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1.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 103-109, Ene-Abri, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229032

RESUMO

Objetivos: Con frecuencia se ha informado que la adicción al teléfono móvil (MPA) está correlacionada con trastornos psicológicos como la depresión, el estrés y la ansiedad entre la población joven. Sin embargo, el grado en que estos factores se correlacionan con el AMP y el mecanismo potencial subyacente a esas relaciones son concluyentes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la asociación entre el nivel de AMP y la ansiedad social entre adolescentes chinos y examinó el efecto de mediación de los problemas interpersonales entre ellos. Métodos: Una muestra de 1027 estudiantes escolares seleccionados mediante un método de muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados estratificados respondió a cuestionarios sobre el índice MPA, la escala de ansiedad por interacción social, el inventario de problemas interpersonales y variables demográficas. Se realizaron análisis de correlación de Spearman y de regresión lineal múltiple para investigar el alcance de la asociación entre la AMP y la ansiedad social, y la prueba de Sobel y el muestreo de arranque confirmaron el papel mediador de los problemas interpersonales. Resultados: De todos los estudiantes de nuestro estudio, el 5,9% tenían AMP, y la puntuación de AMP se correlacionó positivamente con la ansiedad social después de controlar las variables demográficas en el modelo ajustado. El análisis de regresión de mediación múltiple reveló que el problema interpersonal era un mediador parcial significativo entre la AMP y la ansiedad social. Conclusión: Los adolescentes del AMP fueron un subgrupo de población que necesita prestar más atención para prevenir la ansiedad social. Mejorar los problemas interpersonales podría ser un enfoque eficaz para abordar la ansiedad social inducida por el AMP en los adolescentes.(AU)


Objectives:Mobile phone addiction (MPA) has frequently report-ed to be correlated with psychological disorders such as depression, stress and anxiety among young population. However, the extent to which these factors are correlated with MPA and the potential mechanism underlying those relationships are conclusive. This study aimed to investigate the as-sociation between MPA level and social anxiety among Chinese adoles-cents, and examined the mediation effect of interpersonal problems be-tween them.Methods:A sample of 1027 school-based students selected by a stratified-cluster random sampling method responded to questionnaires re-garding MPA Index, Social Interaction Anxiousness Scale, Interpersonal Problems Inventory, and demographic variables. Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the extent of the association between MPA and social anxiety, and Sobel test and bootstrapping sampling confirmed the mediating role ofinterpersonal problems.Results:Of all students in our study, 5.9% were MPA, and MPA score was positively correlated with social anxiety after controlled for de-mographic variables in the adjusted model. Multiple mediation regression analysis revealed that the interpersonal problem was a significant partial mediator between MPA and social anxiety.Conclusion:The MPA adoles-cents were a subgroup population who need to pay more attention to pre-vent social anxiety. Improving interpersonal problems might be aneffec-tive approach to deal with MPA-induced social anxiety in adolescents.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Ansiedade , Relações Interpessoais , Depressão , Estresse Psicológico , Psicologia do Adolescente , China , Psicologia , Psicologia Social
2.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 31(1): [100448], ene.-mar 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231638

RESUMO

La Teoría interpersonal del suicidio señala que la capacidad adquirida hace referencia a que la exposición repetida al dolor conlleva una habituación a estas experiencias, esto es lo que conlleva que el individuo, si cuenta también con la ideación suicida, pueda llevar a cabo el suicidio consumado. Por eso, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias en la capacidad adquirida sobre la base de la existencia o no de riesgo suicida. Los resultados avalan los encontrados en otras investigaciones, observándose que, entre las personas con riesgo suicida y sin riesgo, existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los que están en riesgo los que obtienen las medias más elevadas. Por lo tanto, la variable capacidad adquirida se muestra como una variable altamente relacionada con el riesgo suicida. (AU)


The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide states that acquired capability refers to the fact that repeated exposure to pain leads to habituation to these experiences, which is what leads the individual, if he or she also has suicidal ideation, to commit suicide. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the acquired capability on the basis of the existence or not of suicidal risk. The results support those found in other studies, showing that there are statistically significant differences between those at risk and those not at risk, with those at risk having the highest mean scores. Therefore, the acquired capability variable is shown to be a variable highly related to suicidal risk. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Relações Interpessoais , Dor/psicologia , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio
3.
Comput Biol Med ; 172: 108134, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38492456

RESUMO

Psychological disorders, notably social anxiety and depression, exert detrimental effects on university students, impeding academic achievement and overall development. Timely identification of interpersonal sensitivity becomes imperative to implement targeted support and interventions. This study selected 958 freshmen from higher education institutions in Zhejiang province as the research sample. Utilizing the runge-kutta search and elite levy spreading enhanced moth-flame optimization (MFO) in conjunction with the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), we propose an efficient intelligent prediction model, namely bREMFO-KELM, for predicting the interpersonal sensitivity of college students. IEEE CEC 2017 benchmark functions and the interpersonal sensitivity dataset were employed as the basis for detailed comparisons with peer-reviewed studies and well-known machine learning models. The experimental results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the bREMFO-KELM model in predicting the sensitivity of interpersonal relationships in college students, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 97.186%. In-depth analysis reveals that the prediction of interpersonal sensitivity in college students is closely associated with multiple features, including easily hurt in relationships, shy and uneasy with the opposite sex, feeling inferior to others, discomfort when observed or discussed, and blame and criticize others. These features are not only crucial for the accuracy of the prediction model but also provide valuable information for a deeper understanding of the sensitivity of college students' interpersonal relationships. In conclusion, the bREMFO-KELM model excels not only in performance but also possesses a high degree of interpretability, providing robust support for predicting the sensitivity of interpersonal relationships in college students.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Estudantes , Humanos , Estudantes/psicologia , Aprendizado de Máquina
4.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 24(1): 299, 2024 Mar 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448915

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Social risk factors are key drivers of the geographic variation in spending in the United States but little is known how community-level social risk factors are associated with hospital prices. Our objective was to describe the relationship between regional hospital-reported prices and social risk factors by price type (chargemaster, cash, commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid). METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis used newly available hospital-reported prices from acute general hospitals in 2022. The prices were for 14 common services. Prices were winsorized at 98%, wage index-adjusted, standardized by service, and aggregated to hospital service areas (HSAs). For social risk, we used 23 measures across 5 domains of social risk (socioeconomic position; race, ethnicity, and culture; gender; social relationships; and residential and community context). Spearman's correlation was used to estimate associations between median prices and social risk by price type. RESULTS: Prices were reported from 2,386 acute general hospitals in 45% (1,502 of 3,436) HSAs. Correlations between regional prices and other social risk factors varied by price type (range: -0.19 to 0.31). Chargemaster and cash prices were significantly correlated with the most community characteristics (10 of 23, 43%) followed by commercial prices (8, 35%). Medicare and Medicaid prices were only significantly correlated with 1 measure (all p < 0.01). All price types were significantly correlated with the percentage of uninsured (all p < 0.01). Chargemaster, cash, and commercial prices were positively correlated with percentage of Hispanic residents, residents with limited English proficiency, and non-citizens (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While regional correlations between prices and social risk factors were weak across all prices, chargemaster, cash, and commercial prices were more like closely aligned with community-level social risk factors than the two public payers (Medicare and Medicaid). Chargemaster, cash, and commercial hospital prices appeared to be higher in socially disadvantaged communities. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between prices and community social risk factors.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Medicare , Idoso , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Estudos Transversais , Etnicidade , Hospitais Gerais
5.
J Aging Stud ; 68: 101215, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38458722

RESUMO

This study aimed to describe how older adults with complex health problems manage their everyday lives in their own homes and how they interact with given home care. In this multiple-case study, a total of 14 individual interviews were conducted with five older adults over the course of one year. Deductive and inductive content analyses were performed. Three descriptive categories were each identified in the deductive ('home care as interpersonal continuity', 'home care as information continuity' and 'home care as management continuity') and inductive analyses ('Lack of social contact with carers', 'Desire to be heard throughout the care process' and 'Carers are short on time'). Quality home care services are difficult to realize if interpersonal interaction is subordinated to effective task-solving.


Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Idoso , Cuidadores , Relações Interpessoais , Noruega , Estudos Longitudinais , Pesquisa Qualitativa
6.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 706, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38443887

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the bidirectional association between frailty and social relationships in older adults while distinguishing between interpersonal and intrapersonal effects. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults was conducted in Japan in three waves spanning six years with follow-ups in every three years. Random intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to explore temporal associations between frailty and social relationships. RESULTS: Data for 520 participants (mean age 73.02 [SD 6.38] years, 56.7% women) were analyzed. Across individuals, frailty was associated with social relationships (ß = -0.514, p < 0.001). At the interpersonal level, frailty was cross-sectionally associated with social relationships separately at T1(ß = -0.389, p < 0.01), T2 (ß = -0.343, p < 0.001) and T3 (ß = -0.273, p < 0.05). Moreover, social relationships were associated with subsequent increases in symptoms of frailty in all measurement waves (ß = -0.332, p < 0.001; ß = -0.169, p < 0.01) and vice versa (ß = -0.149, p < 0.05; ß = -0.292, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that frailty was associated with lower levels of social relationships. Frailty improvement programs can be combined with interventions to enhance social relationships, which will be beneficial in preventing frailty. The results emphasize the importance of combining clinical treatments of frailty with interventions to improve social relationships.


Assuntos
Fragilidade , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Japão/epidemiologia , Fragilidade/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Relações Interpessoais , Nonoxinol
7.
BMC Med Educ ; 24(1): 221, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429755

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Many factors influencing residency attrition are identified in the literature, but what role these factors play and how they influence each other remains unclear. Understanding more about the interaction between these factors can provide background to put the available evidence into perspective and provide tools to reduce attrition. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a model that describes voluntary residency attrition. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were held with a convenient sample of orthopaedic surgery residents in the Netherlands who dropped out of training between 2000 and 2018. Transcripts were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Concepts and themes were identified by iterative constant comparison. RESULTS: Seventeen interviews with former residents were analysed and showed that reasons for voluntary attrition were different for each individual and often a result of a cumulative effect. Individual expectations and needs determine residents' experiences with the content of the profession, the professional culture and the learning climate. Personal factors like previous clinical experiences, personal circumstances and personal characteristics influence expectations and needs. Specific aspects of the residency programme contributing to attrition were type of patient care, required skills for the profession, work-life balance and interpersonal interaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a model for voluntary resident attrition showing the factors involved and how they interact. This model places previous research into perspective, gives implications for practice on the (im)possibilities of preventing attrition and opens possibilities for further research into resident attrition.


Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Relações Interpessoais , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Aprendizagem
8.
Nurs Sci Q ; 37(2): 168-172, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491885

RESUMO

Medicinal plants are used by many people with Type 2 diabetes in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore why this is so, from their perspective. Sixteen persons with Type 2 diabetes in Yazd City, Iran, were interviewed in April and May 2020 for this study. A thematic analysis of the transcripts of those interviews was done using MAXQDA 10 software. Six themes were identified: beliefs about medicinal plants, psychological factors, accessibility and economic barriers, patients' knowledge and awareness, social pressure, and the role of family culture. The recommendation of the study is that health counselors and specialists should provide needed information and skills for the proper use of medicinal plants, and the pharmaceutical infrastructures need to be expanded to provide enough drugs to facilitate better access to needed medication and reduce reliance on medicinal plants for persons with Type 2 diabetes.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Plantas Medicinais , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Relações Interpessoais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6360, 2024 03 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38493206

RESUMO

Parent-child and teacher-child relationship closeness have been shown to be crucial for children's development of socioemotional competencies from preschool to school-age stages. However, less is known about the importance of developing close relationships with young infants and toddlers attending childcare group settings for their early socioemotional development. The current study aimed to address this gap and to explore how child gender may influence the associations. Participants included 378 Hong Kong Chinese children (196 girls; Mage = 22.05 months, SD = 9.81 months) enrolled in childcare centres, along with their parents and teachers. Parents reported on children's socioemotional competencies as well as their relationship closeness with children; teachers reported on their relationship closeness with children. Multiple group structural equation modelling was used to analyse the results. The findings showed that both parent-child and teacher-child closeness were positively associated with children's social competence, while teacher-child closeness was negatively associated with children's anxiety behaviour. Parents of girls reported greater parent-child closeness, higher levels of social competence, and higher levels of anxiety behaviours compared to parents of boys. Furthermore, teacher-child closeness was significantly associated with social competence exclusively among girls, while parent-child closeness was significantly associated with anxiety behaviours solely among boys. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of child gender in influencing the associations between parent-child closeness, teacher-child closeness, and children's socioemotional competencies in the earliest years.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Professores Escolares , Masculino , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Feminino , Humanos , Professores Escolares/psicologia , Pais , Habilidades Sociais , Ansiedade
10.
11.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(4): 1403-1414, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448691

RESUMO

Surrogate partner therapy is a type of treatment in which the surrogate partner (SP) works in a triadic setting with a sex therapist and a patient. At the same time, the SP acts as an intimate surrogate partner to the patient. The SP treatment includes a range of therapeutic experiences such as relaxation, intimate communication, sensual and sexual contact, and training for the acquisition of social skills. In the current study, we ask what and how SPs experience, understand, and construct boundaries in their work. We used Winnicott's therapeutic conceptualization of psychotherapy as a mode of playing and Goffman's dramaturgical role theory as the theoretical framework for our exploration. Applying a phenomenological and empathic approach, we analyzed 13 in-depth interviews with Israeli SP. It appears that SP's transitions from one performance to another are dramatic, in that their role requires the involvement of sexual and emotional helping relations with their patients. Moreover, SPs are obliged to have secrecy at all levels and in various relationships in their lives. We uncovered various complexities that SPs experience, such as a lack of clarity about their role, which creates challenges for building their professional and personal identity and affects their family and social relationships.


Assuntos
Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Comportamento Sexual , Humanos , Parceiros Sexuais/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Psicoterapia , Comunicação
12.
PLoS Biol ; 22(3): e3002545, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38502637

RESUMO

Social groups in various social species are organized with hierarchical structures that shape group dynamics and the nature of within-group interactions. In-group social bonding, exemplified by grooming behaviors among animals and collective rituals and team-building activities in human societies, is recognized as a practical adaptive strategy to foster group harmony and stabilize hierarchical structures in both human and nonhuman animal groups. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of social bonding on hierarchical groups remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted simultaneous neural recordings on human participants engaged in-group communications within small hierarchical groups (n = 528, organized into 176 three-person groups) to investigate how social bonding influenced hierarchical interactions and neural synchronizations. We differentiated interpersonal interactions between individuals of different (inter-status) or same (intra-status) social status and observed distinct effects of social bonding on inter-status and intra-status interactions. Specifically, social bonding selectively increased frequent and rapid information exchange and prefrontal neural synchronization for inter-status dyads but not intra-status dyads. Furthermore, social bonding facilitated unidirectional neural alignment from group leader to followers, enabling group leaders to predictively align their prefrontal activity with that of followers. These findings provide insights into how social bonding influences hierarchical dynamics and neural synchronization while highlighting the role of social status in shaping the strength and nature of social bonding experiences in human groups.


Assuntos
Encéfalo , Relações Interpessoais , Animais , Humanos
14.
Hum Resour Health ; 22(1): 18, 2024 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38439084

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Family physicians (FPs) fill an essential role in public health emergencies yet have frequently been neglected in pandemic response plans. This exclusion harms FPs in their clinical roles and has unintended consequences in the management of concurrent personal responsibilities, many of which were amplified by the pandemic. The objective of our study was to explore the experiences of FPs during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to better understand how they managed their competing professional and personal priorities. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with FPs from four Canadian regions between October 2020 and June 2021. Employing a maximum variation sampling approach, we recruited participants until we achieved saturation. Interviews explored FPs' personal and professional roles and responsibilities during the pandemic, the facilitators and barriers that they encountered, and any gender-related experiences. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed. RESULTS: We interviewed 68 FPs during the pandemic and identified four overarching themes in participants' discussion of their personal experiences: personal caregiving responsibilities, COVID-19 risk navigation to protect family members, personal health concerns, and available and desired personal supports for FPs to manage their competing responsibilities. While FPs expressed a variety of ways in which their personal experiences made their professional responsibilities more complicated, rarely did that affect the extent to which they participated in the pandemic response. CONCLUSIONS: For FPs to contribute fully to a pandemic response, they must be factored into pandemic plans. Failure to appreciate their unique role and circumstances often leaves FPs feeling unsupported in both their professional and personal lives. Comprehensive planning in anticipation of future pandemics must consider FPs' varied responsibilities, health concerns, and necessary precautions. Having adequate personal and practice supports in place will facilitate the essential role of FPs in responding to a pandemic crisis while continuing to support their patients' primary care needs.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Médicos de Família , Canadá , Relações Interpessoais
15.
J Nurs Res ; 32(2): e325, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38506588

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As the nursing organization environment evolves into one in which several generations work together, there are concerns about generational differences leading to conflicts. PURPOSE: A synthesis of qualitative studies was used to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of new nurses working in South Korean hospitals and identify generational differences between nurses of Generations X and Y. METHODS: Eight databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies published up to June 2020. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist for Qualitative Research was used to evaluate the quality of the retrieved studies, and the data were synthesized thematically using the Thomas and Harden method. RESULTS: Of the 2,482 studies retrieved, 19 were included in this meta-synthesis. The experience of new nurses were presented in the three analytical themes of work experience, interpersonal relationships, and adaptation, from which eight descriptive themes were derived: (a) dissatisfied with own work performance, (b) negative feedback on work outcomes, (c) irregular daily life, (d) colleagues who help adapt to work life or make work life harder, (e) feelings of sympathy toward peers, (f) disrespectful patients or caregivers, (g) effective reactions, and (h) ineffective reactions. Although the new nurses from Generations X and Y reported similar experiences during their first year of nursing, differences were found in their values and tendencies regarding work and interpersonal relationships. Compared with new Generation X nurses, new Generation Y nurses placed more value on the meaning of individual work contributions, intimacy with colleagues, and appropriate feedback. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this study support nursing administrators implementing strategies that both acknowledge and reduce the impact of generational category on nursing teams. Furthermore, emphasizing communication and acknowledging ongoing change as generations progress may strengthen bonds that lead nurses to value each other and their work.


Assuntos
Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Hospitais , Relações Interpessoais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , República da Coreia
16.
J Sch Psychol ; 103: 101296, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38432724

RESUMO

High-quality teacher-child relationships and parent-teacher communications have substantial benefits to children's well-being and school functioning. However, more research is needed to understand how parenting self-efficacy influences these relationships. This cross-sequential study investigated the direct associations of parenting self-efficacy with the teacher-child relationship and parent-teacher communication, as well as potential mediation pathways. The present study included a sample of 8152 children who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), a large study with a nationally representative sample of children from two cohorts who were 4 years apart. We used data collected in three waves when participating children were ages 6 years, 8 years, and 10 years. Structural equation modeling was used to test a panel model with parent-reported parenting self-efficacy and parent-teacher communication quality, as well as teacher-reported teacher-child relationship, child behavior difficulties, and child prosocial behaviors at school. Cross-lagged regressions demonstrated that baseline parenting self-efficacy directly and positively linked with the quality of teacher-child relationship and parent-teacher communication 2 years later. Child behavior at school was identified as a mediation pathway between parenting self-efficacy and teacher-child relationship. The same patterns were identified in two waves (Waves 6-8 and Waves 8-10). Limited child gender, parent gender, or cohort differences were observed. The current findings provide initial support that parenting self-efficacy may have spillover effects on school-related factors. The findings have implications both for parenting and school researchers and for child mental health practitioners because one important way to promote parenting self-efficacy is through evidence-based parenting programs.


Assuntos
Comunicação , Relações Interpessoais , Poder Familiar , Humanos , Austrália , Estudos Longitudinais , Pais , Autoeficácia , Professores Escolares , Criança
17.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6015, 2024 03 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472307

RESUMO

When conversing with an unacquainted person, if it goes well, we can obtain much satisfaction (referred to as conversational satisfaction). Can we predict how satisfied dyads will be with face-to-face conversation? To this end, we employed interpersonal similarity in whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC), measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging before dyadic conversation. We investigated whether conversational satisfaction could be predicted from interpersonal similarity in RSFC using multivariate pattern analysis. Consequently, prediction was successful, suggesting that interpersonal similarity in RSFC is an effective neural biomarker predicting how much face-to-face conversation goes well. Furthermore, regression coefficients from predictive models suggest that both interpersonal similarity and dissimilarity contribute to good interpersonal relationships in terms of brain activity. The present study provides the potential of an interpersonal similarity approach using RSFC for understanding the foundations of human relationships and new neuroscientific insight into whether success in human interactions is predetermined.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Encéfalo , Humanos , Vias Neurais , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Relações Interpessoais , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Satisfação Pessoal
18.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(5)2024 Feb 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38475039

RESUMO

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have deficits that affect their social relationships, communication, and flexibility in reasoning. There are different types of treatment (pharmacological, educational, psychological, and rehabilitative). Currently, one way to address this problem is by using robotic systems to address the abilities that are altered in these children. The aim of this review will be to analyse the effectiveness of the incorporation of the different robotic systems currently existing in the treatment of children up to 10 years of age diagnosed with autism. A systematic review has been carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dialnet databases, with the following descriptors: child, autism, and robot. The search yielded 578 papers, and nine were selected after the application of the PRISMA guideline. The quality of the studies was analysed with the PEDRo scale, and only those with a score between four and six were selected. From this study, the conclusion is that the use of robots, in general, improves children's behaviour in the short term, but longer-term experiences are necessary to achieve more conclusive results.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico , Robótica , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Comunicação
20.
Arch Sex Behav ; 53(3): 959-968, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38379110

RESUMO

In popular narratives, the first date with a potential mate often centers on their gaze as embodiment of interest and attraction. However, evidence is still lacking on the role of eye-contact as a potent signal in human social interaction in the context of dating. In addition, behavioral mechanisms of mate selection are not well understood. In the present study, we therefore examined mutual eye-contact and its influence on mate choice by applying dual mobile eye-tracking during naturalistic speed-dates. A total of 30 male and 30 female subjects attended four speed-dates each (N = 240). Subjects were more likely to choose those dating partners with whom they shared more eye-contact with. In addition, perceived attractiveness played an important role for mate choice. Interestingly, receiving but not giving eye-contact also predicted individual mate choice. Eye-contact thus acts as an important signal of romantic attraction when encountering a dating partner.


Assuntos
Relações Interpessoais , Narração , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento de Escolha
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