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3.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 58, 2024 Feb 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374006

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus spp and Microsporum canis are zoonotic microorganisms which can cause infections and systemic diseases. The bone infection is usually caused by invasion of pathogen through the hematologic route. Mixed osteomyelitis caused by bacteria and fungi is rare, and to date, there have been no reports of mixed osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. CASE PRESENTATION: This essay reports an atypical presentation of mixed osteomyelitis (Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis) in a domestic cat. A 15-month-old female Persian cat was presented to a veterinary service; the main complaint was the appearance of a nodule in the mandibular ventral rostral region. A radiographic exam performed on the animal showed proliferative and osteolytic bone lesions. The patient was submitted to a biopsy for histopathological evaluation, along with bacterial and fungal cultures. Results showed mixed osteomyelitis by Staphylococcus spp. and Microsporum canis. Microbial Sensitivity Test was performed to choose a more suitable treatment. Two surgical procedures were executed to resect and curette the lesion, and treatments with anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, and antifungal drugs were established, showing a positive clinical evolution. After 8 months of treatment, the patient's owner moved to a different city, and the animal was seen by other veterinarians, who followed along with the same treatment. However, due to complications and a diminishing quality of life over 4 years of diagnosis, the patient was euthanized. CONCLUSION: Given the above, mixed osteomyelitis is difficult to treat and can cause losses of life quality resulting death, especially in infections where M. canis is the agent causing the disease. Bacterial osteomyelitis is more frequently reported. But the lack of investigation of microorganisms other than bacteria, such as fungal cases, may imply in underdiagnosed cases. Treatment of osteomyelitis can be difficult considering the difficulties in isolating the pathological agent, resistance to the drug used, prolonged treatment time, and cost.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Dermatomicoses , Microsporum , Osteomielite , Gatos , Feminino , Animais , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Qualidade de Vida , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológico , Osteomielite/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico
4.
Mycoses ; 67(2): e13699, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38366288

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Superficial mycoses are fungal infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and its appendages. The chief causative agents of these mycoses are dermatophytes and yeasts. The diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be made by direct mycological examination with potassium hydroxide (10%-30%) of biological material obtained from patients with suspected mycosis, providing results more rapid than fungal cultures, which may take days or weeks. This information, together with clinical history and laboratory diagnosis, ensures that the appropriate treatment is initiated promptly. However, false negative results are obtained in 5%-15%, by conventional methods of diagnosis of dermatophytosis. OBJECTIVES: To study the metabolic profiles of the commonly occurring dermatophytes by NMR spectroscopy. PATIENTS/MATERIALS: We have used 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments along with Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) and Chenomx database search for identification of primary metabolites in the methanol extract of two fungal species: Trichophyton mentagrophyte (T. mentagrophyte) and Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum). Both standard strains and representative number of clinical isolates of these two species were investigated. Further, metabolic profiles obtained were analysed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: We have identified 23 metabolites in the T. mentagrophyte and another 23 metabolites in T. rubrum. Many important metabolites like trehalose, proline, mannitol, acetate, GABA and several other amino acids were detected, which provide the necessary components for fungal growth and metabolism. Altered metabolites were defined between Trichophyton mentagrophyte and T. rubrum strains. CONCLUSION: We have detected many metabolites in the two fungal species T. mentagrophyte and T. rubrum by using NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy provides a holistic snapshot of the metabolome of an organism. Key metabolic differences were identified between the two fungal strains. We need to perform more studies on metabolite profiling of the samples from these species for their rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment.


Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Dermatomicoses , Tinha , Humanos , Trichophyton , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/microbiologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética
5.
Med Mycol J ; 65(1): 1-5, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38417881

RESUMO

Microsporum canis is a type of dermatophyte that causes zoonotic dermatophytosis in cats and dogs. We report three cases of tinea corporis due to M. canis from a single household with a domestic cat as a pet. The cases included a woman in her thirties (mother), a girl in her teens (older sister), and a girl in her teens (younger sister). Following sudden hair loss in the domestic cat, annular erythema with pruritus and scales appeared on the face, neck, and limbs of the older sister, younger sister, and mother, sequentially; they subsequently visited our hospital. Potassium hydroxide direct microscopy revealed filamentous fungi on all three women. In addition, short-haired colonies with a white to yellowish-white color and extending in a radial manner were found in cultures using a flat plate agar medium. A slide culture with the same medium indicated pointed spindle-shaped macroconidia with 7-8 septa. Therefore, the cases were diagnosed as tinea corporis due to M. canis. Genetic analysis of the cells of the cat and the mother, older sister, and younger sister using multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) indicated that all cases were classified into the same genotype, suggesting that the transmission route of these cases was familial. Here, we show that MLMT is useful in identifying the infection route in cases of tinea corporis due to M. canis.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Tinha , Humanos , Adolescente , Feminino , Animais , Cães , Gatos , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/veterinária , Microsporum/genética , Mães , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia
6.
Res Vet Sci ; 168: 105153, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38219470

RESUMO

Despite the increasing interest in studying the gut mycobiota of dogs, the association between fungal colonization and the development of digestive disorders in this species remains largely understudied. On the other hand, the high prevalence of antifungal-resistant yeasts detected in previous studies in samples from animals represents a major threat to public health. We analyzed the presence of culturable yeasts in 112 rectal swab samples obtained from dogs with digestive disorders attended in a veterinary teaching hospital. Our results revealed that Malassezia pachydermatis was frequently isolated from the studied dog population (33.9% of samples), and that the isolation of this yeast was significantly associated to the age of animals, but not to their sex, disease group, or the presence of vomits and/or diarrhea. In contrast, other yeast species were less prevalent (17.9% of samples in total), and their isolation was not significantly associated to any variable included in the analysis. Additionally, we observed that 97.5% of the studied M. pachydermatis isolates (n = 158, 1-6 per positive episode) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value >4 µg/ml to nystatin, 31.6% had a MIC ≥32 µg/ml to fluconazole, and 27.2% had a MIC >4 µg/ml to amphotericin B. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of non-Malassezia (n = 43, 1-7 per episode) were more variable and included elevated MIC values for some antifungal-species combinations. These results confirm that the intestine of dogs is a reservoir of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and suggest that the prevalence of M. pachydermatis colonization depends more on the age of animals than on any specific digestive disorder.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Doenças do Cão , Microbiota , Cães , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Hospitais Veterinários , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Hospitais de Ensino , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/veterinária
7.
Med Mycol ; 62(2)2024 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38228404

RESUMO

Deep cutaneous mycoses (DCMs) are rare infections that extend throughout the dermis and subcutis, often occurring after inoculation with pathogenic fungi. Trends toward a growing incidence have been observed that may be partially related to an increasing population of solid organ transplant patients. The aim of this study is to describe the diagnostics and the outcomes of DCM among kidney transplant recipients so as to optimize their management. We performed a retrospective review of cases of DCM occurring among kidney transplant recipients in our institution over 12 years. Twenty cases were included. Lesions were only located on the limbs and presented mainly as single (10/20, 50%) nodular lesions (15/20, 75%), with a mean size of 3 cm. Direct mycological examination was positive for 17 patients (17/20, 85%) and the cultures were consistently positive. Thirteen different fungal species were observed, including phaehyphomycetes (n = 8), hyalohyphomycetes (n = 3), dermatophytes (n = 1), and mucorale (n = 1). The (1-3) beta-D-glucan antigen (BDG) was also consistently detected in the serum (20/20, 100%). Systematic imaging did not reveal any distant infectious lesions, but locoregional extension was present in 11 patients (11/14, 79%). Nineteen patients received antifungal treatment (19/20, 95%) for a median duration of 3 months, with surgery for 10 (10/20, 50%). There is a great diversity of fungal species responsible for DCMs in kidney transplant recipients. The mycological documentation is necessary to adapt the antifungal treatment according to the sensitivity of the species. Serum BDG positivity is a potentially reliable and useful tool for diagnosis and follow-up.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Órgãos , Humanos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Transplante de Órgãos/veterinária , Pele/microbiologia , Transplantados
8.
Microb Pathog ; 188: 106544, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38246313

RESUMO

Fungi are opportunistic eukaryotic entities often taking advantage of susceptibilities offered by a host due to its immunocompromised status, changed microbiome, or ruptured physical barriers and eventually cause infections. They either invade the skin superficially or are deep-seated. Superficial mycosis affects the skin, hair, and nails inhabiting the outermost layer, stratum corneum. In the present study, we report a case of superficial mycosis (onychomycosis in particular) in a 45-year-old immunocompetent man who was an ex-defense personnel and presently serving as a security guard at the University of Jammu, District Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The infection evolved 17 years ago and negatively affected the quality of life of the patient. For the identification of the causal agent, direct microscopy, cultural, micro-morphological, molecular characterization (ITS sequencing), and phylogenetic analysis were taken into account. A mucoralean fungal species, Thamnostylum piriforme, was isolated from the fingernails (left hand) of the investigated patient, which represents a new global report as the causal agent of superficial mycosis. In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing showed T. piriforme sensitivity to itraconazole, amphotericin B and ketoconazole while resistance to fluconazole. Careful selection of optimal therapy for fungal infection based primarily on correct identification and antifungal susceptibility testing could provide effective results during treatment against these opportunistic human fungal pathogens.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Dermatomicoses , Mucorales , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Filogenia , Qualidade de Vida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Itraconazol/farmacologia , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico
9.
J Feline Med Surg ; 26(1): 1098612X231219696, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38189288

RESUMO

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In contrast to superficial fungal infections, such as dermatophytosis, invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterised by penetration of tissues by fungal elements. Disease can spread locally within a region or can disseminate haematogenously or via the lymphatics. The environment is the most common reservoir of infection. Since fungal spores are airborne, indoor cats are also susceptible to IFIs. Some environmental fungi are ubiquitous and present globally, while others are endemic or hyperendemic within specific geographic regions. Zoonotic pathogens include Microsporum canis, Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis. AIM: In the first of a two-part article series, the approach to the investigation of feline IFIs and oomycoses is reviewed. As well as tips for diagnosis, and information on the ecological niche and distribution of fungal pathogens, the review covers clinical presentation of the most common IFIs, including cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, phaeohyphomycosis, aspergillosis and dermatophytic pseudomycetoma, as well as the oomycoses pythiosis, lagenidiosis and paralagenidiosis. In Part 2, the spectrum of activity, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and adverse effects of antifungal drugs are reviewed, and the treatment and prognosis for specific IFIs and oomycoses are discussed. EVIDENCE BASE: The review draws on published evidence and the authors' combined expertise in feline medicine, mycology, dermatology, clinical pathology and anatomical pathology.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Coccidioidomicose , Dermatomicoses , Histoplasmose , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Gatos , Animais , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas/veterinária , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Coccidioidomicose/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Histoplasmose/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico
10.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(1): e36619, 2024 Jan 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181249

RESUMO

RATIONALE: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) is a rare subtype of acute myelogenous leukaemia. With advances in treatment regimens, namely, introduction of all-trans-retinoicacid, outcomes have drastically improved, its side effects should not be ignored. Mycosis fungoides is one of the side effects of all-trans-retinoicacid treatment, but it may also be a clinical manifestation before disease progression. However, it rarely appears and is easily overlooked. This leads to being easily misled during the treatment process, affecting the treatment plan, and resulting in adverse consequences. Therefore, early identification and judgment can not only provide appropriate treatment options, but also prevent and treat further disease progression. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was hospitalized for pancytopaenia. After completing the examination, the patient was finally diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (acute myelogenous leukaemia-M3). We administered tretinoin and arsenous acid. Evaluation of the treatment effect on the 7th day after chemotherapy showed that the bone marrow morphology showed complete remission. After the second course of chemotherapy, the patient developed red miliary macular papules, which gradually worsened. After completing relevant inspections, Considering that the cases was complicated with skin mycosis fungoides, the patient was treated with budesonide ointment and methylprednisolone as chemotherapy. DIAGNOSES: Upon examination, the patient was initially diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Evaluation of the treatment effect on the 7th day after chemotherapy showed that the bone marrow morphology showed complete remission. After the second course of chemotherapy, we discovered the patient was diagnosed with skin mycosis fungoides. INTERVENTIONS: Systemic chemotherapy is first given when a patient was diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. After the patient happened skin mycosis fungoides, We have adjusted the treatment plan and supplemented it with other treatment plans based on the original chemotherapy, After 2 months of treatment, his condition gradually improved. OUTCOMES: All-trans-retinoicacid in the treatment of APL must be given attention because mycosis fungoides should not only be distinguished from infectious diseases but also be further assessed with regard to disease progression and metastasis. LESSONS: Acute promyelocytic leukemia needs to be treated with arsenic trioxide. All-trans-retinoicacid in the treatment of APL must be given attention mycosis fungoides. Early diagnosis can guide accurate treatment, which is of great help in alleviating the pain of patients and improving the cure rate.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda , Micose Fungoide , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Micose Fungoide/diagnóstico , Micose Fungoide/tratamento farmacológico , Pele , Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico
11.
Mycoses ; 67(1): e13678, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38214426

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In superficial fungal infections, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the spread of infection and minimise the impact on patients' quality of life. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as KOH smear and fungal culture, have limitations in terms of sensitivity and turnaround time. Recently, the PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR-REBA) has been developed for the direct detection of dermatophyte DNA. However, there is a lack of information assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-REBA. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-REBA in superficial fungal infections compared to conventional and molecular methods. METHODS: The comprehensive search containing Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted on 7 August 2022. Two reviewers independently reviewed the included articles. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tool. RESULTS: The included studies were conducted in Korea (five studies) and the Netherlands (two studies), all of which were conducted in a single institution. The quality assessment of these studies indicated low risk of bias. When compared to the potassium hydroxide (KOH) smear and fungus culture, the sensitivity of PCR-REBA ranged from 85% to 100%, and the positive predictive values ranged from 58.9% to 100%. When compared to the RT-PCR, the sensitivity of PCR-REBA ranged from 93.3% to 100%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 91.6%-99.6% and 81.0%-89.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR-REBA shows promise as a valuable diagnostic tool for dermatophytosis, offering practical and cost-effective benefits.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fungos/genética , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos
12.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis ; 104: 102100, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38043450

RESUMO

Microsporum canis is considered the common dermatophyte agent associated with ringworm in felines and canines. In the present study, we sampled n = 548 felines and canines for the probable isolation of M. canis. The rate of isolation from the cats and dogs was 70.27 % (52/74) and 1.68 % (8/474), respectively and Persian cats were found to be highly susceptible to M. canis infection. The strains were evaluated for their production of phospholipase, lipase, catalase, and hemolysis and their ability to grow at 35 â„ƒ. All the strains were identified as low producers of catalase and n = 17 strains exhibited high thermotolerance ability. Terbinafine was found to be the most effective antifungal drug and fluconazole was the least effective, in vitro. AFLP analysis revealed three genotypes of M. canis with 15 sub-clusters showing ≥ 90 % similarity and 7 sub-clusters exhibiting 100 % similarity. However, the phenotypic characters cannot be attributed based on the AFLP profiles.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Dermatomicoses , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Catalase/farmacologia , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Impressões Digitais de DNA/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Microsporum/genética
13.
Mol Ecol ; 33(2): e17210, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38010927

RESUMO

Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife species caused by pathogenic fungi are of growing concern, yet crucial knowledge gaps remain for diseases with potentially large impacts. For example, there is detailed knowledge about host pathology and mechanisms underlying response for chytridiomycosis in amphibians and white-nose syndrome in bats, but such information is lacking for other more recently described fungal infections. One such disease is ophidiomycosis, caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophidiicola, which has been identified in many species of snakes, yet the biological mechanisms and molecular changes occurring during infection are unknown. To gain this information, we performed a controlled experimental infection in captive Prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) with O. ophidiicola at two different temperatures: 20 and 26°C. We then compared liver, kidney, and skin transcriptomes to assess tissue-specific genetic responses to O. ophidiicola infection. Given previous histopathological studies and the fact that snakes are ectotherms, we expected highest fungal activity on skin and a significant impact of temperature on host response. Although we found fungal activity to be localized on skin, most of the differential gene expression occurred in internal tissues. Infected snakes at the lower temperature had the highest host mortality whereas two-thirds of the infected snakes at the higher temperature survived. Our results suggest that ophidiomycosis is likely a systemic disease with long-term effects on host response. Our analysis also identified candidate protein coding genes that are potentially involved in host response, providing genetic tools for studies of host response to ophidiomycosis in natural populations.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Biológicos , Dermatomicoses , Animais , Dermatomicoses/genética , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Crotalus , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica
14.
Australas J Dermatol ; 65(1): 59-62, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37927148

RESUMO

There is increasing evidence of clinically resistant cutaneous fungal infections. The use of combination oral antifungals is described in adults but not in paediatric patients. We present seven paediatric cases of clinically resistant fungal infections treated successfully with combination oral antifungal therapy after inadequate response to a single agent.


Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Dermatomicoses , Criança , Humanos , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral
15.
J Basic Microbiol ; 64(1): 22-31, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37551993

RESUMO

Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. We investigated a critical adhesion protein, subtilisin 3, utilized by Microsporum canis during initial stages of infection, analyzing its production and expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, as this protein must be expressed and produced for dermatophyte infections to occur, we developed and optimized a diagnostic antibody assay targeting this protein. Subtilisin 3 levels were increased in culture when grown in baffled flasks and supplemented with either l-cysteine or cat hair. As subtilisin 3 was also produced in cultures not supplemented with keratin or cysteine, this study demonstrated that subtilisin 3 production is not reliant on the presence of keratin or its derivatives. These findings could help direct future metabolic studies of dermatophytes, particularly during the adherence phase of infections.


Assuntos
Dermatomicoses , Subtilisina , Animais , Humanos , Subtilisina/metabolismo , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Queratinas , Microsporum/metabolismo
16.
Pol J Vet Sci ; 26(4): 629-634, 2023 Dec 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38088306

RESUMO

Dermatophytes from Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton genera are divided into geophilic, zoophilic and anthropophilic species which cause skin infection in humans and wide group of animals, mainly mammals. Main species causing dermatophytosis in dogs and cats are Microsporum and Trichophyton. Conventional mycological diagnostic technique includes Saburaud Dextrose Agar (SAD) and others medium cultures, 10% KOH mount and direct microscopy of hairs and scraping. Molecular diagnostic become more frequent in veterinary practice due to shortening of waiting time. In this study we based on two PCR methods. The nested PCR amplified CHS1 gene for dermatophytes detection, and multiplex PCR coding ITS1 and ITS2 fragments for species identification of detected derpatophytes. Most frequently detected species was Microsporum canis, mainly in young cats. Geophilic Microsporum gypseum and anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum was found primarily in dogs. Molecular methods in dermatophytosis identification are rapid in contrast to routinely, long lasting culture.


Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Doenças do Gato , Dermatomicoses , Doenças do Cão , Tinha , Humanos , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Arthrodermataceae/genética , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Polônia/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Microsporum/genética , Trichophyton/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Tinha/diagnóstico , Tinha/epidemiologia , Tinha/veterinária , Mamíferos/genética
17.
Multimedia | Recursos Multimídia, MULTIMEDIA-SMS-SP | ID: multimedia-12386

RESUMO

Vídeo informativo sobre dermatomicose, ou dermatofitose, doença de pele que pode afetar a pele dos cães, gatos e seres humanos


Assuntos
Tinha , Dermatomicoses , Zoonoses ,
18.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng ; 9(12): 6870-6879, 2023 Dec 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37943794

RESUMO

Dermatomycoses are typical hair, skin, or nail infections caused mainly by dermatophytes and nondermatophytes: Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Candida. In addition to the esthetical impact, pain, and nail deformity, these mycoses can be a source of severe disease. The high cost of treatment, toxicity, and the emergence of resistant infectious agents justifies research into new drugs. This work evaluates the fungicidal activity of nanocomposites (NCs) based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) loaded with silver (Ag) nanoparticles (rGO/Ag) against clinical isolates of dermatophytes and Candida species. This is an unprecedented study in which, for the first time, hybrid nanocompounds based on Ag/rGO were tested against Epidermophytom, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species (dermatophytes agents). In this paper, we synthesize rGO using different concentrations of Ag by hydrolysis of metal salt AgNO3 and follow the growth of nanocrystals on sheets of rGO provided by the NaBH4. The NCs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and the NC morphology, silver distribution on the rGO surface, and crystalline information were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Antifungal susceptibility assay was performed by the microdilution method based on modified Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol. Time-kill kinetics was conducted to monitor the effect of the composite to inhibit fungal cells or promote structural changes, avoiding germination. The toxicological evaluation of the NCs was born in an in vivo model based on Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the rGO/Ag NCs ranged from 1.9 to 125 µg/mL. The best inhibitory activity was obtained for rGO/Ag12%, mainly against Candida spp. and Epidermophyton floccosum. In the presence of sorbitol, MIC values of rGO/Ag NCs were higher (ranging from 15.6 to 250 µg/mL), indicating the action mechanism on the cell wall. Both yeast and dermatophytes clinical isolates were inhibited at a minimum of 6 and 24 h, respectively, but after 2 and 12 h, they had initial antifungal interference. All hybrid formulations of rGO/Ag NCs were not toxic for G. mellonella. This study provides insights into an alternative therapeutic strategy for controlling dermatomycoses.


Assuntos
Arthrodermataceae , Dermatomicoses , Nanocompostos , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Candida , Prata/farmacologia , Trichophyton , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico
19.
Med Mycol J ; 64(4): 79-83, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38030275

RESUMO

The Malassezia species are dimorphic fungi that require lipids such as olive oil for their growth. They are constituents of the normal human skin microbiota and can affix to the host or other surfaces through the establishment of biofilms. Malassezia species are accountable for superficial mycoses like folliculitis. Additionally, they are capable of causing invasive infections, such as of the bloodstream, in neonates and immunocompromised patients, albeit infrequently. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in neonates are the most commonly reported invasive cases. Remarkably, unlike other invasive fungal infections, neutropenia and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics do not seem to contribute to the risk of invasive Malassezia infections. Nosocomial outbreaks of Malassezia infections have been reported. While most cases of invasive Malassezia infection are fungemia, they seldom give rise to disseminated lesions in various organs. The diagnosis can be confirmed by the visualization of characteristic yeasts through histologic or cytologic examination of a biopsy or needle aspiration specimen, or via positive culture results from sterile sites. The prognosis for invasive Malassezia infection is generally favorable, with few reports of treatment failure. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of cases, evidence-based treatment recommendations are wanting. Management of invasive Malassezia infections linked to central venous catheters includes removal of the catheter, cessation of intravenous lipid emulsion, and intravenous administration of appropriate antifungal agents.


Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Dermatomicoses , Infecções Fúngicas Invasivas , Malassezia , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/complicações
20.
Med Mycol J ; 64(4): 85-94, 2023.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38030276

RESUMO

This is a report of the results of the epidemiological survey on dermatomycoses conducted in 2021. A total of 9,442 patients with dermatomycosis were reported for one year. They include 8,151 (86.3%) with dermatophytosis, 796 (8.4%) with candidiasis, 484 (5.1%) with Malassezia infection, and 11 (0.1%) with deep cutaneous mycosis. In order, the most common types of dermatophytoses were tinea pedis (4,195 cases, 2,341 males and 1,854 females), tinea unguium (2,711 cases, 1,509 males and 1,202 females), tinea corporis (674 cases, 445 males and 229 females), tinea cruris (399 cases, 305 males and 94 females), tinea manus (125 cases, 78 males and 47 females), and tinea capitis (47 cases, 25 males and 22 females). The number of cases of tinea pedis and tinea unguium increased during the summer. A higher percentage of patients were aged 80 or older than in previous surveys. These findings may reflect the increasing percentage of elderly patients seen and the superannuation of the population. As in previous surveys, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale were the two most frequently isolated species of fungi causing dermatophytoses. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans were the two species most often causing tinea capitis.Regarding cutaneous candidiasis, while candidal intertrigo was the most common in previous surveys, diaper candidiasis in the elderly was the most common in this survey. A background check revealed that this was because a facility included a semi-prophylactic approach to address diaper candidiasis occurring within the ward.Malassezia infections by Malassezia folliculitis clearly increased with each survey. The tendency of certain facilities with many reports of Malassezia folliculitis suggests that it is greatly affected by the presence of physicians familiar with the disease.


Assuntos
Candidíase Cutânea , Candidíase , Dermatomicoses , Foliculite , Onicomicose , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo , Tinha , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Tinha dos Pés/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/epidemiologia , Dermatomicoses/microbiologia , Onicomicose/epidemiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Tinha/epidemiologia , Tinha/microbiologia , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Trichophyton
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