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1.
Appetite ; 196: 107272, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38417532

RESUMO

Keeping a distance from food animals helps alleviate moral conflicts associated with meat consumption. Prior research on the 'meat paradox' has shown that physical distance from animals reduces negative emotional responses when consuming meat. However, even with physical distance, the presence of animals in meat advertisements and packaging can establish psychological contact. The impact of psychological distance on meat consumption and purchase inclinations has not been well explored. Through four experiments, we discovered that animal anthropomorphism psychologically brings consumers closer to food animals, resulting in reduced intentions to consume and purchase meat. Anthropomorphized animal images notably reduced social psychological distance for consumers with moderate to high (vs. lower) levels of anthropomorphic tendencies. Furthermore, the effect of anthropomorphism was influenced by moral self-efficacy. Specifically, when social psychological distance was reduced, consumers with higher (vs. lower) moral self-efficacy exhibited a significant decrease in their willingness to consume and purchase meat. These findings expand our understanding of the role of anthropomorphism in meat marketing, its limitations, and offer insights for sales strategies. Additionally, the research could inform public health policies on meat consumption, addressing environmental and ethical concerns tied to meat production amid growing worries about animal welfare.


Assuntos
Distanciamento Físico , Distância Psicológica , Animais , Carne , Emoções , Intenção , Comportamento do Consumidor
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 1990, 2024 01 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38263192

RESUMO

Metacognition of emotion (meta-emotion) refers to the ability to evaluate and identify one's emotional feelings. No previous study has defined and measured this construct through objective and quantitative procedures. We established a reliable method to measure meta-emotion. With a two-interval forced-choice procedure, participants selected which of two pictures elicited stronger positive emotion; via the Law of Comparative Judgment, their responses were used to compute individual psychological distances for the emotional responses triggered by the pictures. Then, participants were asked to judge whether a pre-exposed picture induced a stronger positive emotion than the median of that elicited by the whole picture set, followed by a confidence rating. By utilizing each individual's psychological distance, the correctness of a participant's emotional experience was quantified by d', and meta-emotion was quantified using meta-d', M-ratio, and M-diff as indices of metacognitive sensitivity and efficiency based on Signal-Detection Theory. Test-retest reliabilities, validated by Spearman correlation, were observed in meta-d', M-ratio, and marginally with M-diff, suggesting the stability of meta-emotion in the current design. This study unveils a validated procedure to quantify meta-emotion, extendable for assessing metacognition of other subjective feelings. Nevertheless, caution is warranted in interpretation, as the measured processes may be influenced by non-metacognitive factors.


Assuntos
Metacognição , Humanos , Emoções , Julgamento , Distância Psicológica
3.
J Health Psychol ; 29(1): 15-27, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37338133

RESUMO

Building on construal level theory, results from a survey based on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 1000) indicate an indirect effect of social distance and temporal distance perception on emotional response, policy support, and vaccination intention through risk perception. This study also reveals that social dominance orientation contributes to perceived psychological distance of the monkeypox outbreak. These results suggest that communication about a public health crisis such as monkeypox needs to emphasize its broader community impact, rather than focusing on the primary population affected.


Assuntos
Distância Psicológica , Adulto , Humanos , Surtos de Doenças , Comunicação , Percepção
4.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 22993, 2023 12 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38151498

RESUMO

To date, little research has been conducted to understand the role of psychological distances on smoking behaviour. Construal Level Theory posits that individuals mentally construe events, objects, or ideas based on their perceived distance in terms of spatial, temporal, social, and hypothetical dimensions, influencing their judgments and decision-making processes. The aim of the current study was (1) to provide a comprehensive exploration of psychological distances of costs and benefits of tobacco smoking and antismoking intention and (2) to examine whether smoking can be attributed to rational behaviour based on the psychological distance weighted balance of perceived costs and benefits of quitting and continuing smoking. Mediation models delineating the relationships among temporal and hypothetical psychological distances, personal relevance and antismoking intention were tested on cross-sectional survey data of 1486 smokers (880 men, Mage = 39.9 years, SD = 13.36). Psychological distances were shown to be important factors in the cognitive evaluation process of smoking behaviour. Perceived temporal distance to smoking continuation/cessation was related to personal importance and hypothetical psychological distances, which were associated with anti-smoking intention. Furthermore, antismoking intention was related to the psychological distance-weighted gain-cost balance of quitting and continuing smoking. The current findings enhance our knowledge of the cognitive evaluation of the outcomes of smoking, indicating that the choice of not quitting smoking may be partially based on a biased rational decision-making process.


Assuntos
Distância Psicológica , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Intenção , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Fumar Tabaco
5.
Curr Opin Psychol ; 54: 101698, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37949008

RESUMO

Leader humor has been considered one of the most promising yet least understood influential tools by psychologists and management scholars. Here, I review the growing body of research on leader humor and its implications for followers and organizations, showing that despite being theorized as a positive leadership tool, leader humor can function as a double-edged sword in bringing both beneficial and detrimental outcomes for followers and organizations.In the process, I identify six distinct mechanisms (three positive and three negative) through which leader humor affects followers. In a way, leader humor can be used to reduce or increase the social and psychological distance between leaders and followers. I also discuss the directions for future research on leader humor.


Assuntos
Liderança , Distância Psicológica , Humanos
6.
Front Public Health ; 11: 1260118, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38026313

RESUMO

Introduction: Stigma is an individual and societal process based on attitudes and power and relates to both spatial disparities and social distinction. In this study, we examined differences in desire for social distance toward people with mental illness within a city using social and spatial information. Methods: ANOVAs and Scheffé post-hoc tests analyzed varying desires for social distance toward people with mental illness within Leipzig (East Germany). Joint Correspondence Analyses (JCA) explored correspondences between desire for social distance, socio-economic status, age, life orientation, social support, duration of living in Leipzig, and shame toward having a mental illness in five city districts of Leipzig in LIFE study participants (by Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Disease, data collected 2011-2014 and 2018-2021, n = 521). Results: Stigma varied among Leipzig's districts (F(df = 4) = 4.52, p = 0.001). JCAs showed that a higher desired social distance toward people with mental illness corresponded with spatial differences, high levels of pessimism, high shame of being mentally ill, low social support, low socio-economic status, and older age (75.74 and 81.22% explained variances). Conclusion: In terms of stigma, where people with mental illness live matters. The results identified target groups that should be addressed by appropriate intervention and prevention strategies for mental health care.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Estereotipagem , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Distância Psicológica , Estigma Social
7.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 12045, 2023 07 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37491371

RESUMO

Modifying behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, is difficult. Creating psychological distance between unhealthy triggers and one's present experience can encourage change. Using two multisite, randomized experiments, we examine whether theory-driven strategies to create psychological distance-mindfulness and perspective-taking-can change drinking behaviors among young adults without alcohol dependence via a 28-day smartphone intervention (Study 1, N = 108 participants, 5492 observations; Study 2, N = 218 participants, 9994 observations). Study 2 presents a close replication with a fully remote delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. During weeks when they received twice-a-day intervention reminders, individuals in the distancing interventions reported drinking less frequently than on control weeks-directionally in Study 1, and significantly in Study 2. Intervention reminders reduced drinking frequency but did not impact amount. We find that smartphone-based mindfulness and perspective-taking interventions, aimed to create psychological distance, can change behavior. This approach requires repeated reminders, which can be delivered via smartphones.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo , COVID-19 , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Alcoolismo/psicologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Distância Psicológica
8.
JAMA ; 329(22): 1990, 2023 06 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37314272
9.
Psychon Bull Rev ; 30(6): 2196-2202, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37166704

RESUMO

construal underlies mental travel. As a result, the human mind associates abstraction and psychological distance, whereby prompting abstract construal begets the inference of psychological distance - in time, social distance, hypotheticality, and physical space. That final distance is the only dimension that can be appraised visually, so would abstract construal impact judgments related to perceived visual distance? Two experiments provide evidence that abstract construal causes targets in the visual field to be judged as physically farther away. Further, the exacerbated sense of distance gives rise to related inferences about those visual targets (size and weight). These results deepen and broaden Construal Level Theory with practical implications for how people reason about the physical properties of objects - including but not limited to their physical distance.


Assuntos
Formação de Conceito , Julgamento , Humanos , Campos Visuais , Distância Psicológica
10.
Risk Anal ; 43(10): 2099-2113, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36807369

RESUMO

Narratives have been identified as an effective tool to communicate seemingly abstract and uncertain risks. This study integrates the construal level theory of psychological distance and narrative persuasion to examine how distance-framed narratives influence young adults' attitude, behavioral intention, and policy support related to ocean plastic pollution. Results from an experimental survey (N = 889) indicate that the narrative featuring socially close characters and spatially close location is least effective in producing persuasive effects. Instead, the narrative depicting socially close characters' encounters at a spatially distant location is more persuasive. Within narrative conditions, the findings support the mediating role of identification and transportation in facilitating narrative effects. Serial mediation of identification/transportation and psychological distance perception was also observed. Findings from this study offer meaningful theoretical and practical implications for strategic communication on ocean plastic pollution.


Assuntos
Comunicação Persuasiva , Distância Psicológica , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Intenção , Comunicação , Narração , Oceanos e Mares
11.
Emotion ; 23(7): 2002-2012, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36808975

RESUMO

Individuals who are better at regulating their emotions have been shown to have better physical and mental health outcomes. One promising emotion regulation strategy is psychological distancing, which involves appraising a stimulus with objectivity or spatial/temporal distance. Language-based psychological distancing (linguistic distancing [LD]) refers to the degree to which one implements psychological distancing naturally via language. A crucial, underexamined mechanism that may account for real-world emotion and health self-reports is spontaneous (i.e., implicit) LD. Using HealthSense, a novel, scalable, mobile health assessment application, we collected lexical transcriptions for personally specific negative and positive events as well as emotion and health-relevant data over 14 days (data collected in 2021) and examined how implicit LD during negative and positive events relates to well-being over time. Primary analyses revealed that higher LD during negative events was associated with lower levels of stress as well as greater emotional and physical well-being within persons. LD during positive events on 1 day predicted greater reports of happiness 2 days later within persons. LD during positive events was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and LD during negative events was associated with greater physical well-being among persons. Exploratory analyses revealed that average depression, rumination, and perceived stress across the 2 weeks were significantly negatively associated with LD during negative events between persons. The present results expand understanding of the relationship between LD and mental and physical health risks and motivate future research on low-burden, scalable interventions involving LD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Regulação Emocional , Emoções , Humanos , Emoções/fisiologia , Linguística , Felicidade , Distância Psicológica
12.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 30(16): 47455-47469, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36740618

RESUMO

Assessing public preferences for air pollution control is essential to achieving effective air quality improvement, but the internal psychological factors affecting public preferences, especially psychological distance (PD), have only received limited attention. Therefore, this paper explores the role of PD in assessing public preferences for air quality improvement policies. Compared with previous studies that consider psychological factors in the choice model, this study incorporates PD into the choice model as a latent variable by considering both individual responses to measurement questions and socio-economic characteristics in the integrated choice and latent variable model. The results of this study clearly show that PD significantly affects public preferences for air quality improvement policies. Respondents with close PD had obvious preferences for air quality improvement, while those with distant PD were satisfied with the current situation and reluctant to improve it. After considering PD in the analysis, respondents' willingness to pay for one-unit level change of attributes "heavily polluted days," "good air days," "mortality," and "policy postponement" were respectively 10.3791CNY, 10.9005CNY, 11.0427CNY, 28.3412CNY per year. In addition, the paper also found men and respondents with lower levels of education and higher monthly incomes tended to view air pollution as psychologically distant and thus less willing to improve air quality. It is suggested that policy makers should reduce the PD of air pollution among these people by increasing publicity about the hazards of air pollution. This study not only contributes to the literature on the importance of PD in assessing individual preferences, but also provides constructive guidance for policy makers to assess the public's acceptability of air quality improvement.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , Distância Psicológica , Masculino , Humanos , Melhoria de Qualidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Políticas
13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36767084

RESUMO

As mobile healthcare services entered the public sight with high frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic, patients are increasingly recognizing the effectiveness of mobile medical consultation (MMC). Earlier studies have investigated what influences continuance intention (CI) towards MMC, but few studies have scrutinized it from the perspective of patients' psychological distance. We formulated a framework to examine the psychological factors influencing CI towards MMC by integrating the information systems continuance model and psychological distance theory. The framework was validated using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach and data from 475 MMC users in China. The empirical results revealed that immediacy, telepresence, intimacy, and substitutability were significant predictors of CI, while satisfaction mediated these pathways. Pandemic-induced anxiety positively moderated the effect of immediacy on satisfaction and the effect of satisfaction on CI. Practical implementations for MMC healthcare practitioners, designers, and marketers are drawn.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Intenção , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Distância Psicológica , Aconselhamento , Encaminhamento e Consulta
14.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 58(4): 681-684, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36709224

RESUMO

Continuum beliefs (CB) interventions aim to reduce the stigma of schizophrenia by stating that people with and without schizophrenia exist on one mental health-illness continuum. The current study examines the interrelation between perception of similarities (PoS), CB and desire for social distance (SD) in a German population sample (N = 760). Applying linear regression models: PoS and CB were significantly associated with lower SD explaining about 12% variance and PoS was significantly associated with higher CB. CB partially mediated the relation of PoS and SD. Upcoming mental illness stigma interventions applying CB interventions should also aim to increase PoS.


Assuntos
Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Distância Psicológica , Estigma Social , Saúde Mental , Percepção
15.
J Ment Health ; 32(2): 434-442, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35014921

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on public depression stigma did not include different severity levels and thus, did not adequately consider the continuum notion of depressive disorders. AIMS: We address the following research questions: 1. Are there differences in public depression stigma according to different severity levels? 2. Is stigma associated with sociodemographic characteristics, experience with depressive symptoms, and symptom severity? METHODS: Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted in winter 2019/2020 in Germany (N = 1009). Three vignettes representing mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms were used. Three indicators of stigma were assessed: negative stereotypes, anger reactions, and desire for social distance. Age, sex, education, and experience with depression (own affliction, contact) were additionally introduced into multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS: Overall, negative stereotypes, anger reactions, and desire for social distance do not significantly vary by depression symptom severity. All components of depression stigma showed positive associations with age, while anger was negatively associated with experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not indicate that public depression stigma is more pronounced when symptoms are more severe. Conclusion is ambivalent: Persons with severe depression do not seem to be additionally burdened by increased stigma, but the German public holds stigmatizing attitudes even towards individuals with mild depressive symptoms.


Assuntos
Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Distância Psicológica , Estigma Social
16.
Health Commun ; 38(4): 753-764, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34525854

RESUMO

This study examined how psychological distance, both social and temporal, can be leveraged in prosocial health behavior messages to mitigate perceived psychological reactance. Following the construal level and psychological reactance theories, we conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design (N = 245), which manipulated naturalistic messages regarding a prosocial communications campaign. Structural equation modeling showed that far temporal distance combined with far social distance could significantly reduce threat to freedom and therefore positively affect attitudes and behavioral intentions toward prosocial health topics. The effect of social distance was found not significant, differing from past findings. Further, intertwined and parallel psychological reactance models were tested and discussed. We suggest the need for more psychological reactance research, particularly examining prosocial health behavior. Strategies for practical persuasion strategies in prosocial messages are proposed.


Assuntos
Comunicação , Distância Psicológica , Humanos , Comunicação Persuasiva , Liberdade , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde
17.
Encephale ; 49(5): 466-473, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35970643

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: People with Intellectual disability consistently appear to be one of the most looked-down upon and repressed subgroups of society in many cultures. The main aim of this study was to compare social representations of intellectual disability in its various aspects between different cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in four different sites: Beirut-Lebanon, Algiers-Algeria, Tours-France and Namur-Belgium. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire evaluating social representations of intellectual disability. RESULTS: A total of 755 participants consented to take part in the study. Gender only affected social representations in the Lebanese population. Overall, Algerians appeared to have the least positive social representations and Lebanon to have more positive attitudes, while France and Belgium tended to have the most favourable representations. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Findings highlight the imbalance between a European and a non-European country showing the importance of developing tailored interventions to improve general attitudes towards intellectual disability.


Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual , Humanos , Atitude , Estigma Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Distância Psicológica
18.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull ; 49(12): 1663-1678, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36062325

RESUMO

What does it mean to be in solitude? Researchers building this nascent field are learning much about the potential affordances of solitude, but lack an agreed-upon definition or set of definitions. Arriving at that meaning is crucial to forming a solid foundation for studies that use both naturalistic and laboratory designs to explore outcomes of solitude. This study identified themes from semi-structured interviews with adults aged 19 to 80 from diverse backgrounds. We concluded that solitude is a state in which the dominant relationship is with the self. If not physically alone, people in solitude are mentally distanced from others and away from active technology-mediated interactions. Complete solitude involves both physical separation and inner focus, but solitude is best defined through a taxonomy that recognizes physical separation and internal focus as independent, sufficient characteristics. An internal focus benefits from (but is not defined by) balancing solitude with social time, quiet, and choice.


Assuntos
Distância Psicológica , Adulto , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
19.
Health Commun ; 38(12): 2702-2710, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35941732

RESUMO

Guided by construal level-theory, this research seeks to understand the effect of perceived psychological distance on emotions and risk perception associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in its early stage. Survey data were collected from a nationally representative U.S. adult sample (N = 1009) in April 2020. Results reveal that social distance was negatively related to emotions and risk perception. However, hypothetical distance was not significantly related to these variables. Emotions and risk perception also mediated the relationship between social distance and support for aid response measures; theoretically, we demonstrate that people evaluate risks contingent on their emotions when making decisions. This research contributes to extant literature on psychological distance and its utility in communication messaging design during public health crises.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Distância Psicológica , Pandemias , Heurística , Emoções
20.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) ; 76(4): 827-837, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36214280

RESUMO

It is often put forward that in-group members are imitated more strongly than out-group members. However, the validity of this claim has been questioned as recent investigations were not able to find differences for the imitation of in- versus out-group members. A central characteristic of these failed replications is their mere focus on movement-based imitation, thereby neglecting to take into consideration the superior goal of the movements. By using a computerised version of the pen-and-cups task, we disentangled movement- from goal-based imitation to shed further light onto the link between group membership and imitation. As previous research demonstrated that out-group members (as compared with in-group members) are represented psychologically distant and as psychological distance shifts the degree to which participants engage in goal- versus movement-based imitation, we predicted that in-group members (as compared with out-group members) shift the degree to which individuals imitate movements versus goals. The results did not confirm our predictions, as group membership does not modulate the degree of movement- versus goal-based imitation. Theoretical implications and the question whether imitative behaviour is socially modulated are discussed.


Assuntos
Objetivos , Comportamento Imitativo , Humanos , Motivação , Movimento , Distância Psicológica
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