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1.
Clín. salud ; 35(1): 5-12, Mar. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231077

RESUMO

Background: Adolescence is marked by changes such as sleep and health behaviors. This study analyzed the relationships and differences on excessive daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depression symptoms, sleep habits, family sleep behaviors, sleep quality and health behaviors in adolescents including the moderating effect of adolescents’ age and gender. Method: The sample included 272 adolescents, 58% being female. Results: Girls and older adolescents reported worse sleep quality. Older adolescents reported healthier behaviors. Female gender, having a family member with sleep quality problems, coffee intake, anxiety and depression symptoms, daytime sleepiness, and family sleep behaviors contributed to worse sleep quality. Father’s alcohol consumption, anxiety and depression symptoms and family sleep behaviors contributed to adolescents’ sleep habits. Being a girl and an older adolescent were moderators in the relationship between the presence of excessive daytime sleepiness and worse sleep quality. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of health promotion programs regarding sleep quality.(AU)


Antecedentes: La adolescencia está marcada por los cambios en el sueño y comportamientos referidos a la salud. Este estudio analizó las relaciones y diferencias en la somnolencia diurna excesiva, los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, los hábitos de sueño, los comportamientos de sueño familiares, la calidad del sueño, los comportamientos de salud en adolescentes, incluido el efecto moderador de la edad y el sexo de los adolescentes. Método: La muestra de este estudio estaba compuesta por 272 adolescentes, siendo el 58% de sexo femenino. Resultados: Las niñas y los adolescentes mayores indicaron una peor calidad del sueño. Los adolescentes mayores manifestaron comportamientos más saludables. Ser de sexo femenino, tener un familiar con problemas de sueño, consumir café, tener síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, así como somnolencia diurna y conductas de sueño familiares se asocian con una peor calidad del sueño. El consumo de alcohol del padre, los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y las conductas de sueño familiares se asocian con los hábitos de sueño de los adolescentes. Ser niña y adolescente de mayor edad modera la relación entre la presencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva y peor calidad del sueño. Conclusiones: Los resultados resaltan la importancia de los programas de promoción de la salud en relación con la calidad del sueño.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Ansiedade , Depressão , Distúrbios do Sono por Sonolência Excessiva , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia do Adolescente , Saúde do Adolescente , Portugal
2.
Clín. salud ; 35(1): 27-33, Mar. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231080

RESUMO

Background: Stigma toward child and adolescent mental health problems among parents has been understudied, despite its importance. Method: Sociodemographic variables, stigma associated with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence, myths about suicide, familiarity with mental health, and seeking professional help were assessed in a cross-sectional study in a Spanish sample (N = 268). Descriptive analyses, mean difference and regression models were carried out. Results: The results reveal medium levels of stigma, the presence of myths about suicide and average familiarity with mental health. Mothers and a higher level of education, showed lower levels of stigma and fewer myths about suicide. A regression model explains the 44% of the variance with myths about suicide, stigma and familiarity with mental health as predictors of seeking professional help attitudes. Conclusions: Stigma, myths surrounding suicide, and parental unfamiliarity with mental health may act as barriers to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed.(AU)


Antecedentes: La estigmatización de los problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes en los padres y madres no se ha estudiado lo suficiente a pesar de su importancia. Método: Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, el estigma asociado con los problemas de salud mental en la infancia y la adolescencia, mitos sobre el suicidio, conocimiento de la salud mental y la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en un estudio exploratorio transversal en una muestra española de padres y madres (N = 268). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de diferencia de medias y modelos de regresión. Resultados: Los resultados revelan un nivel medio de estigma, la presencia de mitos sobre el suicidio y un conocimiento medio con la salud mental. Las madres y un mayor nivel educativo mostraron menores niveles de estigma y menos mitos sobre el suicidio. El 44% de la varianza de la búsqueda de ayuda profesional se explica a través de los mitos sobre el suicidio, el estigma y el conocimiento de la salud mental como predictores de las actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda profesional. Conclusiones: Se establecen recomendaciones prácticas, subrayando cómo el estigma, los mitos sobre el suicidio y la falta de conocimiento de los progenitores de la salud mental pueden actuar como barreras para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y las recomendaciones.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Saúde da Criança , Saúde do Adolescente , Estereotipagem , Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio , Estudos Transversais , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia da Criança , Psicologia do Adolescente
3.
Psychiatry Res ; 334: 115827, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38442478

RESUMO

The scope of lethal means exposure (i.e. guns, intravenous drugs, prescription drugs) relative to depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents is not well described. Using the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES), we found lethal means exposure increased in a dose dependent manner with increasing depressive symptoms, adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Adolescent males were more than 6 times more likely to have exposure to guns and intravenous drugs compared to adolescent females.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Depressão/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Ideação Suicida
4.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 21(1): 33, 2024 Mar 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515105

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Early motor development has been found to be a predictor of exercise behavior in children and adolescents, but whether this reflects a causal effect or confounding by genetic or shared environmental factors remains to be established. METHODS: For 20,911 complete twin pairs from the Netherlands Twin Register a motor development score was obtained from maternal reports on the timing of five motor milestones. During a 12-year follow-up, subsamples of the mothers reported on the twins' ability to perform seven gross motor skills ability (N = 17,189 pairs), and weekly minutes of total metabolic equivalents of task (MET) spent on sports and exercise activities at age 7 (N = 3632 pairs), age 10 (N = 3735 pairs), age 12 (N = 7043 pairs), and age 14 (N = 3990 pairs). Multivariate phenotypic and genetic regression analyses were used to establish the predictive strength of the two motor development traits for future exercise behavior, the contribution of genetic and shared environmental factors to the variance in all traits, and the contribution of familial confounding to the phenotypic prediction. RESULTS: Significant heritability (h2) and shared environmental (c2) effects were found for early motor development in boys and girls (h2 = 43-65%; c2 = 16-48%). For exercise behavior, genetic influences increased with age (boys: h2age7 = 22% to h2age14 = 51%; girls: h2age7 = 3% to h2age14 = 18%) paired to a parallel decrease in the influence of the shared environment (boys: c2age7 = 68% to c2age14 = 19%; girls: c2age7 = 80% to c2age14 = 48%). Early motor development explained 4.3% (p < 0.001) of the variance in future exercise behavior in boys but only 1.9% (p < 0.001) in girls. If the effect in boys was due to a causal effect of motor development on exercise behavior, all of the factors influencing motor development would, through the causal chain, also influence future exercise behavior. Instead, only the genetic parts of the regression of exercise behavior on motor development were significant. Shared and unique environmental parts of the regression were largely non-significant, which is at odds with the causal hypothesis. CONCLUSION: No support was found for a direct causal effect in the association between rapid early motor development on future exercise behavior. In boys, early motor development appears to be an expression of the same genetic factors that underlie the heritability of childhood and early adolescent exercise behavior.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Meio Ambiente , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Gêmeos/genética , Exercício Físico , Mães
5.
Evol Psychol ; 22(1): 14747049241241432, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38528754

RESUMO

While a wealth of research has focused on testing several arguments from Moffitt's developmental taxonomy of antisocial behavior-mainly the presence of life-course-persistent vs. adolescence-limited offending and predictors of each trajectory-much less attention has been devoted to examining how evolutionarily adaptive lifestyle factors common during adolescence may condition the relationship between the maturity gap and delinquent offending. One factor that may play a role during this period of development is alcohol use, as many adolescents begin to experiment with consuming alcohol in varying degrees in social settings to model adult-like behaviors. Yet presently much is unknown about the role of alcohol use on the association between the maturity gap and delinquency. The current study aims to address this void in the literature by analyzing data from a U.S. sample of adolescent males (N = 1,276) to assess whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between the maturity gap and delinquent behavior. Findings suggest that the maturity gap is associated with delinquent behavior and that the association becomes weaker at higher levels of alcohol use. The implications of these findings for Moffitt's maturity gap thesis and male offending from an evolutionary perspective are discussed.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Delinquência Juvenil , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Evolução Biológica , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia
6.
Aggress Behav ; 50(2): e22139, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38348515

RESUMO

Peer victimization typically peaks in early adolescence, leading researchers to hypothesize that pubertal timing is a meaningful predictor of peer victimization. However, previous methodological approaches have limited our ability to parse out which puberty cues are associated with peer victimization because gonadal and adrenal puberty, two independent processes, have either been conflated or adrenal puberty timing has been ignored. In addition, previous research has overlooked the possibility of reverse causality-that peer victimization might drive pubertal timing, as it has been shown to do in non-human primates. To fill these gaps, we followed 265 adolescents (47% female) prospectively across three-time points (Mage : T1 = 9.6, T2 = 12.0, T3 = 14.4) and measured self-report peer victimization and self- and maternal-report of gonadal and adrenal pubertal development on the Pubertal Development Scale. Multilevel modeling revealed that females who were further along in adrenal puberty at age 9 were more likely to report peer victimization at age 12 (Cohen's d = 0.25, p = .005). The relation between gonadal puberty status and peer victimization was not significant for either sex. In terms of the reverse direction, the relation between early peer victimization and later pubertal development was not significant in either sex. Overall, our findings suggest that adrenal puberty status, but not gonadal puberty status, predicted peer victimization in females, highlighting the need to separate gonadal and adrenal pubertal processes in future studies.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Vítimas de Crime , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Puberdade , Grupo Associado
7.
Cien Saude Colet ; 29(2): e03342023, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38324822

RESUMO

This article evaluated the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior (RSB) among Brazilian school adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study with data collected from the National Survey of School Health, 2019 edition, with a representative sample of 7th grade of elementary school to 3rd year of high school Brazilian school adolescents. This work evaluated sociodemographic, behavioral, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, sociability characteristics, medical advice received at school, and body image. RSB was characterized as the non-use of a condom during sexual intercourse. The data were analyzed using hierarchical Poisson regression modeling. The prevalence of RSB was of 40.3%, with the lowest proportion appearing in the North region (37.4%). The highest prevalence of RSB was found among female adolescents, whose first sexual intercourse occurred at 13 years of age or under, who were victims of sexual violence, who practiced bullying, and who used illicit drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. Those who used a condom during their first sexual intercourse showed the lowest prevalence of RSB. The high prevalence of RSB among Brazilian school adolescents, together with the knowledge of the associated factors, serves to define strategies to favor improvements in the sexual and reproductive health of these young people.


O artigo avaliou a prevalência e fatores associados ao comportamento sexual de risco (CSR) de adolescentes escolares do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2019, com amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares brasileiros do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. Foram avaliadas características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, de saúde mental e de sociabilidade, orientações recebidas na escola e autoimagem corporal. Caracterizou-se o CSR como o não uso de preservativo na última relação sexual. Os dados foram analisados por modelo hierarquizado com regressão robusta de Poisson. A prevalência de CSR foi de 40,3%, com menor proporção na região Norte (37,4%). Houve maior prevalência do CSR entre adolescentes do sexo feminino, cuja primeira relação sexual ocorreu com 13 anos ou menos, que foram vítimas de violência sexual, que praticaram bullying e que usaram drogas ilícitas, cigarro e álcool. Aqueles que usaram preservativo na primeira relação sexual apresentaram menor prevalência de CSR. A alta prevalência de CSR entre adolescentes escolares no Brasil, aliada ao conhecimento dos fatores associados, deve propiciar o estabelecimento de estratégias para favorecer a melhoria na saúde sexual e reprodutiva desses jovens.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual , Assunção de Riscos
8.
J Prev Med Public Health ; 57(1): 18-27, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38327013

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between exacerbated economic hardship during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and changes in the health behaviors of Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and included 44 908 students (22 823 boys and 22 085 girls) as study subjects. The dependent variables included changes in health behaviors (breakfast habits, physical activity, and alcohol use) that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aggravation of economic hardship by COVID-19 and the subjective economic status of the family were used as exposure variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was utilized to calculate the prevalence odds ratios (PORs). RESULTS: Severe exacerbation of a family's economic hardship due to COVID-19 was negatively associated with the health behaviors of adolescents, including increased breakfast skipping (POR, 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55 to 2.21 for boys and POR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.92 for girls) and decreased physical activity (POR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.57 for boys and POR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.60 for girls). These negative changes in health behaviors were further amplified when combined with a low subjective family economic status. CONCLUSIONS: The experience of worsening household hardship can lead to negative changes in health behavior among adolescents. It is crucial to implement measures that address the economic challenges that arise from stressful events such as COVID-19 and to strive to improve the lifestyles of adolescents under such circumstances.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , COVID-19 , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , Estresse Financeiro , Saúde do Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Assunção de Riscos , República da Coreia/epidemiologia
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(862): 377-381, 2024 Feb 21.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380658

RESUMO

The period between the ages of 0 and 25 is a crucial phase in human development, during which many aspects of physical, psychological, personality, behavioral and health development take place. Important neurobiological changes during adolescence play a key role in their natural propensity to seek reward, putting them at greater risk of different kind of addictive behaviours. In addition, childhood adversity can foster the emergence of vulnerabilities which, for some, increases the risk of addiction by the time they reach adolescence. This article describes the normal development of the brain from childhood to adulthood, and its influence on addictive behaviours.


La période entre 0 et 25 ans est une phase cruciale du développement humain, au cours de laquelle de nombreux aspects physiques, psychologiques, de la personnalité, du comportement et de la santé se forment. D'importants changements neurobiologiques durant l'adolescence jouent un rôle essentiel dans la propension naturelle des jeunes à rechercher la récompense, ce qui les rend plus à risque de différents types de comportements addictifs. De plus, l'adversité rencontrée pendant l'enfance peut favoriser l'émergence d'une vulnérabilité augmentant, pour certains, le risque d'addictions lorsqu'ils atteignent l'adolescence. Cet article décrit le développement normal du cerveau de l'enfance à l'âge adulte ainsi que l'influence de ce dernier sur les comportements en lien avec les addictions.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Aditivo , Humanos , Adolescente , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Comportamento Aditivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Encéfalo , Personalidade , Recompensa , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia
10.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(862): 396-399, 2024 Feb 21.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380661

RESUMO

Digital media and screens are ubiquitous in the daily lives of adolescents. The screen-addicted portrait of young people has gained public attention, and health professionals are often consulted about the impact of screen use on teenagers' physical and mental health. Scientific evidence suggests that screen use is associated with risks and benefits that need to be weighed up in a nuanced way. This paper takes a critical look at the issue of screen time and at the models for understanding a problematic screen use. These considerations underline the importance of adopting a contextual understanding of screen use in adolescence.


Les médias numériques sont omniprésents dans la vie quotidienne des adolescent-es. La figure de l'adolescent-e « addict-e ¼ aux écrans est devenue un sujet de préoccupation dans l'opinion publique et il est fréquent que les professionnel-les de la santé soient sollicité-es pour répondre aux interrogations sur l'impact de l'utilisation des écrans sur la santé mentale et physique des jeunes. Les données scientifiques indiquent que l'usage des écrans est associé à des risques et des bénéfices qu'il s'agit d'évaluer de manière nuancée. Dans cet article, nous discutons en particulier et de façon critique du temps d'écran et des modèles de compréhension de l'usage problématique de celui-ci. Ces réflexions nous amènent à souligner l'importance d'adopter une compréhension contextualisée de cet usage à l'adolescence.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Internet , Humanos , Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Tempo de Tela , Exame Físico
11.
Syst Rev ; 13(1): 75, 2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409098

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescent multiple risk behaviour (MRB) is a global health issue. Most interventions have focused on the proximal causes of adolescent MRB such as peer or family influence, with systematic reviews reporting mixed evidence of effectiveness. There is increasing recognition that community mobilisation approaches could be beneficial for adolescent health. There are gaps in the current literature, theory and implementation that would benefit from a realist approach. We use a theory-driven evidence synthesis to assess how and why community mobilisation interventions work/do not work to prevent adolescent MRB and in what contexts. METHODS: This realist review used a six-stage iterative process, guided by the RAMESES framework. We systematically searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Sociological Abstracts, from their inception to 2021. Studies were screened for relevance to the programme theory, assessed for rigour and included based on a priori criteria. Two independent reviewers selected, screened and extracted data from included studies. A realist logic of analysis was used to develop context-mechanism-outcome configurations that contributed to our programme theory. FINDINGS: We reviewed 35 documents describing 22 separate community mobilisation intervention studies. Most studies (n = 17) had a quality assessment score of three or four (out of four). We analysed the studies in relation to three middle range theories. To uphold our theory that these interventions work by creating a social environment where adolescents are less likely to engage in MRB, interventions should: (1) embed a framework of guiding principles throughout the community, (2) establish community readiness with population data and (3) ensure a diverse coalition with the support of intervention champions. Mechanisms such as empowerment through coalition ownership over the delivery of the intervention, cohesion across the community and motivation to work collaboratively to improve adolescent health are triggered to achieve social environment shifts. However, certain contexts (e.g. limited funding) restrict intervention success as these mechanisms are not fired. CONCLUSIONS: For community mobilisation interventions to reduce adolescent MRB, the coalitions within them must seek to alter the social environment in which these behaviours occur. Mechanisms including empowerment, cohesion and motivation lead to this shift, but only under certain contexts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020205342.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Motivação , Humanos , Adolescente , Assunção de Riscos , Saúde do Adolescente
12.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health ; 56(1): 16-29, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38391121

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Gang-involved youth experience greater disparities in sexual health compared to non-gang-involved youth. Yet, little is known about how and why sexual behaviors vary within the youth gang population. Developing relevant and effective service approaches requires an understanding of this variation and the environmental factors that influence patterns of sexual health risk. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: Using latent class analysis, we identified four sexual behavior classes within a school-based sample of gang-involved youth in Washington State (N = 2060): Non-Sexually Active (54%), Limited Partners with Condom Use (14%), Multiple Partner with Sexting (19%), and High Sexual Vulnerability (13%). These classes were distinguished by age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners, condom use, and sexting. Interpersonal and macrosocial factors differentiated the classes, including multiform violence exposures, limited social support, and socioeconomic instability. We also found differences according to sexual identity and substance use. DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the need for service approaches that are responsive to both the individual needs of gang-involved youth and the factors that shape their living environments. We discuss the implications for research and practice, including the potential utility of a harm reduction framework to promote sexual health and reduce disparities in the youth gang population.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Saúde Sexual , Humanos , Adolescente , Washington , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Assunção de Riscos
14.
Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw ; 27(3): 187-193, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38315774

RESUMO

Social media have transformed peer relationships among adolescents, providing new avenues to attain online status indicators such as likes and followers. This study aimed to explore the associations between various dispositional and social factors and digital status-seeking behaviors among a sample of adolescents (N = 731; Mage = 14.69, 48.7 percent female), as well as explore potential gender differences in the examined associations. Sociometric nominations for digital status-seeking, likeability, and popularity were collected, and participants self-reported their social media use frequency, awareness of social media positivity bias, reward sensitivity, and gender. The findings revealed a positive relationship between sociometric popularity and digital status-seeking, whereas likeability displayed a negative association with digital status-seeking. These results emphasize the importance of distinguishing between different social status indicators in understanding online behaviors. Reward sensitivity did not show a significant link to digital status-seeking, and awareness of social media positivity bias heightened the likelihood of being nominated as a digital status-seeker. These findings underscore the need for further research, especially focusing on girls who appear to be more vulnerable to engaging in digital status-seeking behaviors.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Grupo Associado , Emoções , Desejabilidade Social , Autorrelato
15.
Dev Psychol ; 60(4): 778-790, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38190214

RESUMO

The present study examined how friends' responses to each other during problem talk predicted depressive symptoms over time. Participants included 271 adolescent friend dyads (69 female and 69 male early adolescent dyads; 72 female and 61 male middle adolescent dyads; 66.4% White and 26.6% Black). The adolescents were observed discussing a problem with the friend and reported on depressive symptoms at the time of observation and 9 months later. Friends' responses were coded into one of nine response type categories (i.e., four positive/engaged response types, one neutral response type, and four negative/disengaged response types). Actor-partner interdependence models revealed significant actor and partner effects for both positive and negative responses. Notably, receiving and/or producing positive/engaged responses, including saying something supportive, sharing related experiences, and asking questions, were associated with lower depressive symptoms over time. Receiving and/or producing negative/disengaged responses, including sharing one's own experience in a distracting way, changing the subject, saying something unsupportive or minimizing the problem, and saying nothing at all heightened risk for depressive symptoms. Additionally, significant Actor × Partner interactions revealed that greater differences between the friends in the degree to which they produced supportive responses were associated with increased depressive symptoms and that both friends saying nothing at all was associated with increased depressive symptoms. When gender and grade differences were found, the associations typically were particularly strong for middle-adolescent girls. These results highlight the importance of attending to friends' specific behaviors in social support contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Amigos , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Depressão
16.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(2): 457-469, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38167990

RESUMO

We examined whether a housing voucher intervention influenced adolescent risky sexual behavior (RSB) across 15 years in the Moving to Opportunity Study. Low-income families in public housing that resided in 5 cities were randomized to one of three treatment groups: a housing voucher to move to low-poverty neighborhoods (i.e., < 10% poverty rate), a Sect. 8 voucher but no housing relocation counseling, or a control group that could remain in public housing. Youth and their caregivers completed baseline surveys, as well as two uniform follow-ups: interim (2001-2002; 4-7 years after baseline) and final (2008-2010; 10-15 years after baseline). Approximately 4,600 adolescents (50.5% female) aged 13-20 years participated at the final timepoint. Adolescents reported on their RSB, including condom use, other contraceptive use, early sexual initiation (< 15 years old), and 2+ sexual partners in the past year. We modeled each indicator separately and as part of a composite index. We tested baseline health vulnerabilities as potential effect modifiers. The low-poverty voucher group and the Sect. 8 voucher group were combined due to homogeneity of their effects. Applying intent-to-treat (ITT) regression analyses, we found no significant main effects of voucher receipt (vs. control) on any RSB. However, we found protective effects of voucher receipt on RSB among youth with health problems that limited activity, and youth < 7 at baseline but adverse effects among females, youth > 7 at baseline, and youth who were suspended/expelled from school. Results highlight the importance of understanding how housing interventions differentially influence adolescent health and behaviors.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Habitação , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Masculino , Habitação Popular , Características de Residência , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Pobreza , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia
17.
Child Abuse Negl ; 149: 106646, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38266582

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Externalizing problems among adolescents are prevalent, which are associated with a range of maladaptive developmental outcomes. Existing studies investigated the influence of childhood trauma, and attentional control on and how sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is related to adolescents' externalizing problems. However, it is unknown whether attentional control plays a mediating role in the relationships between childhood trauma and adolescents' externalizing problems, and whether SPS plays a moderating role in these relationships. The present study examined these issues with a six-month-interval longitudinal study design. METHODS: A total of 1933 junior school students (Grade 7, Mage = 12.82, 47.7 % girls) from a large follow-up project in a city of eastern China participated in the study. After half a year (wave 2), the data of 1890 participants (Grade 8) were collected. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Attentional Control Scale (ACS-C), Highly Sensitive Child Scale (HSCS), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-YSR) were administered to the participants to assess their childhood trauma, attentional control, SPS, and externalizing problems in two waves. The immediate and longitudinal moderated mediation models were utilized to investigate the relationships among these factors. RESULTS: Childhood trauma significantly and positively predicted adolescents' externalizing problems. Attentional control played an immediate and longitudinal mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and externalizing problems. SPS moderated the relationship between childhood trauma and adolescents' attentional control. Childhood trauma had a greater effect on the attentional control of adolescents with SPS levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that childhood trauma might impair adolescents' attentional control and then increase their externalizing problems. The influence of childhood trauma on attentional control is more serious among adolescents with lower SPS levels. Therefore, decreasing and preventing childhood trauma and building a warm nurturing environment might be beneficial to improving adolescents' attentional control ability and then reduce their externalizing problems.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Experiências Adversas da Infância , Testes Psicológicos , Autorrelato , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Estudos Longitudinais , Projetos de Pesquisa
18.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(3): 1115-1128, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38216785

RESUMO

The present study investigated the moderating effect of adolescent demographic variables in the longitudinal associations among different types of sexting, mental health (i.e., depression, self-harm, subjective health complaints), and sexual risk behaviors. There were 1113 adolescents (ages 14-17 years; Mage = 16.36; SDage = .81; 50% female) from six high schools located in the United States included in this study. Adolescents completed questionnaires on their sexting behaviors, mental health, and sexual risk behaviors during the ninth grade; in tenth grade, they completed questionnaires on mental health and sexual risk behaviors. Non-consensual sexting and pressured sexting were both related positively to each of the mental health variables and sexual risk behaviors. The relationship between non-consensual sexting and depressive symptoms was stronger for girls, ethnic minorities, those adolescents with disabilities, and sexual minorities. Similar patterns were found for pressured sexting, non-suicidal self-harm, and subjective health complaints. The relationships between pressured sexting and sexual risk behaviors were stronger for girls, ethnic minorities, those adolescents with disabilities, and those who identified as sexual minorities. Research focused on the relationships among different types of sexting, mental health, and sexual risk behaviors is important as such research facilitates the development of evidence-based recommendations for sexting harm prevention and sexual education programs.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Envio de Mensagens de Texto , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Saúde Mental , Etnicidade , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia
19.
J Community Psychol ; 52(2): 326-343, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38235840

RESUMO

The aim of this study is to explore young people's perspectives on the factors that facilitate or inhibit empathy and prosocial responding among youth. Qualitative focus groups (n = 29) were undertaken with Irish young people aged 13-17 years relating to their views on the factors that facilitate or inhibit the expression of empathy. Parents, friends, and social media were found to be key influences, whereas barriers identified included societal norms, gender norms, lack of skill, or knowledge and target characteristics. This research provides important insights into adolescents' perceptions of the social correlates of empathy. Concepts from the sociology of empathy, such as empathy maps and paths, are helpful in drawing out the implications for future research and practice.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Empatia , Humanos , Adolescente , Normas Sociais , Amigos , Grupos Focais
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