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1.
World J Surg ; 48(1): 175-185, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436211

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity worsens various gastrointestinal pathologies. While bariatric surgery ameliorates obesity, it substantially modifies the gastrointestinal system depending on surgery type, with limited data on subsequent impact on obesity-related gastrointestinal admissions. METHODS: Using the 2012-2014 Nationwide Readmission Database, we included individuals with obesity who received vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), or hernia repair (HR-control surgery). Our main focus was the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for gastrointestinal inpatient admissions within 6 months following surgery compared to the 6 months preceding it, while controlling for several confounding factors. Gastrointestinal admissions were grouped into postoperative complications or obesity-associated gastrointestinal conditions. RESULTS: Our cohort included 140,103 adults with RYGB, 132,253 with VSG, and 12,436 HR controls. Postoperative gastrointestinal complications were most common after RYGB, prominently obstruction (aOR = 33.17, 95%CI: 18.01, 61.10), and Clostridium difficile infection (aOR: 12.52, 95%CI: 6.22, 25.19). VSG also saw significantly increased but less frequent similar conditions. Notably, for gastrointestinal conditions associated with obesity, acute pancreatitis risk was higher post-VSG (aOR = 6.26, 95%CI: 4.02, 9.73). Post-RYGB patients were most likely to be admitted for cholelithiasis with cholecystitis (aOR: 4.15, 95% CI: 3.24, 5.31), followed by chronic liver disease (aOR: 3.00, 95% CI: 2.33, 3.87). The risk of noninfectious colitis admissions was threefold higher after RYGB and VSG. No gastrointestinal conditions showed an increase after HR. CONCLUSION: Despite weight loss, bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of hepato-pancreatobiliary and colitis admissions related to obesity in the first six postoperative months, with considerable variations in rates of gastrointestinal conditions by surgery type.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Colite , Gastroenteropatias , Pancreatite , Adulto , Humanos , Doença Aguda , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia
3.
J Drugs Dermatol ; 23(3): SF395747s12-SF395747s22, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443135

RESUMO

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease associated with a significant patient burden on quality-of-life. Given skin barrier including skin microbiome changes are linked to AD pathogenesis, prebiotic emollients are shown to improve disease symptoms and maintain skin barrier integrity, normalizing skin microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a prebiotic skincare routine in improving AD and xerosis, and ultimately quality-of-life in ethnically diverse patients. A total of 140 subjects from different racial/ethnic backgrounds, aged 3-80 years old with skin phototypes I-VI, and presenting with mild-AD or severe xerosis completed study. Expert grading, instrumentation, self-assessment questionnaires, plus clinical imaging demonstrated that a prebiotic cleanser and moisturizer routine significantly reduced skin conditions severity, strengthened skin barrier properties in both lesional and normal skin, and improved patients' quality-of-life while providing itch relief as soon as 4 weeks. The results of this research indicate that a prebiotic cleanser and moisturizer regimen offers benefits for diverse patient’s daily skincare routine by effectively managing AD and xerosis severity and symptoms, normalizing skin microbiota, plus preserving skin barrier integrity to prevent long-term sequelae. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23:3(Suppl 2):s12-22.


Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica , Gastroenteropatias , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Pele , Protocolos Clínicos , Difenidramina , Progressão da Doença , Prebióticos
4.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 30, 2024 Mar 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493107

RESUMO

Epithelial damage due to gastrointestinal disorders frequently causes severe disease in horses. To study the underlying pathophysiological processes, we aimed to establish equine jejunum and colon enteroids (eqJE, eqCE) mimicking the in vivo epithelium. Therefore, enteroids were cultivated in four different media for differentiation and subsequently characterized histomorphologically, on mRNA and on protein level in comparison to the native epithelium of the same donor horses to identify ideal culture conditions for an in vitro model system. With increasing enterocyte differentiation, the enteroids showed a reduced growth rate as well as a predominantly spherical morphology and less budding compared to enteroids in proliferation medium. Combined or individual withdrawal of stem cell niche pathway components resulted in lower mRNA expression levels of stem cell markers and concomitant differentiation of enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells. For eqCE, withdrawal of Wnt alone was sufficient for the generation of differentiated enterocytes with a close resemblance to the in vivo epithelium. Combined removal of Wnt, R-spondin and Noggin and the addition of DAPT stimulated differentiation of eqJE at a similar level as the in vivo epithelium, particularly with regard to enterocytes. In summary, we successfully defined a medium composition that promotes the formation of eqJE and eqCE consisting of multiple cell types and resembling the in vivo epithelium. Our findings emphasize the importance of adapting culture conditions to the respective species and the intestinal segment. This in vitro model will be used to investigate the pathological mechanisms underlying equine gastrointestinal disorders in future studies.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias , Doenças dos Cavalos , Animais , Cavalos , Mucosa Intestinal , Intestinos , Diferenciação Celular , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , RNA Mensageiro
5.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(3): 583-591, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504414

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) affects the fibers involved in cutaneous and visceral pain and temperature sensation and are a crucial part of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic dysfunction secondary to SFN and autoimmune receptor antibodies is being increasingly recognized, and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations include constipation, early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Enteric nervous system involvement may be a possible explanation of abnormal GI motility patterns seen in these patients. METHODS: Children suspected to have SFN based on symptoms underwent skin biopsy at the Child Neurology clinic at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, which was processed at Therapath™ Neuropathology. SFN was diagnosed using epidermal nerve fiber density values that were below 5th percentile from the left distal leg (calf) as reported per Therapath™ laboratory. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were diagnosed with SFN. Retrospective chart review was performed, including demographic data, clinical characteristics, and evaluation. A majority of patients were white adolescent females. Autonomic dysfunction, including orthostasis and temperature dysregulation were seen in 61.5% of patients (p = 0.124). Somatosensory symptoms, including pain or numbness were seen in 85% of patients (p < 0.001). GI symptoms were present in 85% of patients (p < 0.001) with constipation being the most common symptom seen in 50% of patients. This correlated with the motility testing results. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with SFN commonly have GI symptoms, which may be the main presenting symptom. It is important to recognize and look for symptoms of small fiber neuropathy in children with refractory GI symptoms that may explain multisystemic complaints often seen in these patients.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias , Neuropatia de Pequenas Fibras , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Neuropatia de Pequenas Fibras/diagnóstico , Neuropatia de Pequenas Fibras/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Pele/patologia , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Biópsia , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/etiologia , Constipação Intestinal/patologia
6.
J Int Med Res ; 52(3): 3000605241233972, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38488658

RESUMO

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is an under-recognized condition characterized by deposition of abnormal monoclonal light chains in tissues, leading to organ dysfunction. LCDD involving the gastrointestinal tract is very uncommon, and its diagnosis is challenging. We herein report two cases of LCDD that manifested as inflammatory bowel disease-like symptoms and protein-losing gastroenteropathy. Both patients were women in their early 60s. Tissue biopsies from the gastrointestinal mucosa demonstrated extracellular deposits, which were negative by Congo red staining but positive for κ-light chain by immunohistochemistry. The recent literature on LCDD was reviewed. When patients unexpectedly show extracellular deposits in gastrointestinal biopsy specimens, evaluation of immunoglobulin chains is recommended for diagnosis of LCDD after systemic amyloidosis has been excluded.


Assuntos
Amiloidose , Gastroenteropatias , Mieloma Múltiplo , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Cadeias Leves de Imunoglobulina , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina , Amiloidose/patologia , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico
7.
Food Funct ; 15(6): 3122-3129, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426554

RESUMO

Little is known regarding the effects of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on insulin resistance (IR) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We aimed to investigate this issue and its mechanism. Sixty female mice were randomly allotted to 4 groups (n = 15): control, high fat diet (HFD), GDM, and GDM + XOS. The control mice were fed an AIN-93 diet, while the mice in the other groups were fed 45% HFD. After pregnancy, mice in GDM and GDM + XOS groups were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg kg-1 streptozocin for 3 days from the first day of pregnancy. Mice in the GDM + XOS group were then fed an HFD containing 2% XOS. Fasting glucose and insulin levels were monitored. The fecal Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk. muciniphila) and Bifidobacterium were measured by qPCR. The Chiu scores were calculated from hematoxylin-eosin (HE)-stained ileal tissues. Phosphorylated Akt in the liver and occludin and ZO-1 in the intestinal tissues were determined by western blotting. XOS reduced (p < 0.05) fasting blood glucose and insulin and HOMA-IR, and increased (p < 0.05) Akt phosphorylation in the livers of GDM mice. Moreover, XOS decreased (p < 0.05) TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-15 and LPS in the serum, increased (p < 0.05) fecal Akk. muciniphila abundance, lowered (p < 0.05) Chiu's scores, and enhanced (p < 0.05) occludin and ZO-1 expression. XOS ameliorate IR by increasing Akk. muciniphila and improving intestinal barrier dysfunction in GDM mice.


Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional , Gastroenteropatias , Glucuronatos , Resistência à Insulina , Enteropatias , Oligossacarídeos , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , Diabetes Gestacional/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Ocludina , Insulina , Akkermansia
8.
Vet Med Sci ; 10(3): e1422, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504628

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cats in Iran are definitive hosts for several zoonotic intestinal helminths, such as Toxocara cati, Dipylidium caninum, Toxascaris leonina, Physaloptera praeputialis and Diplopylidium nolleri. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminth infection in free-roaming cats in southeast Iran, a region with a high free-roaming cat population. METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2021, 153 cadavers of free-roaming cats from Southeast Iran were necropsied for intestinal helminth infections. The carcasses were dissected, and the digestive systems were removed. The esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon were tightly ligated. All adult helminths were collected, preserved and identified. RESULTS: The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth infections was 80.39% (123/153). Of the cats from Kerman, 73% (73/100) were infected with at least one helminth, including D. caninum 70% (70/100), T. leonina 8% (8/100) and P. praeputialis 17% (17/100). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 16% (16/100) and of three species infections was found in 3% (3/100) of the cats. Of the cats from Zabol, 94.33% (50/53) were infected with at least one of the helminths, including D. caninum 69.81% (37/53), T. leonina 11.32% (6/53), P. praeputialis 37.73% (20/53) and T. cati 5.66% (3/53). Concurrent infection with two helminth species was found in 28.3% (15/53), and three species were found in 1.88% (1/53) of the cats. Helminth infections were more prevalent in older cats. There was no association between sex and infection rate. CONCLUSION: Based on the very high prevalence of zoonotic intestinal helminth infections in free-roaming cats in southeast Iran, the potential public health risk emphasizes the need for intersectoral collaboration, particularly the provision of health and hygiene education to high-risk populations, such as pre-school and school-age children.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Gastroenteropatias , Helmintíase Animal , Helmintíase , Helmintos , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Animais , Gatos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Cadáver , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia
9.
Nutr Clin Pract ; 39 Suppl 1: S46-S56, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429964

RESUMO

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is common in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and may lead to significant nutrition compromise. In the setting of cancer cachexia and gastrointestinal toxicities of cancer treatments, untreated (or undertreated) EPI exacerbates weight loss, sarcopenia, micronutrient deficiencies, and malnutrition. Together, these complications contribute to poor tolerance of oncologic therapies and negatively impact survival. Treatment of EPI in PDAC involves the addition of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, with titration to improve gastrointestinal symptoms. Medical nutrition therapies may also be applicable and may include fat-soluble vitamin replacement, medium-chain triglycerides, and, in some cases, enteral nutrition. Optimizing nutrition status is an important adjunct treatment approach to improve quality of life and may also improve overall survival.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina , Gastroenteropatias , Desnutrição , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Pâncreas , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/etiologia , Insuficiência Pancreática Exócrina/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Desnutrição/etiologia , Nutrição Enteral/efeitos adversos , Terapia de Reposição de Enzimas
10.
Nutr Clin Pract ; 39 Suppl 1: S57-S77, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429959

RESUMO

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, genetic, multi-organ disease affecting the respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. CF can affect any aspect of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GI pathophysiology associated with CF results from CF membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. The majority of people with CF (pwCF) experience exocrine pancreatic insufficiency resulting in malabsorption of nutrients and malnutrition. Additionally, other factors can cause or worsen fat malabsorption, including the potential for short gut syndrome with a history of meconium ileus, hepatobiliary diseases, and disrupted intraluminal factors, such as inadequate bile salts, abnormal pH, intestinal microbiome changes, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Signs and symptoms associated with fat malabsorption, such as abdominal pain, bloating, malodorous flatus, gastroesophageal reflux, nausea, anorexia, steatorrhea, constipation, and distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, are seen in pwCF despite the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Given the association of poor nutrition status with lung function decline and increased mortality, aggressive nutrition support is essential in CF care to optimize growth in children and to achieve and maintain a healthy body mass index in adults. The introduction of highly effective CFTR modulator therapy and other advances in CF care have profoundly changed the course of CF management. However, GI symptoms in some pwCF may persist. The use of current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the CF GI tract as well as appropriate, individualized management of GI symptoms continue to be integral components of care for pwCF.


Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Gastroenteropatias , Síndromes de Malabsorção , Desnutrição , Criança , Adulto , Humanos , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/tratamento farmacológico , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/genética , Síndromes de Malabsorção/complicações , Síndromes de Malabsorção/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenteropatias/etiologia , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Desnutrição/complicações
11.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho ; 51(2): 184-186, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38449407

RESUMO

The case is a 73-year-old woman. She visited primary care doctor for abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and melena that persisted for 2 weeks. She was referred to our department because she had an elevated inflammatory response and CT showed a mass in her left upper quadrant. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a tumorous lesion mainly in the splenic flexure of the transverse colon, involving the greater curvature of the stomach, the tail of the pancreas, and the hilus of the spleen, accompanied by abscess formation. We suspected highly advanced colon cancer with multiple organ involvement, but we opted for multiple visceral resection because it was associated with high-grade inflammatory findings due to abscess formation. After she was treated with antibiotics, she underwent laparotomy on the 6th day of illness. Intraoperative findings showed no clear nodular lesions suggesting dissemination in the abdominal cavity and intraoperative washing cytology was negative. Since the mobility of the mass that invaded the posterior wall of the greater curvature of the stomach, the tail of the pancreas, and the splenic hilum centered on the splenic flexure was confirmed, the entire left upper abdominal evisceration was resected by resecting the splenic flexure of the colon, the stomach, the tail of the pancreas, and the spleen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on postoperative day 9. Histopathological examination confirmed invasion of colon cancer into the pancreas, spleen, and retroperitoneum. In this report, we present a case of colon cancer with multi-organ invasion that underwent left upper abdominal evisceration.


Assuntos
Colo Transverso , Neoplasias do Colo , Gastroenteropatias , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Colo Transverso/cirurgia , Abscesso , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Pâncreas
12.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 24(1): 119, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475745

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the common complaints for patient post-surgery. Acupuncture has been employed to improve gastrointestinal function and sleeping quality and has confirmed clinical efficacy for emotional problems. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effect of electroacupuncture for postoperative rapid recovery. METHODS: This study design is a two-arm, parallel, double-blinded randomized controlled trial. 104 subjects, aged from 40 to 89 years old, diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing laparoscopic surgery, will be divided into Interventional Group and Control Group. Patients of both groups receive perioperative care under the guidance of ERAS guidance. The Interventional Group receives electroacupuncture treatment starting from the first day post-surgery for a consecutive 5 days, whereas the Control Group receives placebo electroacupuncture treatment. The primary outcome will be the first flatus time whereas the secondary outcomes will be the first sign of borborygmus, recovery of defecation, laboratory tests and questionnaires including Self-rating anxiety scale, Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test, TCM rating scale of Gastrointestinal symptoms and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scales. DISCUSSION: This study aims to provide timely intervention for post-laparoscopic patients with gastrointestinal tumour using the ERAS concept combined with electroacupuncture, observe the efficacy of this therapy in treating PGID, and contribute reliable scientific evidence for postoperative rapid recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chictr.org.cn Identifier: ChiCTR2300078710. Registered on 15th December 2023.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Eletroacupuntura , Gastroenteropatias , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Laparoscopia , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
15.
Am J Mens Health ; 18(1): 15579883241227333, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38311894

RESUMO

The digestive health of African American/Black male immigrants in the United States has not been previously studied. Much of what is known about gastrointestinal (GI) concerns in this population is based on studies conducted on the overall Black American population. The purpose of this narrative study was to understand how African American/Black male immigrants with GI concerns navigated their GI condition. Fifteen African American/Black male immigrants from various cities in the United States participated in two remote focus groups to discover what motivates them to take control of their illness. Narrative analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Most men, 47% (n = 7), did not have health insurance, and 67% (n = 10) reported their income was less than US$52,000. The themes identified were: (1) lack of knowledge of GI, (2) denial of initial diagnosis, (3) self-discipline, (4) positive provider interactions, (5) health as a priority, and (6) advice to other African American/Black male immigrants experiencing GI. A strengths-based approach is necessary for describing the health-seeking behaviors among African American/Black male immigrants.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , População Negra , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Gastroenteropatias , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , População Negra/psicologia , População Negra/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Focais , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde/etnologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Motivação , Cidades , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/etnologia , Gastroenteropatias/psicologia , Gastroenteropatias/terapia
16.
Zhen Ci Yan Jiu ; 49(2): 208-219, 2024 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38413043

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction(POGD) of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture in the treatment of POGD were retrieved from 7 databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform, WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China Biology Medicine disc. The search period ranged from the inception of the databases to November 10th, 2022. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and the modified Jadad scale. Meta analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4. Regression analysis and bias risk analysis were performed using Stata 16.0. Trial sequential analysis was conducted using TSA 0.9 software. RESULTS: A total of 27 randomized controlled trials involving 2 629 patients were included. Intervention measures included manual acupuncture, electroacupuncture, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation, warm acupuncture, and thumb-tack needle. The results showed that acupuncture treatment significantly reduced time to tolerance of liquid diet after surgery (MD=-13.70, 95% CI=ï¼»-17.94, -9.46ï¼½, P<0.000 01), time to first defecation (MD=-18.20, 95% CI=ï¼»-22.62, -13.78ï¼½, P<0.000 01), time to first flatus (MD=-16.31, 95% CI=ï¼»-20.32, -12.31ï¼½, P<0.000 01), time to bowel sounds recovery (MD=-11.91, 95% CI=ï¼»-14.01, -9.81ï¼½, P<0.000 01), and length of hospital stay (MD=-1.49, 95% CI=ï¼»-2.27, -0.70ï¼½, P=0.000 2). Regression analysis indicated that cancer type, study quality and number of acupuncture were the main sources of heterogeneity. Bias analysis suggested potential publication bias risks. Trial sequential analysis indicated that the required number of cases had been met and the conclusion was reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture is an effective intervention for promoting gastrointestinal recovery in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Further large-sample and well-designed clinical trials are still needed to compare different acupuncture techniques.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Neoplasias Colorretais , Eletroacupuntura , Gastroenteropatias , Humanos , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Eletroacupuntura/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
17.
Syst Rev ; 13(1): 76, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409162

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the effects of bovine colostrum (BC) supplementation on gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is conflicting. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review summarized the findings of clinical trials (CTs) on the effects of BC supplementation on GI diseases. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus, until March 2021 and updated until December 2023. CTs investigated BC's effect on any measurable symptomatic change in terms of GI health as the primary outcome variable or as one of the outcomes in any population eligible for this systematic review. RESULTS: Out of 6881 records, 22 CTs (uncontrolled = 4, cross-over = 1, and parallel = 17) with 1427 patients were enrolled in the systematic review. Diarrhea, the most frequently evaluated symptom (20 interventional arms), was decreased in frequency with BC supplementation in 15 of these arms. However, most studies reported no change in its duration. BC supplementation consistently reduced stool frequency across all seven studies. Abdominal pain relief was noted in four interventional arms but showed no improvement in five others. Assessment of other GI symptoms was limited, yielding inconclusive results. CONCLUSIONS: There is limited evidence on the effects of BC on GI diseases, with mixed findings. More well-designed controlled clinical trials are required to explore its effects.


Assuntos
Colostro , Gastroenteropatias , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Gastroenteropatias/terapia , Diarreia/terapia , Fezes
18.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1839, 2024 Feb 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38424039

RESUMO

Untethered capsules hold clinical potential for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Although considerable progress has been achieved recently in this field, the constraints imposed by the narrow spatial structure of the capsule and complex gastrointestinal tract environment cause many open-ended problems, such as poor active motion and limited medical functions. In this work, we describe the development of small-scale magnetically driven capsules with a distinct magnetic soft valve made of dual-layer ferromagnetic soft composite films. A core technological advancement achieved is the flexible opening and closing of the magnetic soft valve by using the competitive interactions between magnetic gradient force and magnetic torque, laying the foundation for the functional integration of both drug release and sampling. Meanwhile, we propose a magnetic actuation strategy based on multi-frequency response control and demonstrate that it can achieve effective decoupled regulation of the capsule's global motion and local responses. Finally, through a comprehensive approach encompassing ideal models, animal ex vivo models, and in vivo assessment, we demonstrate the versatility of the developed magnetic capsules and their multiple potential applications in the biomedical field, such as targeted drug delivery and sampling, selective dual-drug release, and light/thermal-assisted therapy.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Gastroenteropatias , Animais , Fenômenos Físicos
19.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 2828, 2024 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310151

RESUMO

Ecological niche models (ENMs) serve as valuable tools in assessing the potential species distribution, identifying crucial habitat components for species associations, and facilitating conservation efforts. The current study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) infection in sheep, predict and analyze their ecological niches and ranges, and identify the key bioclimatic variables influencing their distribution across three distinct climatic regions in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 2140 fecal samples were collected from semi-arid (n = 800), arid (n = 500), and humid-subtropical (n = 840) climates in East Azerbaijan, Kerman, and Guilan provinces, respectively. The flotation method was employed to assess stool samples, whereby the fecal egg count (the number of parasite eggs per gram [EPG]) was ascertained for each individual specimen. Employing a presence-only approach, the multi-scale maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method was used to model GINs' habitat suitability using 93 selected points/locations. The findings revealed that Guilan (34.2%) and East Azerbaijan (19.62%) exhibited the utmost proportion of Strongyle-type eggs. East Azerbaijan province also displayed the highest proportion of Marshallagia and Nematodirus, respectively (approximately 40% and 27%), followed by Guilan and Kerman provinces, while Kerman province had the highest proportion of Trichuris (approximately 15%). Ecological niche modeling revealed that the precipitation of the driest quarter (Bio17) exerted the most significant influence on Marshallagia, Nematodirus, Trichuris, and ُSُُُtrongyle-type eggs' presence in East Azerbaijan and Kerman provinces. For Guilan province, the most influential factor defining habitat suitability for Strongyle-type eggs, Marshallagia, and Nematodirus was increasing slope. Additionally, the distribution of Trichuris was most affected by the variable Bio2 in Guilan province. The study highlights the response of GINs to climate drivers in highly suitable regions, providing insights into ecologically favorable areas for GINs. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of GINs and the environmental factors influencing their transmission dynamics.


Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias , Nematoides , Infecções por Nematoides , Trichostrongyloidea , Animais , Ovinos , Entropia , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ecossistema , Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , Trichuris , Algoritmos
20.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ; 25(1): 109, 2024 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310278

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Teriparatide (TPTD) is a widely used anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Several factors have been identified to be related to bone mineral density (BMD) increase in anti-osteoporosis treatment with other agents; however, there has been no systematic analysis to summarize the associated determinants of BMD reaction to daily teriparatide treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we performed a comprehensive investigation involving not only clinical data but also several relevant lifestyle factors to be examined for their potential contribution to BMD response. This post-hoc analysis included 258 post-menopaused patients with osteoporosis who received TPTD at 20 µg/day for 12 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to distinguish the response variables of lumbar spine (LS) BMD transformation, the principal outcome measure of efficacy, from the baseline at 12 months. RESULTS: Twelve months of TPTD treatment resulted in an absolute 0.39 ± 0.37 increase in T-score of LS BMD. Gastrointestinal disease, prior bisphosphonate or glucocorticoid treatment, no vitamin K2 supplementation, low levels of serum 25(OH)D and PINP, weak increment of PINP and ß-CTX at 3 months, unhealthy lifestyle (excessive smoking, tea, coffee, and drinking), vegetarian diet pattern, low ALT level, and high BMD at baseline were determined by univariate analyses to be related to the weak reaction of TPTD treatment (P < 0.10). In the multiple regression model, postmenopausal women with vitamin K2 supplementation, higher baseline serum 25(OH)D level, and higher PINP concentration at 3 months indicated a good reaction of LS BMD at 12 months (P < 0.05). Patients with gastrointestinal disease, prior bisphosphonate and glucocorticoid treatment, vegetarian diet pattern, and higher baseline BMD were significantly more likely to have a lower absolute LS BMD response compared to patients without these characteristics (P < 0.05). Further analysis confirmed the negative effect of unhealthy lifestyle on TPTD treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the significance of a comprehensive assessment of clinical or lifestyle-related characteristics of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the management of TPTD therapy in routine care.


Assuntos
Conservadores da Densidade Óssea , Gastroenteropatias , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa , Osteoporose , Humanos , Feminino , Teriparatida/uso terapêutico , Teriparatida/farmacologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pós-Menopausa , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Densidade Óssea , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico
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