Use of audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance understanding of family medicine among medical students.

Teaching family medicine to medical students is primarily intended to aid in their understanding of the distinctive and significant role that the speciality performs within the healthcare system. Improving medical students' comprehension of family medicine may have an impact on their decision to pursue family medicine as a speciality. It is important to use innovative evidence-based teaching and learning strategies and ensure that medical students receive extra learning opportunities in family medicine. This is a short report highlighting the use of audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance the understanding of family medicine principles among undergraduate medical students attending a private university in Ghana.Contribution: This short report offers family medicine teachers and educators at the undergraduate level an example of how to apply audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance the understanding of family medicine principles among students. The report contributes to the growth of family medicine as a speciality within the African context.

Culturally Adapted Dental Visual Aids Effect on Behavior Management during Dental Visits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

AIM: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by unique behavioral patterns, treating children with ASD in the dental clinic has been a great challenge due to their behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of culturally adapted dental visual aids in modifying behavior patterns during dental visits in children with ASD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled, blinded, randomized, clinical trial, with 64 children diagnosed with ASD, were randomly divided into two groups. The study took place between January 2019 and January 2021. The experimental group was provided with culturally adapted dental visual aids created especially for this research and the control group was provided with universal dental visual aids. The children's behavior patterns were evaluated before and after using the dental visual aids. SPSS v.25 was used to process all the data. RESULTS: Behavior patterns have modified significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.001) however, it was statistically insignificant in the control group (p = 0.077). In terms of behavioral patterns, the experimental group outperformed the control group significantly (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The culturally adapted dental visual aids have shown effectiveness in modifying behavior patterns in children diagnosed with ASD during dental visits. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: By evaluating the impact of culturally adapted visual aids on behavior management, the study can enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of dental care for this vulnerable population, ultimately promoting better oral health outcomes and reducing potential trauma associated with dental visits for children with ASD. How to cite this article: Aljubour AA, AbdElBaki M, El Meligy O, et al. Culturally Adapted Dental Visual Aids Effect on Behavior Management during Dental Visits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):20-28.

The status quo of short videos as a source of health information regarding bowel preparation before colonoscopy.

Background: For high-quality colonoscopies, adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite, closely associated with the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy. Although popular-science short videos can help people quickly access health information, the overall quality of such short videos as a source of health information regarding bowel preparation before colonoscopy is unclear. Therefore, we intend to conduct a cross-sectional study to investigate the quality of bowel preparation information before colonoscopy through short videos taken on TikTok and Bilibili. Methods: The Chinese phrases "colonoscopy" and "bowel preparation" were used as keywords to search for and screen the top 100 videos in the comprehensive rankings on TikTok and Bilibili. The Global Quality Score (GQS) and the modified DISCERN score were used to assess the quality of the information provided in these short videos. Results: A total of 186 short videos were included in this study; 56.5% of them were posted by health professionals, whereas 43.5% of them were posted by nonhealth professionals. The overall quality of these videos was unsatisfactory, with a median DISCERN score of 3 (2-4) and a median GQS of 3 (3-4). The radar maps showed that videos posted by gastroenterologists had higher completeness scores regarding outcomes, management, and risk factors, while nongastroenterologists had higher completeness scores concerning adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation. Additionally, the median DISCERN score and GQS of the videos posted by gastroenterologists were 3 (3-4) and 3 (3-4), respectively, whereas the quality of the videos posted by patients was the worst, with a median DISCERN score of 2 (1-2) and a median GQS of 2 (1.25-3). Conclusion: In conclusion, the overall quality of health information-related videos on bowel preparation before colonoscopy posted on specified short video platforms was not satisfactory. Gastroenterologists provide more information on the outcomes, management, and risk factors for bowel preparation before colonoscopy, while nongastroenterologists focus on adverse effects, symptoms, and definitions of bowel preparation.

Words and numbers: a comparative study of medical and journalism students' descriptors of risk, numeracy and preferences for health risk communication.

BACKGROUND: Given the complementary roles of health professionals and journalists in communicating health risks to patients and the public, there have been calls for physicians to work with journalists to improve the quality of health information received by the public. Understanding the preferences of medical and journalism students for the way in which health risks are communicated and their understanding of words used to describe risk is an important first step to inform interdisciplinary learning. METHODS: Medical and journalism students (n = 203) completed an online survey where they were given qualitative descriptors of risk such as 'a chance', 'probably' and 'unlikely', and asked to assign a number that represents what the word means to them. Different formats of communicating risk (percentages, natural frequency and visual aids) were provided and students were asked to select and explain their preference. A thematic analysis of reasons was conducted. Numeracy and perceived mathematics ability were measured. RESULTS: Numbers assigned to the descriptor 'A chance' had the highest variability for medical students. Numbers assigned to the descriptor 'Probably' had the highest variability for journalism students. Using visual aids was the most popular format for risk communication for both courses (56% of medical students and 40% of journalism students). Using percentages was twice as popular with journalism students compared to medical students (36% vs. 18%). Perceived mathematics ability was lower in students with a preference for natural frequencies and in journalism students, however performance on an objective numeracy scale was similar for all three formats (percentages, natural frequency and visual aids). Reasons for choosing a preferred format included good communication, eliciting a response, or learning style. CONCLUSIONS: Education on health risk communication for medical and journalism students should emphasize the need for qualitative descriptors of risk to be combined with the best available number. Students are already considering their role as future communicators of health risks and open to tailoring the mode of presentation to their audience. Further research is required on the design and evaluation of interdisciplinary workshops in health risk communication for medical and journalism students to maximise the opportunities for future inter-professional working.

Developing and assessing the use of demonstration videos in the preclinical simulation laboratory.

PURPOSE: This study aims to report the development of a preclinical simulation laboratory Demonstration Video Series (DVS) for the 2021-2022 academic year, measure its usage and usefulness, and compare these findings to the usage and usefulness of the existing didactic lecture videos. METHODS: The DVS videos were intended to be viewed before each preclinical simulation laboratory session along with the pre-existing didactic lectures (DL) by University of California San Francisco (UCSF) learners. Usage measurements included the percentage of the class that viewed each video, the number of views that each video received, and the average duration of each video that was watched. Usefulness of the videos was measured by a survey that assessed learner perspective on knowledge and ability to apply that knowledge during the simulation lab exercises. Both usage and usefulness of the DVS were then compared to the usage and usefulness of the DL. Both descriptive statistics and independent sample hypothesis tests were performed to compare the differences in proportion between DVS and DL mediums. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in terms of both usage and usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with DVS being utilized more overall. With an 81% response rate, survey analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the learners' perspectives on the usefulness of the DVS compared to the DL, with a clear preference for the DVS over the DL and an overwhelmingly positive perception of the DVS. CONCLUSION: The DVS was found to be a valuable addition to the preclinical laboratory sessions for first-year learners.

Supporting Student Competencies in Graph Reading, Interpretation, Construction, and Evaluation.

Graphs are ubiquitous tools in science that allow one to explore data patterns, design studies, communicate findings, and make claims. This essay is a companion to the online, evidence-based interactive guide intended to help inform instructors' decision-making in how to teach graph reading, interpretation, construction, and evaluation within the discipline of biology. We provide a framework with a focus on six instructional practices that instructors can utilize when designing graphing activities: use data to engage students, teach graphing grounded in the discipline, practice explicit instruction, use real world "messy" data, utilize collaborative work, and emphasize reflection. Each component of this guide is supported by summaries of and links to articles that can inform graphing practices. The guide also contains an instructor checklist that summarizes key points with actionable steps that can guide instructors as they work towards refining and incorporating graphing into their classroom practice and emerging questions in which further empirical studies are warranted.

Validação do conteúdo de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV / Validación del contenido de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH / Content validation of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p<0,005 significativo na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas. Na segunda análise, os critérios usados para validação de conteúdo apresentaram CVCt de 0,97, com os critérios de objetividade, simplicidade, clareza, relevância, precisão, variedade, credibilidade e equilíbrio, atingindo 100% de aprovação. Conclusão O roteiro foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, mostrando ser um instrumento representativo e pertinente para construção do recurso audiovisual. Ele contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico pois apresenta resultados com rigor metodológico, com inovações no campo da educação em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV.

Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del guion de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH Métodos Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo, norteado por el marco referencial teórico metodológico de la psicometría. La validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en el área temática mediante el uso del método Delphi. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jueces en el primer análisis de validación y siete jueces en el segundo análisis. Resultados Todos los dominios analizados presentaron coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC) >0,80, con un CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistencia interna casi perfecta, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95 % 0,969-0,991] y p<0,005 significativo en la primera ronda de evaluación de los especialistas. En el segundo análisis, los criterios usados para la validación de contenido presentaron un CVCt de 0,97, con los criterios de objetividad, simplicidad, claridad, relevancia, precisión, variedad, credibilidad y equilibrio, con un 100 % de aprobación. Conclusión Se validó el guion en cuanto al contenido, lo que demuestra que es un instrumento representativo y pertinente para la elaboración del recurso audiovisual. Contribuye al avance del conocimiento científico ya que presenta resultados con rigor metodológico, con innovaciones en el campo de la educación para la salud para personas que viven con el VIH.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to validate the script content of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV. Methods This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis. Results All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval. Conclusion The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV.

Impacto de la adición de pictogramas farmacéuticos como ayuda visual sobre la comprensión de prospectos en estudiantes de educación secundaria / Impact of the addition of pharmaceutical pictograms as visual aids on the comprehension of package inserts in students completing secondary education

Introducción: La Atención Farmacéutica requiere que los pacientes comprendan la información brindada. La inclusión de ayudas visuales podría mejorar la comprensión de textos complejos como son los prospectos de los medicamentos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de la inclusión de pictogramas farmacéuticos sobre la comprensión de instrucciones elementales para el uso de medicamentos por estudiantes que finalizan la enseñanza básica. Método: De un total de 309 alumnos participantes, se aleatorizaron 160 para leer tres prospectos de medicamentos de uso frecuente (ibuprofeno, amoxicilina/ácido clavulánico y omeprazol), mientras que 149 recibieron pictogramas junto a los prospectos. La aleatorización fue alterna según la posición de los alumnos en el aula. La comprensión fue estimada mediante cuestiones básicas del uso de medicamentos. Resultados: En el grupo control solo el 38.75% de los alumnos contestaron correctamente cuándo tomar el ibuprofeno en relación a las comidas el 32.25% acertaron cual es la dosis habitual del antibiótico y el 61.88% identificó la indicación del omeprazol. En los tres casos, se encontraron diferencias significativas en favor de la comprensión en el grupo experimental (OR = 1.93; 95% IC, 1.23 – 3.05; p = 0.0041, OR = 3.87; 95% IC, 2.43 – 6.25; p = 10-7 y OR = 3.55; 95% IC, 2.07 – 6.29; p = 3.67x10-5 respectivamente). Conclusiones: La inclusión de pictogramas farmacéuticos en los prospectos es una estrategia sencilla que podría potencialmente favorecer el uso racional del medicamento. (AU)

Introduction: Pharmaceutical Care requires that patients understand the information provided. The inclusion of visual aids could improve the comprehension of complex texts such as drug package inserts. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of pharmaceutical pictograms on the comprehension of elementary instructions for the use of drugs by students completing basic education. Methods: Among a total of 309 participating students, 160 were randomized to read three frequently used drug package inserts (ibuprofen, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and omeprazole), while 149 received pictographs together with the package inserts. Randomization was alternated according to the position of the students in the classroom. Comprehension was estimated by means of basic questions on the use of drugs. Results: In the control group only 38.75% of the students answered correctly when to take ibuprofen in relation to meals, 32.25% were right about the usual dose of the antibiotic and 61.88% identified the indication for omeprazole. In all three cases, significant differences in favor of understanding were found in the experimental group (OR = 1.93; 95% CI, 1.23 - 3.05; p = 0.0041, OR = 3.87; 95% CI, 2.43 - 6.25; p = 10-7 and OR = 3.55; 95% CI, 2.07 - 6.29; p = 3.67x10-5 respectively). Conclusions: The inclusion of pharmaceutical pictograms in package inserts is a simple strategy that could favor potentially the rational use of drugs. (AU)

Uso de videos como material complementario en la enseñanza de la Otorrinolaringología / Otorhynolaryngology image as supplementary teaching material

Introducción y objetivo: Los videos, como material didáctico complementario, pueden reemplazar parte de las horas de docencia y ayudar en la adquisición de conocimientos en Otorrinolaringología. Para ello se pretende analizar el impacto de la visualización de 4 videos en el resultado de 6 preguntas específicas del examen teórico de la asignatura y evaluar la percepción de estos videos. Método: Estudio analítico cuasi experimental transversal realizado en 213 estudiantes de Otorrinolaringología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid divididos en 2 grupos: grupo intervención y grupo control. Las diferencias en el rendimiento en las 6 preguntas entre ambos grupos se determinaron mediante la prueba χ2 o el test exacto de Fisher, con un valor de significación p<0.05. Además, para evaluar la percepción de los estudiantes se revisaron las opiniones registradas en los cuadernos de rotación hospitalaria. Resultados: Los videos tuvieron 883 visualizaciones al momento del análisis de los datos y la mayoría de las opiniones fueron positivas (94.87%). Se observaron diferencias significativas (p<0.01) en el resultado de los estudiantes en dos preguntas: “oído 1” (27.78% de aciertos en el grupo intervención vs. 7.50% en el grupo control) y “cuello 2” (38.89% vs. 81.80%). La mayoría de los comentarios sobre los videos (94.87%) fueron positivos. Discusión y conclusiones: no se pudo demostrar un impacto directo en los resultados académicos pero el fácil acceso a los videos y los comentarios positivos sobre estos evidenciaron su utilidad como una herramienta complementaria para la enseñanza de la asignatura. (AU)

Introduction and objective: Using videos as complementary teaching material can replace part of the teaching hours and be helpful in acquisition of knowledge in Otorhinolaryngology. To evaluate this alternative the impact of visualizations of 4 videos on performance in specific questions of the Otorhinolaryngology exam will be analyzed and students’ perception of these videos will be evaluated. Method: Quasi-experimental analytical study, conducted in 213 students of Otolaryngology of Autonomous University of Madrid divided in two groups (intervention and control). Differences between intervention and control group were analyzed using the chi-square test or the exact Fisher test (p value<0.05 statistically significant). Feedback from students on the videos was collected. Results: The total number of video visualizations was 883. Significant differences were observed (p < 0.01) on performance in question "ear 1" with 27.78% of success rate of the experimental group versus 7.50% of the control group, and in question "neck 2" with 38.89% of success rate of the experimental group compared to 81.80% of the control group. Most opinions about the videos (94.87%) were positive. Discussion and conclusions: No significant impact on performance was found, easy access to videos and positive feedback from students highlight its usefulness as a complementary teaching material to classes in Otorhinolaryngology. (AU)

Vídeos de animación sobre educación en salud relacionada con estomías de eliminación / Vídeos de animação sobre educação em saúde relacionada a estomias de eliminação / Animation videos on health education related to elimination ostomies

Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar videos de animación sobre educación en salud relacionada con estomías de eliminación.Método: Estudio de naturaleza cuantitativa del tipo descriptivo con una etapa de prospección tecnológica en la literatura y en la plataforma de intercambio de videos Youtube.Resultados: El estudio no identificó artículos en la literatura, sin embargo, se identificaron 19 vídeos en youtube, de los cuales los temas más abordados fueron: la confección y definición de colostomía, definición y confección de ileostomía, fabricación de urostomía y causas de fabricación de las estomías de eliminación. La mayoría de las animaciones encontradas en la plataforma estaban en el idioma inglés y ninguna en portugués, revelando la escasez de este material para personas con estomas de eliminación en Brasil.Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: El estudio se limitó a la identificación y caracterización de los vídeos disponibles, alcanzando así parcialmente el objetivo ante la necesidad de otros estudios que aborden esta temática para ayudar a la construcción y validación de un video de animación sobre estomas de eliminación con base en evidencias científicas, de forma que sea utilizado como herramienta de educación en salud. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar e caracterizar vídeos de animação sobre educação em saúde relacionada a estomias de eliminação. Método: Estudo de natureza quantitativa do tipo descritivo com uma etapa de prospecção tecnológicana literatura e na plataforma de compartilhamento de vídeos Youtube. Resultados: O estudo não identificou artigos na literatura, no entanto, foram identificados 19 vídeos no youtube, dos quais os temas mais abordados foram: a confecção e definição de colostomia, definição e confecção de ileostomia, confecção de urostomia e causas de confecção das estomias de eliminação. A maioria das animações encontradas na plataforma estavam no idioma em inglês e nenhuma em português, revelando a escassez deste material para pessoas com estomas de eliminação no Brasil. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: O estudo limitou-se à identificação e caracterização dos vídeos disponíveis, alcançando parcialmente o objetivo, desta forma, salienta-se a necessidade de outros estudos que abordem esta temática para que possa subsidiar a construção e validação de um vídeo de animação sobre estomas de eliminação com base em evidências científicas, de forma que seja utilizado como ferramenta de educação em saúde. (AU)

Objective: To identify and characterize animation videos on health education related to elimination ostomies. Method: Study of quantitative nature of the descriptive type with a stage of technological prospection in the literature and on the Youtube video sharing platform.Results: The study did not identify articles in the literature; however, 19 videos were identified on YouTube, of which the most discussed topics were: the making and definition of colostomy, definition and manufacture of ileostomy, preparation of urostomy and causes of manufacture of elimination ostomies. Most of the animations found on the platform were in English and none in Portuguese, revealing the scarcity of this material for people with elimination stomas in Brazil.Conclusion and implications for practice: The study was limited to the identification and characterization of the available videos, partially reaching the objective, thus, emphasizing the need for other studies that address this issue so that it can support the construction and validation of an animation video on elimination stomas based on scientific evidence, so that it is used as a tool for health education. (AU)

Coordenadoria de Controle Interno

A Coordenadoria de Controle Interno – COCIn é responsável pela coordenação das ações de Ouvidoria; Transparência Passiva e Ativa e Auditoria do SUS no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde – SMS. Ela é composta pelas seguintes divisões: Divisão de Auditoria do SUS; Divisão de Ouvidoria do SUS. Dada as suas atribuições, tem autonomia organizacional e desfruta de reconhecimento, autoridade, interatividade e responsabilidade perante SMS, preservada sua vinculação direta ao titular do órgão.

Disfunción eréctil y YouTube: calidad de los vídeos en español / Erectile dysfunction and YouTube: Quality of videos in Spanish

Introducción: La disfunción eréctil (DE) es una de las enfermedades urológicas más prevalentes, pero los datos de la calidad de su información en redes sociales son escasos. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar la calidad de la información sobre DE contenida en los vídeos de YouTube. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de los 50 primeros vídeos en castellano publicados en YouTube, evaluados por tres urólogos mediante dos cuestionarios validados: Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) y DISCERN, clasificándolos según puntuación DISCERN en calidad pobre y moderada-buena. Resultados: La mediana de duración fue de 2,42 minutos, y la de visualizaciones, de 94.197 (2.313-3.027.890), con 682,5 (0-54.020) «me gusta» y 39 (0-2.843) «no me gusta». La mediana de PEMAT fue del 29% en inteligibilidad y del 29% en factibilidad. Con DISCERN, 27 vídeos (57,4%) fueron de calidad pobre y 20 (42,6%), de calidad moderada-buena. No observamos diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en duración, visualizaciones, número de «me gusta» o de «no me gusta». Sí existieron diferencias en PEMAT de inteligibilidad y de factibilidad. El 86,7% de los protagonizados por personal médico fueron de calidad moderada-buena (p=0,001). El 85,7% de los que describían el tratamiento fueron de calidad moderada-buena y el 84% de los vídeos no médicos fueron de calidad pobre (p=0,001). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los vídeos sobre DE en YouTube son de calidad pobre. Los vídeos de mayor calidad son aquellos realizados por profesionales, aunque no son los más vistos. Sería importante el desarrollo de medidas para evitar la difusión de desinformación entre los usuarios de redes sociales. (AU)

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent urological diseases, but there is limited data about the quality of its information in social networks. The aim of our study was to assess the quality of ED information contained in YouTube videos. Material and methods: Descriptive study of the first 50 Spanish-language videos, published on YouTube, evaluated by three urologists. We used two validated questionnaires: PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) and DISCERN. Videos were classified according to DISCERN score into poor or moderate-good quality. Results: The median time duration was 2.42minutes (0.15-3.58), 94,197 views (2,313-3,027,890), 682.5 «likes» (0-54,020) and 39 «dislikes» (0-2843). The median of PEMAT score was 29% (9%-95.5%) in understandability and 29% (0-95.5%) in actionability. According to DISCERN score 27 videos (57.4%) had poor quality and 20 (42.6%) moderate-good quality. There were no significant differences between the two groups in time duration, views, «likes» or «dislikes». There were differences in PEMAT score in understandability and actionability. The 86.7% of the moderate-good quality videos were starred by health care provider (P=.001). Also, the 85.7% of videos that describes treatment had moderate-good quality (P=.001). The 84% of the non-medical videos had a poor quality (P=.001). Conclusion: Most ED videos on YouTube have poor quality. The highest quality videos are those made by professionals, although they are not the most viewed. It would be important to develop measures to prevent the spread of misinformation among social network users. (AU)

Video-based learning can improve the understanding of pharmacists’ contributions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of pharmacy students in Japan

Backgound: It has been challenging to conduct university education in face-to-face and large group settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, there is a pressing need for online educational videos. Objective: To create educational videos to highlight community pharmacists’ efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and investigate pharmacy students’ awareness of community pharmacists’ efforts. Methods: To assess the importance of five educational videos, we conducted a cross-sectional survey. In July 2020, first-year pharmacy students (n = 120) were invited to watch these educational videos, which dealt with infection control measures for COVID-19 in pharmacies and the questions received from patients on COVID-19. Subsequently, the students were asked to respond to a questionnaire to assess the impact of the videos on them. Results: Seventy percent of the students revealed that after watching the videos, they, for the first time, realized the contributions of community pharmacists toward healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the students reported that their image of the pharmacist profession changed to “a familiar medical professional who is close to patients.” Furthermore, 102 of the participants (85%) were satisfied with the videos and more than 60% said they gave them confidence for their future studies. Conclusions: Creating these five educational videos provided the first-year pharmacy students with an improved understanding of the role played by pharmacists in public health. Through the videos, the role of pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic was particularly highlighted. This helped students feel closer to pharmacists, whose role is rarely reported in the media. Moreover, their future goal of becoming a pharmacist was concretized. (AU)

Improving wound swab collection in paediatric patients: a quality improvement project.

Microbiology sample swabs may be unsuccessful or rejected for a variety of reasons. Typically, errors occur in the preanalytical phase of sample collection. Errors with collection, handling and transport can lead to the need to repeat specimen collection. Unsuccessful specimens contribute to delays in diagnosis, increased patient stress and increased healthcare costs. An audit of sample swabs from London Health Sciences Centre Children's Hospital from August through October 2021 yielded complete success rates of 100% for ear and eye culture swabs, 98.1% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus swabs and 88.9% for wound swabs. This project aimed to improve wound swab success to 95% on the paediatric inpatient and paediatric emergency departments by May 2022.Stakeholders from paediatric clinical services including physicians, nurses and the laboratory medicine team at our centre were engaged to guide quality improvement interventions to improve specimen success rate. Based on feedback, we implemented visual aids to our electronic laboratory test information guide. Additionally, visual reminders of correct sample collection equipment were placed in high traffic areas for nursing staff.After the interventions were implemented, a three-month follow-up showed that wound swab success rate rose to 95.3%. This study achieved its aim of improving wound swab success rate to 95%. It adds to the growing pool of evidence that preanalytical phase intervention such as visual aids can increase swab success rates, in healthcare settings.

Attitudes and usage of visual-aids in graduate student learning of gross anatomy at Makerere University.

Background: The increasing numbers of students studying human anatomy at Makerere University are beginning to overwhelm available resources, which presents challenges in learning and necessitates an evaluation of alternative ways to enhance anatomy learning.The increasing numbers of students overwhelm resources available and presents challenges in learning. This necessitates an evaluation of alternatives to enhance gross anatomy learning at Makerere University College of Health Sciences. The study aimed to assess the usage of visual aids and generate necessary information to enhance learning. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing a concurrent triangulation mixed method design was conducted among 44 graduate students actively participating in cadaveric dissection. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and two focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to summarize data. Results: Most participants were male (77.3%) with a mean age of 31.5 years (SD 3.9, Range, 27-45 years). A majority of graduate students reported using non-traditional methods (online sources) to supplement learning. Students commonly used hard copies of Cunningham Manual of Practical Anatomy (88.6%) supplemented with well-illustrated textbooks (79.5%) and online dissection videos (72.7%). Students expressed most satisfaction with the use of videos and well-illustrated text books in supplementing learning. The availability of these electronic resources was limited by factors such as poor internet connectivity and the need to pay for online licenses and subscription fees. Conclusion: Graduate students in the Department of Anatomy at MakCHS are using non-traditional methods to supplement their learning. However, there are several challenges to accessing digital resources. There is a need to support students with accessing visual aids through integrating newer teaching modalities and modern technology to promote interest and retention of anatomical knowledge.

A novel scale for the evaluation of physician drawn medical illustrations.

Effective communication is a crucial component of patient-centered care and individuals with low health literacy face significant challenges in managing their health, leading to longer hospital stays and worse outcomes. Visual aids, such as medical illustrations and pictograms, can enhance patient understanding and memory retention; however, there is a lack in the medical field of tools for evaluating and improving a physician's ability to draw clinical illustrations for their patient. This article explores an aesthetic scale created in collaboration between Boston University Medical School and the Boston University Fine-Arts department. The scale scores basic design elements that could reasonably be improved in a clinical setting. A pilot study demonstrated interrater reliability between trained artists scoring images of varying concepts and visual quality with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95. This scale has potential use in medical visual education and clinical evaluation.