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1.
Parasit Vectors ; 17(1): 134, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38491547

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The global temperature has significantly risen in the past century. Studies have indicated that higher temperature intensifies malaria transmission in tropical and temperate countries. Temperature fluctuations will have a potential impact on parasite development in the vector Anopheles mosquito. METHODS: Year-long microclimate temperatures were recorded from a malaria-endemic area, Chennai, India, from September 2021 to August 2022. HOBO data loggers were placed in different vector resting sites including indoor and outdoor roof types. Downloaded temperatures were categorised by season, and the mean temperature was compared with data from the same study area recorded from November 2012 to October 2013. The extrinsic incubation period for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax was calculated from longitudinal temperatures recorded during both periods. Vector surveillance was also carried out in the area during the summer season. RESULTS: In general, temperature and daily temperature range (DTR) have increased significantly compared to the 2012-2013 data, especially the DTR of indoor asbestos structures, from 4.30 â„ƒ to 12.62 â„ƒ in 2021-2022, unlike the marginal increase observed in thatched and concrete structures. Likewise, the average DTR of outdoor asbestos structures increased from 5.02 â„ƒ (2012-2013) to 8.76 â„ƒ (2021-2022) although the increase was marginal in thatched structures and, surprisingly, showed no such changes in concrete structures. The key finding of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) is that a decreasing trend was observed in 2021-2022 compared to 2012-2013, mainly in indoor asbestos structures from 7.01 to 6.35 days, which negatively correlated with the current observation of an increase in temperature. Vector surveillance undertaken in the summer season revealed the presence of Anopheles breeding in various habitats. Anopheles stephensi could be collected using CDC light traps along with other mosquito species. CONCLUSION: The microclimate temperature has increased significantly over the years, and mosquitoes are gradually adapting to this rising temperature. Temperature negatively correlates with the extrinsic incubation period of the parasite. As the temperature increases, the development of the parasite in An. stephensi will be faster because of a decrease in EIP, thus requiring relatively fewer days, posing a risk for disease transmission and a hindrance to malaria elimination efforts.


Assuntos
Anopheles , Amianto , Malária Vivax , Malária , Parasitos , Animais , Temperatura , Mudança Climática , Biodiversidade , Período de Incubação de Doenças Infecciosas , Índia/epidemiologia , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Mosquitos Vetores/parasitologia , Anopheles/parasitologia
2.
BMC Public Health ; 24(1): 832, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38500093

RESUMO

Understanding the burden associated with occupational asbestos exposure on a global and regional scale is necessary to implement coordinated prevention and control strategies. By the GBD Study 2019, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the non-communicable diseases burden attributable to occupational asbestos exposure. In 2019, 239,330 deaths and 4,189,000 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide due to occupational asbestos exposure occurred. 1990-2019, deaths and DALYs attributed to occupational asbestos exposure increased by 65.65% and 43.66%, respectively. Age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) decreased, with the most rapid declines in high Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions, with average annual percent change (AAPC) of - 1.05(95%CI: -1.2, -0.89) and -1.53(95%CI: -1.71, -1.36), respectively. Lung cancer, mesothelioma and ovarian cancer were the top three contributors to the increase in deaths and DALYs, accounting for more than 96%. AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR were positively associated with SDI. Global deaths from occupational asbestos exposure were predicted to increase and ASMR to decrease by 2035, mostly in males. Due consideration should be given to the susceptibility of the elderly, the lag of asbestos onset, and the regional differences, and constantly improve the prevention and control measures of occupational asbestos exposure and related diseases.


Assuntos
Amianto , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Exposição Ocupacional , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Carga Global da Doença , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Amianto/toxicidade , Saúde Global
3.
J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol ; 43(2): 13-27, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38505910

RESUMO

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare type of cancer, and its main risk factor is exposure to asbestos. Accordingly, our knowledge of the genomic structure of an MPM tumor is limited when compared to other cancers. In this study, we aimed to characterize complex genomic rearrangement patterns and variations to better understand the genomics of MPM tumors. We comparatively scanned 3 MPM tumor genomes by Whole-Genome Sequencing and High-Resolution SNP array. We also used various computational algorithms to detect both CNAs and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic data obtained from each bioinformatics tool are interpreted comparatively to better understand CNAs and cancer-related Nucleotide variations in MPM tumors. In patients 1 and 2, we found pathogenic nucleotide variants of BAP1, RB1, and TP53. These two MPM genomes exhibited a highly rearranged chromosomal rearrangement pattern resembling Chromomanagesis particularly in the form of Chromoanasynthesis. In patient 3, we found nucleotide variants of important cancer-related genes, including TGFBR1, KMT2C, and PALLD, to have lower chromosomal rearrangement complexity compared with patients 1 and 2. We also detected several actionable nucleotide variants including XRCC1, ERCC2. We also discovered the SKA3-DDX10 fusion in two MPM genomes, which is a novel finding for MPM. We found that MPM genomes are very complex, suggesting that this highly rearranged pattern is strongly related to driver mutational status like BAP1, TP53 and RB1.


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Humanos , Mesotelioma Maligno/genética , Mesotelioma Maligno/complicações , Mesotelioma/induzido quimicamente , Mesotelioma/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Amianto/toxicidade , Genômica , Nucleotídeos , Proteína Grupo D do Xeroderma Pigmentoso , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-X , RNA Helicases DEAD-box
4.
J Environ Manage ; 355: 120507, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457895

RESUMO

The "asbestos problem" arises from the fact that asbestos is still abundant in many buildings and represents a hazard for human health. Current strategies adopted by law aiming at mitigating this hazard are far from being ideal. A smarter solution would be an energy sustainable detoxification treatment followed by recycling. If adopted, it would preserve the environment from pollution, natural resources from depletion and human health from hazard. Asbestos-cement slates were thermally deactivated through a sustainable process and reused in mortar for plaster applications. We found that the addition up to 7 wt% of the deactivated product does not affect significantly the water demand; does not affect thixotropy, stickiness and spreadability of the plastic mixture; slightly increases the strength of the mortar; does not compromise mechanical properties after aging. Considering the huge amount of traditional mortar employed worldwide, a rapid end of the "asbestos problem" is envisaged.


Assuntos
Amianto , Materiais de Construção , Humanos , Reciclagem , Poluição Ambiental , Recursos Naturais
5.
Epidemiol Prev ; 48(1): 78-84, 2024.
Artigo em Italiano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482789

RESUMO

The register of malignant mesotheliomas can still play an informative role in the context of both remediation activities and the health surveillance of former asbestos-exposed persons, and become an epidemiological surveillance system on the harmful effects of exposure to asbestos. It must, however, maintain and improve the level of quality achieved, resolve the problems that have emerged in the interaction between the local level (where cases and their exposure histories are identified, registered, assessed, and medical insurance procedures activated) and the central insurance body that also manages the national register, and become an active participant in research, including clinical research. All this is important to meet the social and welfare justice needs of individual cases.


Assuntos
Amianto , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Exposição Ocupacional , Neoplasias Pleurais , Humanos , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Mesotelioma/etiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/etiologia , Itália/epidemiologia , Amianto/toxicidade
7.
Scand J Work Environ Health ; 50(2): 53-60, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38323897

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This paper discusses the failure and success of society to decrease the adverse health effects of asbestos exposure on workers' health in relation to scientific knowledge. METHODS: The findings are based on a narrative literature review. RESULTS: Early warnings of the adverse health effects of workplace exposure to asbestos were published already in the 1930s. Serious health effects, such as malignancies and fibrosis due to occupational asbestos exposure, were highlighted in major medical journals and textbooks in late 1960s. New technologies could detect also asbestos fibers in the lung of non-occupational exposed persons in the 1970s. The first bans for using asbestos came in the early 1970s, and more general bans by authorities came in the 1980s and continue until today. CONCLUSIONS: The rather late recognition of adverse effects of asbestos exposure in the general population and measures to decrease the exposure through more general bans came rather late. However, the very strong measures such as general bans in many countries have been a success. A Swedish study showed that the general ban and other measures have decreased the risk of malignancies due to occupational exposure. The effect of the bans on adverse effects in the general population has yet to be studied. Analysis of fibers in the lungs of persons born after the bans could be an efficient method.


Assuntos
Amianto , Asbestose , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma , Neoplasias , Exposição Ocupacional , Saúde Ocupacional , Humanos , Saúde Pública , Amianto/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Mesotelioma/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Asbestose/epidemiologia
8.
Chem Biol Interact ; 390: 110895, 2024 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301883

RESUMO

Asbestos has been widely used due to its unique characteristics. It is known that exposure to asbestos causes serious damage to health but one species, chrysolite, is still used because it is considered less toxic and not biopersistent in some countries. The aim of our study was to investigate if cellular process underlying the proliferation, differentiation and cell death of placental tissues could be modify in presence of asbestos fibres (50 µg/ml final concentration), long chrysolite fibres (CHR-L) and short chrysolite fibres (CHR-S), using BeWo cell line, an in vitro model that mimics the syncytiotrophoblast (STB), the outer layer of placental villi. Our data demonstrated that none of the fibres analysed alter syncytiotrophoblast formation but all of them induce ROS formation and reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, we showed that only CHR-L fibre induced was able to induce irreversible DNA alterations that carried cells to apoptosis. In fact, BeWo cells exposed to CHR-L fibre showed a significant increase in cleaved CASP3 protein, a marker of apoptosis. These data suggest that CHR-L may induce death of the placental villi leading to impaired placental development. The impairment of placental development is the basis of many gestational pathologies such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Since these pathologies are very dangerous for foetal and maternal life, we suggest to the gynaecologists to carefully evaluate the area of maternal residence, the working environment, the food used, and the materials used daily to avoid contact with these fibres as much as possible.


Assuntos
Amianto , Placenta , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Fibras Minerais/toxicidade , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Amianto/metabolismo , Amianto/toxicidade , Apoptose
9.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(2)2024 Feb 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341199

RESUMO

Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is difficult to differentiate from other mesotheliomas. Here, we describe the case of a man in his early 80s with sarcomatoid mesothelioma and a history of asbestos exposure. He initially presented with right-sided chest pain and was examined. Right-sided pleural effusion was detected; therefore, he was hospitalised. Based on the observed pleural effusion and biopsy result, the presence of a malignant tumour was excluded; hence, he was diagnosed with benign asbestos pleurisy. He subsequently developed left-sided pleural effusion, masses and lung nodules, and died 9.5 months after the initial examination. A definitive diagnosis of sarcomatoid mesothelioma with rapid systemic progression was established after detailed investigations using autopsy specimens. This rare case of mesothelioma-without p16 deletion (detected using fluorescence in situ hybridisation)-presented differently from the usual sarcomatoid mesothelioma.


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Derrame Pleural , Neoplasias Pleurais , Humanos , Masculino , Progressão da Doença , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/genética , Mesotelioma/patologia , Neoplasias Pleurais/patologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
11.
Lung Cancer ; 189: 107478, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38301599

RESUMO

As asbestos fibers and other fine particles have been studied extensively to correlate physical and chemical properties with their potential for negative human health impact on inhalation, there remains no concise definitions for the individual particle types nor collective considerations of combined variabilities. Extensive studies relating negative health to asbestos morphology, chemistry, surface effects, and biodurability form general qualitative bins of what is more likely causative or less, but do not provide enough information to quantitatively dismiss particles with parameters outside any given range. Further, natural mineral species and accessory mineralization makes standardization of universally applicable reference materials nearly unobtainable. With modern advent of engineered nanoparticles, we are adding even more unknowns to the universe of the microscopic size fraction and its potential for human disease, and our paradigm is challenged.


Assuntos
Amianto , Calcinose , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Minerais
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396947

RESUMO

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) develops primarily from asbestos exposures and has a poor prognosis. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas was used to perform a comprehensive survival analysis, which identified the CHST4 gene as a potential predictor of favorable overall survival for patients with MPM. An enrichment analysis of favorable prognostic genes, including CHST4, showed immune-related ontological terms, whereas an analysis of unfavorable prognostic genes indicated cell-cycle-related terms. CHST4 mRNA expression in MPM was significantly correlated with Bindea immune-gene signatures. To validate the relationship between CHST4 expression and prognosis, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of CHST4 protein expression in 23 surgical specimens from surgically treated patients with MPM who achieved macroscopic complete resection. The score calculated from the proportion and intensity staining was used to compare the intensity of CHST4 gene expression, which showed that CHST4 expression was stronger in patients with a better postoperative prognosis. The median overall postoperative survival was 107.8 months in the high-expression-score group and 38.0 months in the low-score group (p = 0.044, log-rank test). Survival after recurrence was also significantly improved by CHST4 expression. These results suggest that CHST4 is useful as a prognostic biomarker in MPM.


Assuntos
Amianto , Mesotelioma Maligno , Humanos , Amianto/toxicidade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Mesotelioma Maligno/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma Maligno/genética , Análise de Sobrevida
13.
Environ Pollut ; 345: 123531, 2024 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38341059

RESUMO

Occupational exposure to carcinogens of increasing cancer risk have been extensively suggested. A robust assessment of these evidence is needed to guide public policy and health care. We aimed to classify the strength of evidence for associations of 13 occupational carcinogens (OCs) and risk of cancers. We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to November 2022 to identify potentially relevant studies. We graded the evidence into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant according to a standardized classification based on: random-effects p value, number of cancer cases, 95% confidence interval of largest study, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small study effect, excess significance bias and sensitivity analyses with credibility ceilings. The quality of meta-analysis was evaluated by AMSTAR 2. Forty-eight articles yielded 79 meta-analyses were included in current umbrella review. Evidence of associations were convincing (class I) or highly suggeastive (class II) for asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers (RR = 8.79, 95%CI: 5.81-13.25 for cohort studies and OR = 8.68, 95%CI: 5.68-13.24 for case-control studies), asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma (RR = 4.61, 95%CI: 2.57-8.26), and formaldehyde exposure and increasing risk of sinonasal cancer (RR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.38-2.05). Fifteen associations were supported by suggestive evidence (class III). In summary, the current umbrella review found strong associations between: asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers; asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma; and formaldehyde exposure and higher risk of sinonasal cancer. Other associations might be genuine, but substantial uncertainty remains.


Assuntos
Amianto , Formaldeído/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma , Exposição Ocupacional , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos
14.
Ultrastruct Pathol ; 48(2): 137-148, 2024 Mar 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38192052

RESUMO

Asbestosis, defined as diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers, occurs after heavy exposures to asbestos dust over several decades. Because workplace exposures have been significantly curtailed since the banning of asbestos in insulation products, we were interested in examining the clinicopathological characteristics of cases diagnosed in the 21st century. The consultation files of one of the authors (VLR) were reviewed for cases of asbestosis diagnosed since 1/1/2001. 102 cases were identified, with a median age of 75 years (range: 45-89). There were 100 men and 2 women. The women were from Turkey and Brazil (none from the United States). Malignancies were present in 78 cases, including 38 lung cancers, 29 pleural mesotheliomas, and 8 peritoneal mesotheliomas. The grade of asbestosis was available in 88 cases (median severity of 2; scale: 1-4). Pleural plaque was present in 94% of cases. The most common exposure categories were insulators (39), shipyard workers (16), asbestos manufacturing (9), boiler workers (8) and pipefitter/welders (6). The median duration of exposure was 33 years (range: 2-49 years). Lung fiber burden analysis was performed in 34 cases, with amosite being the predominant fiber type. Results were compared with similar information for 475 cases diagnosed prior to 1/1/2001.


Assuntos
Amianto , Asbestose , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Exposição Ocupacional , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Asbestose/patologia , Pulmão/patologia , Mesotelioma/complicações , Mesotelioma/patologia , Amianto Amosita , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia
15.
Part Fibre Toxicol ; 21(1): 3, 2024 Jan 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38297314

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that often originates in the pleural and peritoneal mesothelium. Exposure to asbestos is a frequent cause. However, studies in rodents have shown that certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can also induce malignant mesothelioma. The exact mechanisms are still unclear. To gain further insights into molecular pathways leading to carcinogenesis, we analyzed tumors in Wistar rats induced by intraperitoneal application of MWCNTs and amosite asbestos. Using transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches, we compared the tumors by inducer (MWCNTs or amosite asbestos) or by tumor type (sarcomatoid, epithelioid, or biphasic). RESULTS: Genome-wide transcriptome datasets, whether grouped by inducer or tumor type, showed a high number of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to control peritoneal tissues. Bioinformatic evaluations using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that while the transcriptome datasets shared commonalities, they also showed differences in DEGs, regulated canonical pathways, and affected molecular functions. In all datasets, among highly- scoring predicted canonical pathways were Phagosome Formation, IL8 Signaling, Integrin Signaling, RAC Signaling, and TREM1 Signaling. Top-scoring activated molecular functions included cell movement, invasion of cells, migration of cells, cell transformation, and metastasis. Notably, we found many genes associated with malignant mesothelioma in humans, which showed similar expression changes in the rat tumor transcriptome datasets. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret or upregulation of Rnd3 and Gadd45b in all or most of the 36 tumors analyzed. Bisulfite sequencing of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret revealed heterogeneity in DNA methylation of promoter regions. However, higher methylation percentages were observed in some tumors compared to control tissues. Lastly, global 5mC DNA, m6A RNA and 5mC RNA methylation levels were also higher in tumors than in control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may help better understand how exposure to MWCNTs can lead to carcinogenesis. This information is valuable for risk assessment and in the development of safe-by-design strategies.


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Nanotubos de Carbono , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Mesotelioma Maligno/complicações , Mesotelioma Maligno/genética , Amianto Amosita/toxicidade , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidade , Mesotelioma/induzido quimicamente , Mesotelioma/genética , Transcriptoma , Ratos Wistar , Amianto/toxicidade , Carcinogênese/induzido quimicamente , Carcinogênese/genética , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Antígenos de Diferenciação/toxicidade
16.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(6): 9857-9866, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38198092

RESUMO

Asbestos has been used extensively in the construction industry for its superior insulation properties before its health hazards were discovered and its use eventually banned. It is likely that many residential buildings built before the 2000s in Turkey contain asbestos. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness of the potential danger of asbestos exposure during demolition work and to identify asbestos-containing materials and ensure their safe removal and disposal. This study is executed to determine the residential dwellings containing asbestos in Izmir, Turkey. The research included field studies to determine asbestos presence in the buildings that were damaged during the 2020 earthquake. Air measurements and bulk samples were taken from 50 buildings that would go through the demolition process. Eleven buildings were found to contain asbestos which corresponds to 22%. The detected asbestos type was 60% chrysotile (white asbestos). Results could be helpful for future demolition work, which are conducted in the same region that includes buildings with similar properties. Also, it is expected that the database created for this study could be useful in other studies in Turkey, where accurate statistical data related with asbestos measurements is essentially non-existent.


Assuntos
Amianto , Indústria da Construção , Turquia , Materiais de Construção , Amianto/análise , Asbestos Serpentinas
18.
Environ Health Perspect ; 132(1): 17005, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38236172

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: While much research has been done to identify individual workplace lung carcinogens, little is known about joint effects on risk when workers are exposed to multiple agents. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the pairwise joint effects of occupational exposures to asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, metals (i.e., nickel, chromium-VI), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on lung cancer risk, overall and by major histologic subtype, while accounting for cigarette smoking. METHODS: In the international 14-center SYNERGY project, occupational exposures were assigned to 16,901 lung cancer cases and 20,965 control subjects using a quantitative job-exposure matrix (SYN-JEM). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for ever vs. never exposure using logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for study center, age, and smoking habits. Joint effects among pairs of agents were assessed on multiplicative and additive scales, the latter by calculating the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). RESULTS: All pairwise joint effects of lung carcinogens in men were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, asbestos/metals and metals/PAH resulted in less than additive effects; while the chromium-VI/silica pair showed marginally synergistic effect in relation to adenocarcinoma (RERI: 0.24; CI: 0.02, 0.46; p = 0.05). In women, several pairwise joint effects were observed for small cell lung cancer including exposure to PAH/silica (OR = 5.12; CI: 1.77, 8.48), and to asbestos/silica (OR = 4.32; CI: 1.35, 7.29), where exposure to PAH/silica resulted in a synergistic effect (RERI: 3.45; CI: 0.10, 6.8). DISCUSSION: Small or no deviation from additive or multiplicative effects was observed, but co-exposure to the selected lung carcinogens resulted generally in higher risk than exposure to individual agents, highlighting the importance to reduce and control exposure to carcinogens in workplaces and the general environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13380.


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Exposição Ocupacional , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromo/toxicidade , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/toxicidade , Dióxido de Silício/toxicidade , Pulmão , Amianto/toxicidade
19.
Ann Work Expo Health ; 68(1): 8-18, 2024 01 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37950621

RESUMO

Asbestos cement (AC) is used in water pipes, roofing, exterior siding, water tanks, cooling towers, and other applications. Although the global market for asbestos is slowly shrinking, AC products continue to dominate the remaining uses in many countries. This review focuses on asbestos exposures during the installation, maintenance, and ultimate removal of these materials. This assessment summarizes the available published and unpublished reports of airborne asbestos exposures during the cutting and removal of AC pipes, roofing, sheets, and cooling tower components and the range of exposures associated with the most common work practices. Task-based exposures from cutting AC pipe ranged from 11.3 to 129.0 f/cm3 with a mean exposure of 53.8 f/cm3. Cutting flat boards and corrugated roofing AC sheets resulted in exposures ranging from 1.3 to 130.0 f/cm3 with a mean of 24.0 f/cm3. Exposures for power saw cutting of AC sheets and pipes fit lognormal distributions and suggest that more than 86% of these tasks with AC sheet and 100% of the tasks with AC pipe exceed the US short-term Excursion Limit. Intermittent high exposures from the ongoing use of AC products in countries around the world are associated with an increased lifetime risk of asbestos-related disease.


Assuntos
Amianto , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos
20.
Genes Chromosomes Cancer ; 63(1): e23189, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37421230

RESUMO

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer a long latency period (up to 40 years) between asbestos exposure and disease presentation. The mechanisms coupling asbestos to recurrent somatic alterations are poorly defined. Gene fusions arising through genomic instability may create novel drivers during early MPM evolution. We explored the gene fusions that occurred early in the evolutionary history of the tumor. We conducted multiregional whole exome sequencing (WES) of 106 samples from 20 patients undergoing pleurectomy decortication and identified 24 clonal nonrecurrent gene fusions, three of which were novel (FMO9P-OR2W5, GBA3, and SP9). The number of early gene fusion events detected varied from zero to eight per tumor, and presence of gene fusions was associated with clonal losses involving the Hippo pathway genes and homologous recombination DNA repair genes. Fusions involved known tumor suppressors BAP1, MTAP, and LRP1B, and a clonal oncogenic fusion involving CACNA1D-ERC2, PARD3B-NT5DC2, and STAB2-NT5DC2 fusions were also identified as clonal fusions. Gene fusions events occur early during MPM evolution. Individual fusions are rare as no recurrent truncal fusions event were found. This suggests the importance of early disruption of these pathways in generating genomic rearrangements resulting in potentially oncogenic gene fusions.


Assuntos
Amianto , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Mesotelioma Maligno , Mesotelioma , Humanos , Mesotelioma Maligno/genética , Via de Sinalização Hippo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Mesotelioma/genética , Reparo do DNA/genética , Fusão Gênica
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