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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(12): 888-895, Dec. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055200

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The establishment of modern medicine in Brazil was marked by the arrival of the Portuguese Court in 1808, when the Bahia and Rio de Janeiro Faculties of Medicine were founded. The French School of Medicine exerted a strong influence on Brazilian medicine and on the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology. The elite of "Parisian neurology" trained students and doctors from around the world, and were mentors to the pioneers of Brazilian neurology in the early 20th century. In this article, the authors review the origins of neurology faculties in Brazilian medicine and the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology. Neurology is certainly a continuously changing field and has always adapted to new advances and discoveries, and it is an honor for the authors to pay homage to their pioneers.


RESUMO O estabelecimento da medicina moderna no Brasil foi marcado pela chegada da corte portuguesa em 1808, quando foram fundadas as faculdades de medicina da Bahia e do Rio de Janeiro. A Escola Francesa de Medicina exerceu forte influência na Medicina Brasileira e nos principais pioneiros da Neurologia Brasileira. A elite da "Neurologia parisiense", treinou estudantes e médicos de todo o mundo e foram os mentores dos pioneiros da neurologia brasileira no início do século XX. Neste texto, os autores revisam as origens das faculdades de Neurologia na Medicina Brasileira e os principais pioneiros da Neurologia Brasileira. A neurologia é certamente um campo em constante mudança e sempre se adaptou a novos avanços e descobertas, e é uma honra para os autores homenagear seus pioneiros.


Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Psiquiatria/história , Universidades/história , Brasil , Literatura Medieval/história , Neurologia/história
2.
Nat Hum Behav ; 3(6): 560-567, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30962615

RESUMO

The corpus of Old English verse is an indispensable source for scholars of the Indo-European tradition, early Germanic culture and English literary history. Although it has been the focus of sustained literary scholarship for over two centuries, Old English poetry has not been subjected to corpus-wide computational profiling, in part because of the sparseness and extreme fragmentation of the surviving material. Here we report a detailed quantitative analysis of the whole corpus that considers a broad range of features reflective of sound, metre and diction. This integrated examination of fine-grained features enabled us to identify salient stylistic patterns, despite the inherent limitations of the corpus. In particular, we provide quantitative evidence consistent with the unitary authorship of Beowulf and the Cynewulfian authorship of Andreas, shedding light on two longstanding questions in Old English philology. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of high-dimensional stylometric profiling for fragmentary literary traditions and lay the foundation for future studies of the cultural evolution of English literature.


Assuntos
Mineração de Dados , Linguística , Literatura Medieval , Modelos Teóricos , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Poesia como Assunto , Mineração de Dados/métodos , Inglaterra , História Medieval , Humanos , Linguística/métodos , Literatura Medieval/história , Poesia como Assunto/história
3.
Sci Adv ; 5(1): eaau7126, 2019 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30662947

RESUMO

During the European Middle Ages, the opening of long-distance Asian trade routes introduced exotic goods, including ultramarine, a brilliant blue pigment produced from lapis lazuli stone mined only in Afghanistan. Rare and as expensive as gold, this pigment transformed the European color palette, but little is known about its early trade or use. Here, we report the discovery of lapis lazuli pigment preserved in the dental calculus of a religious woman in Germany radiocarbon-dated to the 11th or early 12th century. The early use of this pigment by a religious woman challenges widespread assumptions about its limited availability in medieval Europe and the gendered production of illuminated texts.


Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio/história , Cálculos Dentários/história , Literatura Medieval/história , Freiras/história , Datação Radiométrica , Restos Mortais , Cor , Feminino , Alemanha , História Medieval , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pinturas , Espectrometria por Raios X , Análise Espectral Raman
4.
Arq Neuropsiquiatr ; 77(12): 888-895, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31939586

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The establishment of modern medicine in Brazil was marked by the arrival of the Portuguese Court in 1808, when the Bahia and Rio de Janeiro Faculties of Medicine were founded. METHODS: The French School of Medicine exerted a strong influence on Brazilian medicine and on the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology. The elite of "Parisian neurology" trained students and doctors from around the world, and were mentors to the pioneers of Brazilian neurology in the early 20th century. CONCLUSION: In this article, the authors review the origins of neurology faculties in Brazilian medicine and the main pioneers of Brazilian neurology. RESULTS: Neurology is certainly a continuously changing field and has always adapted to new advances and discoveries, and it is an honor for the authors to pay homage to their pioneers.


Assuntos
Neurologia/história , Faculdades de Medicina/história , Brasil , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Humanos , Literatura Medieval/história , Psiquiatria/história , Universidades/história
5.
Med Humanit ; 45(1): 2-9, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30087161

RESUMO

The medieval English romance The King of Tars gives an account of a birth of a lump of flesh. This has been considered as fantastic and monstrous in past literature, the horrific union of a Christian and Saracen. However, while the text certainly speaks to miscegenation, we propose that this lump of flesh is actually a hydatidiform mole. We trace the hydatidiform mole from antiquity, surrounding it with contextual medieval examples, from theology, history and medicine, that also describe abnormal births as 'lumps of flesh'. By discussing medieval ideas of monsters as a warning sign, we interpret the lump of flesh in terms of abnormal births, seed transmission, parental contribution and sin. Ideas of warning, blame and intervention present themselves as a response to moles both in medieval texts as well as in modern reactions to hydatidiform moles. We explore the epigenetics of hydatidiform moles and relate them to the medieval text. In The King of Tars, the fault for the lump of flesh could reside with either parent; we find that this is also the case in the genetic formation of the hydatidiform mole; we also argue that the epigenetics supports medieval theories of seed transmission.


Assuntos
Mola Hidatiforme/história , Literatura Medieval , Feminino , História Medieval , Humanos , Mola Hidatiforme/genética , Gravidez
6.
Rev. abordagem gestál. (Impr.) ; 24(spe): 417-428, set.-dez. 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-977122

RESUMO

Since the first discussion of Brentano's relation to (and account of) medieval philosophy by Spiegelberg in 1936, a fair amount of studies have been dedicated to the topic. And if those studies focused on some systematic issue at all, the beloved topic of intentionality clearly occupied a hegemonic position in the scholarly landscape. This paper considers the question from the point of view of ontology, and in a twofold perspective: What did Brentano know about medieval ontology and what kind of access did he have to that material (section 1)? What kind of use did Brentano make of medieval material in his own philosophy, and with what kind of results (section 2)?


Desde a primeira discussão sobre a relação de Brentano com a filosofia medieval feita por Spiegelberg, em 1936, uma boa quantidade de estudos foi dedicada ao tema. E se esses estudos focalizaram alguma questão sistemática, o tópico da intencionalidade claramente ocupou uma posição hegemônica na paisagem acadêmica. Este artigo considera a questão do ponto de vista da ontologia e, em uma dupla perspectiva: O que Brentano sabia sobre a ontologia medieval e que tipo de acesso ele tinha a esse material (seção 1)? Que tipo de uso Brentano fez do material medieval em sua própria filosofia e com que tipo de resultados (seção 2)?


Desde la primera discusión de la relación de Brentano y la filosofía medieval por Spiegelberg en 1936, se han dedicado una cantidad considerable de estudios cerca del tema. Y si esos estudios se centraron en algún tema sistemático, el amado tema de la intencionalidad claramente ocupó una posición hegemónica en el panorama académico. Este trabajo considera la pregunta desde el punto de vista de la ontología, y en una doble perspectiva: ¿Qué sabía Brentano sobre la ontología medieval y qué tipo de acceso tenía a ese material (sección 1)? ¿Qué tipo de uso hizo Brentano de material medieval en su propia filosofía, y con qué tipo de resultados (sección 2)?


Assuntos
História Medieval , Filosofia , Literatura Medieval
7.
Rev. abordagem gestál. (Impr.) ; 24(spe): 498-504, set.-dez. 2018. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-977130

RESUMO

Este artigo tem por escopo expor, analisar e interpretar, a partir do método fenomenológico, a obra Noite escura (Noche oscura), do místico cristão João da Cruz (1542-1591). Busca-se um aprofundamento no texto-base, bem como de comentadores especializados. O horizonte fenomenológico é demarcado pelas anotações heideggerianas sob o título "Os fundamentos filosóficos da mística medieval", datadas de 1918/1919, e publicados no volume 60 da Obra completa pelo título Fenomenologia da vida religiosa. A interpretação aqui realizada permite discernir em que medida o símbolo "noite escura" pode ser comunicado e entendido pelo homem religioso e pelo homem não-religioso, uma vez que Noite escura refere-se a um estado muito particular de experiência mística, o qual conduz à divina união de amor com Deus.


This article aims to expose, analyze and interpret, from the phenomenological method, the work Dark Night (Noche oscura), by the Christian mystic John of the Cross (1542-1591). We look for a deepening in the base text, as well as of specialized commentators. The phenomenological horizon is demarcated by the Heideggerian notes under the title "The Philosophical Foundations of Medieval Mysticism", dated 1918/1919, and published in volume 60 of the Complete Work by the title Phenomenology of religious life. The interpretation here makes it possible to discern to what extent the symbol "dark night" can be communicated and understood by religious man and non-religious man, since Dark Night refers to a very particular state of mystical experience, which leads to the divine union of love with God.


Este artículo tiene por objeto exponer, analizar e interpretar, a partir del método fenomenológico, la obra Noche oscura, del místico cristiano Juan de la Cruz (1542-1591). Se busca una profundización en el texto base, así como de comentaristas especializados. El horizonte fenomenológico es demarcado por las anotaciones heideggerianas bajo el título "Los fundamentos filosóficos de la mística medieval", datados de 1918/1919, y publicados en el volumen 60 de la Obra completa por el título Fenomenología de la vida religiosa. La interpretación aquí realizada permite discernir en qué medida el símbolo "noche oscura" puede ser comunicado y entendido por el hombre religioso y el hombre no religioso, ya que la noche oscura se refiere a un estado muy particular de experiencia mística, a la divina unión de amor con Dios.


Assuntos
Poesia , Literatura Medieval
8.
Rev. abordagem gestál. (Impr.) ; 24(spe): 506-508, set.-dez. 2018.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-977131
9.
Morphologie ; 102(337): 61-68, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29778635

RESUMO

Ibn Sina (also known as Avicenna in the West) was the most famous physician and medical scientist of the medieval era. His book, the Canon of Medicine comprised a vast collection of medical information ranging from basic medical sciences to specialised medical fields. Herein, we present an analysis of the cardiovascular system, particularly giving an in-depth comparison of the structural and functional anatomy of the arteries and veins of the body as described by Avicenna in the Canon of Medicine and comparing them to modern extant anatomical literature.


Assuntos
Anatomia/história , Artérias/anatomia & histologia , Medicina na Literatura/história , Medicina Arábica/história , Veias/anatomia & histologia , História Medieval , Humanos , Literatura Medieval , Literatura Moderna
11.
Int J Psychoanal ; 98(6): 1699-1717, 2017 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28726328

RESUMO

The power of Dante's Divine Comedy is unmistakable, but surprising in view of its theological structure and assumptions that are no longer current among most modern readers. This paper suggests that its power derives from the deep psychological truthfulness with which Dante deals with the painful personal crisis that underlies the poem and is his starting point. It attempts to clarify what may have constituted that crisis, and why the structure of the Comedy, and in particular its use of two guides, Virgil and Beatrice, who might be thought a somewhat incompatible pairing, point significantly to the nature of the solution Dante arrived at. In particular it suggests that the puzzling fictions to do with Statius in the Purgatorio are a clue to Dante's own difficulties in bridging the classical and Christian traditions, and that his highly original solution to these difficulties, by no means conforming to conventional Christian orthodoxy in the 13th/14th century, was needed with special urgency in a time of pervasive civil conflict.


Assuntos
Literatura Medieval , Poesia como Assunto , Interpretação Psicanalítica , Religião e Psicologia , Humanos
12.
Estud. av ; 31(90): 283-305, mai.-ago. 2017. graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-891905

RESUMO

RESUMO A moda de viola é considerada um dos gêneros mais tradicionais da música caipira, se aproximando enquanto gênero narrativo das antigas lendas medievais e dos romances de cavalaria ibéricos renascentistas, sendo ainda afluente da cultura moura. Suas temáticas são reveladoras de uma funcionalidade social que, ao transmitirem valores pedagógicos, morais e expressarem poética e musicalmente determinados contextos sociais, servem como ferramenta de denúncia e crítica a processos de exclusão e opressão social. Este artigo traz uma breve descrição de seus primeiros registros coletados por folcloristas no início do século XX, dos dilemas decorrentes de sua inserção no registro fonográfico a partir de 1929 e das contradições acerca da perpetuação do gênero através dos tempos, focalizando principalmente sua potencialidade no campo dos estudos sobre identidade.


ABSTRACT The moda-de-viola [folk guitar songs] is considered one of the most traditional genres of country music, a narrative genre approaching the old medieval legends and romances of the Iberian Renaissance when it was still an affluent of Moorish culture. Its themes reveal a social functionality that, by conveying pedagogical and moral values, and by expressing poetically and musically certain specific social contexts, serves as a tool to denounce and criticize processes of exclusion and social oppression. This article presents a brief description of the first records collected by folklorists in the early twentieth century, of the dilemmas arising from its insertion in the phonographic record from 1929 onward, and of the contradictions in the perpetuation of this genre over time, focusing mainly on its potentiality in the field of identity studies.


Assuntos
Cultura , Viola , Cultura Popular , Literatura Medieval , Música
15.
BMJ ; 355: i6603, 2016 12 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27974364
18.
Strabismus ; 24(3): 136-7, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27593906

RESUMO

The eminent Greek physician Paul of Aegina, native of the Saronic island Aegina and pupil of the Alexandrian School, understood both exotropia and endotropia, his designation for esotropia and proposed therapeutic measures for their treatment during baby or toddler age. He had introduced an innovative method for the newborns to have a straight vision, "the congenital strabismus of the newborns must be treated with the placement of a facial mask (with 2 open holes in the middle axes of the eyes), so that the babies could only see in a straight line", combined with a small oil lamp to assure a direct eye alignment. Although not even a diagram of the masks was saved until nowadays, Paul was the first to suggest the early correction of the eyes deviation, and considered to be the father of orthoptics.


Assuntos
Máscaras/história , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos/história , Estrabismo/história , Bizâncio , Grécia , História Medieval , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Literatura Medieval/história , Estrabismo/terapia
19.
J Bioeth Inq ; 13(4): 477-483, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27565167

RESUMO

This essay examines constructions of deafness in medieval culture, exploring how deaf experience disrupts authoritative discourses in three textual genres: medical treatise, literary fiction, and autobiographical writing. Medical manuals often present deafness as a physical defect, yet they also suggest how social conditions for deaf people can be transformed in lieu of treatment protocols. Fictional narratives tend to associate deafness with sin or social stigma, but they can also imagine deaf experience with a remarkable degree of sympathy and nuance. Autobiographical writing by deaf authors most vividly challenges diagnostic models of disability, exploring generative forms of perception that deafness can foster. In tracing the disruptive force that deaf experience exerts on perceived notions of textual authority, this essay reveals how medieval culture critiqued the diagnostic power of medical practitioners. Deafness does not simply function as a symptom of an individual problem or a metaphor for a spiritual or social condition; rather, deafness is a transformative capacity affording new modes of knowing self and other.


Assuntos
Cultura , Surdez/história , Pessoas com Deficiência/história , Literatura Medieval , Medicina na Literatura , Narração/história , Livros de Texto como Assunto/história , Autobiografias como Assunto , Surdez/diagnóstico , Surdez/terapia , Empatia , História Medieval , Humanos , Conhecimento , Língua de Sinais , Meio Social , Estigma Social , Percepção Visual
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