problem. Risk factors for HBV infection are usually assessed in prevalent rather than incident infections. To identify demographic and behavioral risks associated with incident HBV among South African blood donors. METHODS: A case-control study was performed between November 2014 and January 2018. Cases were blood donors testing positive for HBV DNA with or without hepatitis B surface antigen but negative for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Participants completed an audio computer-assisted structured interview on exposures during the previous 6 months. Sex-specific multivariable logistic regression yielded independent associations between risks and HBV infection. RESULTS: 56 females and 37 males with incident HBV were compared to 438 female and 439 male controls, respectively. For females, risk factors were accepting money or goods for sex, using agents to prepare one's anus prior to anal sex, penetrating injury, non-Black race, and lower educational status. Men reporting homosexual or bisexual orientation or sex with other men, previous injury, referral for HBV testing, or lack of medical insurance were at increased risk. For both sexes, having more than two male sexual partners increased risk. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviors predominated over parenteral exposures as risks for incident HBV in both female and male blood donors.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doadores de Sangue , África do Sul/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B
12.
Transfusion ; 64(3): 493-500, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38348786

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In Australia, a man cannot donate blood if he has had sex with another man within the past 3 months. However, this policy has been criticized as being discriminatory as it does not consider lower risk subgroups, and led to calls for modifications to the policy that more accurately distinguish risk among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used data from a nationally representative survey to estimate the proportion of GBM aged 18-74 years old who would be eligible to donate under current criteria and other scenarios. RESULTS: Among the 5178 survey participants, 155 (3.0%) were classified as GBM based on survey responses, Among the GBM, 40.2% (95% CI 28.0%-53.7%) were eligible to donate based on current criteria, and 21.0% (95% CI 14.5%-29.5%) were ineligible due to the 3 months deferral alone. Eligibility among GBM, all men, and the population increased as criteria were removed. Under the new Australian plasma donation criteria, 73.6% (95% CI 64.4%-81.1%) of GBM, 68.4% (95% CI 65.5%-71.2%) of all men, and 60.8% (95% CI 58.8%-62.8%) of the full population were estimated to be eligible. Only 16.1% (95% CI 8.6%-28.1%) of GBM knew that the male-to-male sex deferral period is 3 months. DISCUSSION: Changing the deferral criteria and sexual risk evaluation would lead to a higher proportion of GBM being eligible to donate blood. Knowledge of the current GBM deferral period is very low. Improved education about the current criteria and any future changes are required to improve blood donation rates.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Masculino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Homossexualidade Masculina , Doação de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Austrália , Comportamento Sexual , Assunção de Riscos
13.
Transfusion ; 64(3): 550-553, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380495

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous emphysema is a condition where air becomes trapped under the skin, typically resulting from surgery or skin trauma. It is mostly localized and its occurrence in blood donors is exceedingly rare. Phlebotomy poses minimal risk of subcutaneous emphysema, but procedural errors may lead to such complications. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This is a case report of 29-year-old repeat blood donor who experienced subcutaneous emphysema following blood donation. The donor was vigorously squeezing sponge ball during donation resulting in displacement of the needle which required readjustment. Post-donation, the donor reported a crackling sensation and mild swelling near phlebotomy site. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans confirmed subcutaneous emphysema, attributing its development to air trapping in subcutaneous plane due to ball valve mechanism. RESULTS: Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed subcutaneous emphysematous changes in the right cubital region and no evidence of hematoma. The swelling spontaneously subsided in 10-12 days without any intervention. The case underscores the importance of differentiating subcutaneous emphysema from common complications like hematoma. DISCUSSION: Subcutaneous emphysema in blood donors is exceptionally rare but should be managed with clear communication. Donors should be reassured that the condition, although rare, is benign and self-resolving. Healthcare providers should be equipped to handle such rare complications, offering appropriate care and documenting incidents for future prevention.


Assuntos
Doação de Sangue , Enfisema Subcutâneo , Humanos , Adulto , Enfisema Subcutâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Enfisema Subcutâneo/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos , Doadores de Sangue , Hematoma/complicações
14.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(8): e37086, 2024 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38394522

RESUMO

Timely transfusion of blood products is crucial, particularly in critical medical situations. Inadequate blood donation rates pose a significant threat to public health, potentially compromising patient care. This study aims to investigate the attitudes and willingness of Syrian college students to engage in blood donation, assess the prevalence of voluntary blood donation, evaluate their understanding of the determinants and procedures involved in the donation process, and identify the key factors influencing their behavior. A cross-sectional study was conducted employing a self-administered questionnaire, distributed in both electronic and hard copy formats among college students. Data analysis was performed using the R Statistical Software. Results were presented in terms of odds ratios (OR), with statistical significance defined at a P value of .05 and a 95% confidence interval. A total of 673 medical students participated in this study, with an average age of 21.6 years. The majority (59.2%) reported a good economic status, and a high level of knowledge (99.7%). A substantial proportion (40.4%) agreed with the notion that blood donation constitutes a personal duty for every eligible individual. Multiple comparison tests revealed a statistically significant P value of .0009716, specifically concerning individuals with low economic status. Our study demonstrates a positive attitude among college students towards voluntary blood product donation. However, the majority have not engaged in voluntary activities unless mandated for specific certification purposes. Donation rates were relatively higher than the reported rates in other similar studies conducted in Middle Eastern countries.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Síria , Doação de Sangue , Estudos Transversais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Doadores de Sangue , Inquéritos e Questionários , Atitude
15.
JMIR Public Health Surveill ; 10: e48617, 2024 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38386403

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of completely voluntary blood donation to maintain safe and sustainable blood supplies. However, the benefits of blood donation for donors, such as reducing the risk of disease, remain a topic of debate due to the existence of the healthy donor effect (HDE). This effect arises because of inherent health differences between blood donors and the general population, and it is also considered a methodological issue. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to generate a more detailed health profile of blood donors from a donor cohort study to mitigate and quantify the HDE and properly interpret the association between blood donation and disease outcomes among blood donors. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2018 among donors before their first donation. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted through a random selection of individuals without any history of blood donation, as reported from their electronic health records. We conducted a Poisson regression between blood donors and non-blood donors before the first donation to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) of selected blood donation-related diseases, as defined by 13 categories of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. RESULTS: Of the 0.6 million blood donors, 15,115 had an inpatient record before their first donation, whereas 17,356 non-blood donors had an inpatient record. For the comparison between blood donors and the matched non-blood donors, the HDE (the disease incidence rate ratio between non-blood donors and blood donors) was an AIRR of 1.152 (95% CI 1.127-1.178; P<.001). Among disease categories not recommended for blood donation in China, the strongest HDE was observed in the ICD-10 D50-D89 codes, which pertain to diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs as well as certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (AIRR 3.225, 95% CI 2.402-4.330; P<.001). After age stratification, we found that people who had their first blood donation between 46-55 years old had the strongest HDE (AIRR 1.816, 95% CI 1.707-1.932; P<.001). Both male and female donors had significant HDE (AIRR 1.082, 95% CI 1.05-1.116; P=.003; and AIRR 1.236, 95% CI 1.196-1.277; P<.001, respectively) compared with matched non-blood donors. CONCLUSIONS: : Our research findings suggest that the HDE is present among blood donors, particularly among female donors and those who first donated blood between the ages of 46 and 55 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200055983; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=51760.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Retrospectivos , China/epidemiologia
16.
J Med Virol ; 96(2): e29476, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38373210

RESUMO

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) count among emerging infections, which represent a major challenge for transfusion safety worldwide. To assess the risk of arboviruses-transmission by transfusion (ATT), we performed a survey to evaluate the potential threat for transfusion safety. Samples were retrospectively and randomly collected from donors who donated during the peak of dengue incidence in Cordoba (years: 2016 and 2019-2022). A cost-efficient strategy for molecular screening was implemented with a nucleic acid test (NAT) configured with Flavivirus and Alphavirus-universal degenerated primers targeting conserved gene regions. Besides, we evaluated the neutralizing antibody (NAb) prevalence by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). A total of 1438 samples were collected. Among the NAT-screened samples, one resulted positive for Flavivirus detection. Subsequent sequencing of the PCR product revealed Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV) infection (GeneBank accession number OR236721). NAb prevalence was 2.95% for anti-Dengue, 9.94% anti-SLEV, 1.09% anti-West Nile Virus, and 0% anti-Chikungunya. One of the NAb-positive samples also resulted positive for IgM against SLEV but negative by ARN detection. This is the first haemovigilance study developed in Argentina that evaluates the potential risk of ATT and the first research to determine the prevalence of NAb against Flavivirus through PNRT to avoid possible cross-reactions between Ab against Flavivirus. Herein, the finding of one SLEV-viremic donor and the detection of anti-SLEV IgM in a different donor demonstrated a potential threat for transfusion safety and emphasized the need for increased vigilance and proactive measures to ensure the safety of blood supplies.


Assuntos
Arbovírus , Encefalite de St. Louis , Flavivirus , Humanos , Arbovírus/genética , Doadores de Sangue , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Flavivirus/genética , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/genética , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Imunoglobulina M
17.
Rev Med Virol ; 34(2): e2525, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38375981

RESUMO

Blood transfusion is a vital procedure, where transfusion-transmitted infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important issue, especially from blood donors with occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a complex entity to detect using surrogate blood biomarkers for intrahepatic viral transcriptional activity, requiring a continually refined battery of tests utilised for screening. This review aims to critically evaluate the latest advances in the current blood biomarkers to guide the identification of OBI donors and discuss novel HBV markers that could be introduced in future diagnostic practice. Challenges in detecting low HBV surface antigen levels, mutants, and complexes necessitate ultrasensitive multivalent dissociation assays, whilst HBV DNA testing requires improved sensitivity but worsens inaccessibility. Anti-core antibody assays defer almost all potentially infectious donations but have low specificity, and titres of anti-surface antibodies that prevent infectivity are poorly defined with suboptimal sensitivity. The challenges associated with these traditional blood HBV markers create an urgent need for alternative biomarkers that would help us better understand the OBI. Emerging viral biomarkers, such as pre-genomic RNA and HBV core-related antigen, immunological HBV biomarkers of T-cell reactivity and cytokine levels, and host biomarkers of microRNA and human leucocyte antigen molecules, present potential advances to gauge intrahepatic activity more accurately. Further studies on these markers may uncover an optimal diagnostic algorithm for OBI using quantification of various novel and traditional blood HBV markers. Addressing critical knowledge gaps identified in this review would decrease the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV infection without compromising the sustainability of blood supplies.


Assuntos
Hepatite B Crônica , Hepatite B , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B , Transfusão de Sangue , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B , Doadores de Sangue , Biomarcadores , DNA Viral
18.
Int J Infect Dis ; 140: 99-101, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307379

RESUMO

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is spreading globally at an uncertain speed. Sexual, mother-to-child, and parenteral exposure are the major transmission routes. Neither vaccines nor antivirals have been developed to confront HTLV-1, despite infecting over 10 million people globally and causing life-threatening illnesses in 10% of carriers. It is time to place this long-neglected disease firmly into the 2030 elimination agenda. Current evidence supports once-in-life testing for HTLV-1, as recommended for HIV, hepatitis B and C, along with targeted screening of pregnant women, blood donors, and people who attended clinics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Similar targeted screening strategies are already being performed for Chagas disease in some Western countries in persons from Latin America. Given the high risk of rapid-onset HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, universal screening of solid organ donors is warranted. To minimize organ wastage, however, the specificity of HTLV screening tests must be improved. HTLV screening of organ donors in Europe has become mandatory in Spain and the United Kingdom. The advent of HTLV point-of-care kits would facilitate testing. Finally, increasing awareness of HTLV-1 will help those living with HTLV-1 to be tested, clinically monitored, and informed about transmission-preventive measures.


Assuntos
Infecções por HTLV-I , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HTLV-I/diagnóstico , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-I/prevenção & controle , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Doadores de Sangue
19.
Biometrics ; 80(1)2024 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364809

RESUMO

Motivated by the problem of accurately predicting gap times between successive blood donations, we present here a general class of Bayesian nonparametric models for clustering. These models allow for the prediction of new recurrences, accommodating covariate information that describes the personal characteristics of the sample individuals. We introduce a prior for the random partition of the sample individuals, which encourages two individuals to be co-clustered if they have similar covariate values. Our prior generalizes product partition models with covariates (PPMx) models in the literature, which are defined in terms of cohesion and similarity functions. We assume cohesion functions that yield mixtures of PPMx models, while our similarity functions represent the denseness of a cluster. We show that including covariate information in the prior specification improves the posterior predictive performance and helps interpret the estimated clusters in terms of covariates in the blood donation application.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Humanos , Teorema de Bayes , Análise por Conglomerados
20.
J Med Virol ; 96(2): e29463, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38345135

RESUMO

We present the case of a breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), intending to warn about the challenge that HBV represents for transfusion safety. Virological markers for HBV infection were assayed during a blood donor screening by detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and viral nucleic acid (HBV DNA) by a nucleic acid test (NAT). Additionally, samples were analyzed for detection of immunoglobulin M anti-HBc, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBs. A first-time donor repeatedly tested positive for HBV DNA by NAT and nonreactive for HBV-serological markers of infection. He stated having completed the anti-HBV vaccination schedule; thus, study of anti-Hbs resulted in reactive at protective level (18 mIU/mL). The donor denied clinical symptoms of hepatitis and remained healthy during the follow-up period. 95 days postdonation, NAT was negative, seroconversion of anti-HBc ab was detected, and a significant increase in anti-HBs concentration was measured (>1000 mIU/mL). This is the first case of HBV-breakthrough infection reported in Argentina and to our knowledge, this potential threat to transfusion safety is novel in an HBV low-endemic region with high coverage of HBV vaccination. The occurrence of breakthrough infections challenges the current protocols for the identification of HBV-infected subjects, could be a source of silent HBV transmission.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B , Masculino , Humanos , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Infecções Irruptivas , Doadores de Sangue , DNA Viral/genética , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B
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