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1.
BMC Psychiatry ; 24(1): 91, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38302927

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Despite the demonstrated efficacy of psychotherapy, the precise mechanisms that drive therapeutic transformations have posed a challenge and still remain unresolved. Here, we suggest a potential solution to this problem by introducing a framework based on the concept of mental navigation. It refers to our ability to navigate our cognitive space of thoughts, ideas, concepts, and memories, similar to how we navigate physical space. We start by analyzing the neural, cognitive, and experiential constituents intrinsic to mental navigation. Subsequently, we posit that the metaphoric spatial language we employ to articulate introspective experiences (e.g., "unexplored territory" or "going in circles") serves as a robust marker of mental navigation. METHODS: Using large text corpora, we compared the utilization of spatial language between transcripts of psychotherapy sessions (≈ 12 M. words), casual everyday conversations (≈ 12 M. words), and fictional dialogues in movies (≈ 14 M. words). We also examined 110 psychotherapy transcripts qualitatively to discern patterns and dynamics associated with mental navigation. RESULTS: We found a notable increase in the utilization of spatial metaphors during psychotherapy compared to casual everyday dialogues (U = 192.0, p = .001, d = 0.549) and fictional conversations (U = 211, p < .001, d = 0.792). In turn, analyzing the usage of non-spatial metaphors, we did not find significant differences between the three datasets (H = 0.682, p = 0.710). The qualitative analysis highlighted specific examples of mental navigation at play. CONCLUSION: Mental navigation might underlie the psychotherapy process and serve as a robust framework for understanding the transformative changes it brings about.


Assuntos
Idioma , Psicoterapia , Humanos , Comunicação , Metáfora , Processos Psicoterapêuticos
2.
Psychotherapy (Chic) ; 61(1): 93-100, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38032633

RESUMO

The Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale (CPPS) is a 20-item scale which aims to capture technical features distinguishing cognitive behavioral (CBT) from psychodynamic (PD) psychotherapy (and vice versa) in two corresponding subscales (CBT and PD Subscale). Our objective was to validate a German self-report version of the CPPS regarding a previous psychotherapy session in a psychotherapist- and in a patient-version. Fifty-three psychotherapists and their 53 patients answered to the according German CPPS Scale as well as to specific subscales of the Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions self-report-instrument (MULTI-30 subscales) assessing CBT- and PD-specific intervention characteristics. We analyzed (a) the correlation of the CPPS with the MULTI-30 subscales, (b) the ability of the CPPS to distinguish whether therapy sessions were either CBT or PD using logistic regression, and (c) the correlation between psychotherapists' and patients' self-report regarding the preceding session (correlation). Both the psychotherapist- and the patient-version showed acceptable to good values of internal consistencies (α = .78-.84). The CBT and PD Subscales of the MULTI-30 correlated with the CPPS subscales in both versions (CBT: rs = .85 [psychotherapist-version] and .80 [patient-version], PD: rs = .79 [both versions]). Subscales correctly discriminated whether the previous session was a CBT or a PD session (correct predictions in 88.7% in the psychotherapist-version, 73.6% in the patient-version; χ² ≥ 14.03, p < .001). The German version of the CPPS is a promising instrument to facilitate research on CBT- and PD-specific psychotherapy processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicoterapia Psicodinâmica , Humanos , Psicoterapeutas , Autorrelato
3.
Psychotherapy (Chic) ; 60(4): 536-547, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37796546

RESUMO

This study aimed to develop and test algorithms to determine the individual relevance of two psychotherapeutic change processes (i.e., mastery and clarification) for outcome prediction. We measured process and outcome variables in a naturalistic outpatient sample treated with an integrative treatment for a variety of diagnoses (n = 608) during the first 10 sessions. We estimated individual within-patient effects of each therapist-evaluated process of change on patient-evaluated subsequent outcomes on a session-by-session basis. Using patients' baseline characteristics, we trained machine learning algorithms on a randomly selected subsample (n = 407) to predict the effects of patients' process variables on outcome. We subsequently tested the predictive capacity of the best algorithm for each process on a holdout subsample (n = 201). We found significant within-patient effects of therapist perceived mastery and clarification on subsequent outcome. In the holdout subsample, the best-performing algorithms resulted in significant but small-to-medium correlations between the predicted and observed relevance of therapist perceived mastery (r = .18) and clarification (r = .16). Using the algorithms to create criteria for individual recommendations, in the holdout sample, we identified patients for whom mastery (14%) or clarification (18%) were indicated. In the mastery-indicated group, a greater focus on mastery was moderately associated with better outcome (r = .33, d = .70), while in the clarification-indicated group, the focus was not related to outcome (r = -.05, d = .10). Results support the feasibility of performing individual predictions regarding mastery process relevance that can be useful for therapist feedback and treatment recommendations. However, results will need to be replicated with prospective experimental designs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicoterapia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Aprendizado de Máquina
4.
Z Psychosom Med Psychother ; 69(4): 331-344, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37830881

RESUMO

Objectives: In psychotherapeutic change processes, in addition to gradual changes, specific single special moments are described as a starting point for change. We investigated the perception of these moments of change (CMs) from the patient's perspective: What does each patient perceive and experience in a CM? Methods: A qualitative, explorative study of CMs was conducted by means of semi-structured questionnaires as well as qualitative interviews with patients (n = 12). Grounded theory was used for the analysis. Results: CMs were noticed by an "explicit mode of perception" based on physical, emotional and cognitive aspects. In addition, we found a "transcending mode of experience" that involved changes in consciousness and self-experience. CMs showed a "specific transformative pattern" and were preserved as "experience anchors". Conclusions: The intensification of consciousness, transformation of self-experience, and intense prototypical experience of a change process appeared particularly impressive. With the help of CMs, access could be gained to an embodied and implicit experience, which could subsequently be symbolised and used as an "experience anchor". This could be useful especially for the treatment of psychosomatic patients.


Assuntos
Emoções , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Percepção
5.
J Couns Psychol ; 70(6): 701-710, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37668587

RESUMO

Previous studies show that therapist mood is associated with psychotherapy processes, but the observational nature of these studies does not allow for causal inference. It is also unclear if other therapist characteristics, such as therapist trait empathy, moderate the relation between therapist mood and process variables. Thirty-four therapists and volunteer client dyads participated in three weekly counseling sessions. Before each session, therapists were induced to experience one of three moods, elation, depression, or neutral, in a counterbalanced order, using a combination of music and the Velten method. After each session, clients rated therapist empathy and session quality, therapists rated session quality, and observers rated therapist empathy using videotapes. Electrocardiogram was collected from therapists and clients during the session to assess heart rate synchrony as an indicator of therapist empathy. Therapist trait empathy moderated the effect of mood induction on observer-rated therapist empathy, such that when induced to experience elation, therapists with high trait empathy were observed to be more empathic, whereas therapists with low trait empathy were observed to be less empathic. Therapists of different trait empathy levels did not differ on observer-rated empathy when induced to experience depression or neutral mood. No significant effect of mood induction was found for client-rated empathy, client- and therapist-rated session quality, or heart rate synchrony. The experimental design offers preliminary evidence that therapist presession mood may influence the psychotherapy process. The findings are explained in light of empathy amplification and empathy attenuation hypotheses in relation to positive emotion. Practice and research implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Empatia , Psicoterapia , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Afeto
6.
Eur. j. psychiatry ; 37(3): 190-198, July-September 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-223536

RESUMO

Background and Objectives The study's main aim was to determine which formal aspects of psychotherapy (therapist's work experience, number of sessions held, frequency of meetings, length of sessions) contributed to the quality of the therapeutic (working) alliance. The alliance was also analyzed for demographic variables. Methods The sample consisted of 428 participants, and the working alliance was evaluated in 262 psychotherapist–patient dyads. To assess its quality, the author used the full version of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). Results The analyzes led to several conclusions. Their results indicate that the quality of working alliance increases if psychotherapy is conducted by an experienced specialist, if the frequency of sessions is high, and if the sessions are longer. They do not, however, pinpoint the demographic markers of therapeutic alliance quality. Conclusion The formal aspects of the psychotherapeutic process influence the quality of the working alliance. Alliance develops to an equal degree in people of different ages and with diverse levels of education, regardless of the presence or absence of close interpersonal relationships in their lives. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicoterapia , Aliança Terapêutica , Demografia
7.
Psicosom. psiquiatr ; (26): 37-41, Juli-Sept. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226010

RESUMO

Introduction: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people are vulnerable to engaging in risky be haviors, including drug use. Early use of psychoactive substances can interfere with normal development and have both short-term and long-term social and health problems. Objectives: This case report aims to review important aspects of the substance abuse disorder treatment in teenage patients, based on the detailed description of a clinical case. Methods: Description of a clinical case of an 18-year-old patient who began using psychoactive substances at the age of 13. The information used in the review was gathered from relevant publications found through a selective search in PubMed on substance use disorders in children and adolescents. Results: This case report describes the substance use disorder of an 18-year-old female patient, who began using psychoactive substances at the age of 13. The patient had a history off loss of her mother, depressive symptoms and self-injurious behavior, which likely contributed to her increased risk for substance use. The patient’s substance use began with tobacco and gradually progressed to cannabinoids, ecstasy, opioids, and cocaine. Due to her continued substance use, she was referred for consultation at a specialized treatment team. The patient received a combination of psychotherapeutic interventions for substance use and individual therapy. The plan included also coordination with social work and psychology, and the involvement of the individual’s family in the process.Despite these efforts, the patient was ultimately hospitalized for severe self-harm behaviors and entered a therapeutic community.Discussion and Conclusion: This case highlights the complexity of substance use disorders in adolescents and the importance of addressing multiple individual and environmental factors in order...(AU)


Introducción: La adolescencia es un período crítico del desarrollo durante el cual los jóvenes son vulnerables a adoptar conductas de riesgo, incluyendo el consumo de drogas. El uso temprano de sustancias psicoactivas puede interferir con el desarrollo normal y tener problemas sociales y de salud, tanto a corto como a largo plazo.Metas: Este reporte de caso tiene como objetivo revisar aspectos fundamentales del tratamiento del trastorno por abuso de sustancias en pacientes adolescentes, a partir de la descripción detallada de un caso clínico.Métodos: Descripción de un caso clínico de una paciente de 18 años que empezó a consumir sustancias psicoactivas a partir de los 13 años. La información utilizada en esta revisión se obtuvo de publicaciones relevantes encontradas mediante una búsqueda selectiva, en la plataforma PubMed, sobre trastornos por consumo de sustancias en niños y adolescentes.Resultados: Este reporte de caso describe el trastorno por consumo de sustancias de una paciente de sexo femenino de 18 años, que empezó a consumir sustancias psicoactivas a partir de los 13 años. La paciente tenía antecedentes de pérdida de su madre, síntomas depresivos y comportamiento autoagresivo, que probablemente contribuyó a su mayor riesgo de consumo de sustancias. El consumo de sustancias de la paciente empezó con el tabaco y progresó gradualmente a cannabinoides, éxtasis, opioides y cocaína.Debido al consumo continuado de sustancias, fue derivada a consulta, a un equipo de tratamiento especializado. La paciente recibió una combinación de intervenciones psicoterapéuticas para el uso de sustancias y terapia individual. El plan incluía también la coordinación con trabajo social y psicología, y la participación de la familia en el proceso. A pesar de estos esfuerzos, la paciente finalmente fue hospitalizada por conductas autolesivas severas y ingresó a una comunidad terapéutica.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Consumo de Álcool por Menores , Comportamento de Procura de Droga , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Comportamento do Adolescente , Depressão , Saúde do Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Psicologia do Adolescente , Psiquiatria , Medicina Psicossomática , Pacientes Internados , Exame Físico
8.
Int J Psychoanal ; 104(2): 281-300, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37139737

RESUMO

This paper, a collaborative effort, describes the work of A Home Within (AHW), a volunteer community-based organization providing pro-bono long term psychotherapy to current and former foster youth. We provide a brief description of the treatment model, present a report of treatment conducted by an AHW volunteer, and discuss further reflections on the societal context of our psychoanalytically-informed work. In-depth psychotherapeutic process from the treatment of a young girl in a pre-adoptive foster placement elucidates the psychotherapeutic possibilities when a psychoanalytic treatment model is accessible to current and former foster youth, usually deprived of this form of treatment due to overburdened, underfunded community mental health systems in the U.S. Open-ended psychotherapy afforded this traumatized child an unusual opportunity to work through past relational traumas in order to form new and more secure attachment relationships. We reflect further on the case from the vantage points of both the psychotherapeutic process and the greater societal context of this community-based program.


Assuntos
Cuidados no Lar de Adoção , Ludoterapia , Criança , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção/psicologia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos
9.
Estud. pesqui. psicol. (Impr.) ; 23(1): 312-328, maio 2023.
Artigo em Português | Index Psicologia - Periódicos, LILACS | ID: biblio-1434540

RESUMO

De acordo com a visão vigente, aprende-se a ser psicoterapeuta comportamental em cursos, onde se ensinam teoria, intervenções e técnicas; e na supervisão, onde a atuação do terapeuta é aprimorada. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar uma terceira via de aprendizagem. O que os terapeutas aprendem na relação com seus clientes? Foram entrevistados 14 terapeutas analítico-comportamentais, cognitivo comportamentais ou comportamentais contextuais, a respeito do que aprenderam com seus clientes para sua prática clínica. A análise das transcrições foi pautada nos preceitos da grounded theory analysis. Os resultados sugerem que os terapeutas aprendem sobre algumas coordenadas importantes do processo terapêutico: a singularidade de cada cliente, a responsabilidade do cliente e do terapeuta para o processo e sobre as suas limitações como terapeuta. Expandem suas competências clínicas: como enxergar além de rótulos e julgamentos, assumir uma postura terapêutica, flexibilidade e autenticidade. Adquirem estratégias clínicas, aprendem a ceder espaço para o cliente, a respeitar o tempo do cliente e responder às suas necessidades. Finalmente, aprendem a manejar riscos e contrariedades, a lidar com a proximidade no relacionamento, como usar dos seus equívocos a favor da terapia e conduzir aspectos burocráticos da sua profissão.


According to the current view, the role of a behavioral therapist is trained in courses which theory, interventions and techniques are taught and in clinical supervision supervision where the beginner's performance is shaped. The aim of this study was to explore a third learning pathway. What do therapists learn in their relationship with their clients? Fourteen behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapists were interviewed about what they learned from their clients. The transcripts were examined according to the precepts of grounded theory analysis. The results suggest that therapists learn about important coordinates of the therapeutic process: the uniqueness of each client, the client's and therapist's responsibility in the process, and also about therapists limitations. They expand their clinical competencies: how to see beyond labels and evaluations, to assume a therapeutic stance, be flexible and authentic. They acquire clinical strategies, learning to allow due space to the client, to respect the client's time and to respond to their needs. Finally, they learn how to manage risks and setbacks, to deal with closeness in the relationship, take advantage of their errors in favor of therapy and how to manage bureaucratic aspects of their profession.


Según la visión actual, la profesión de psicoterapeuta se aprende de los profesores que imparten teoría, intervenciones y técnicas y de los supervisores que acompañan la actuación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar una tercera vía de aprendizaje: ¿qué aprenden los terapeutas con sus clientes? Se entrevistó a catorce terapeutas conductuales y cognitivo-conductuales sobre lo que aprendieron con sus clientes. El análisis de datos se basó en los preceptos del análisis de teoría fundamentada. Los resultados sugieren que los terapeutas aprenden sobre las coordenadas importantes del proceso terapéutico: la singularidad de cada cliente, la responsabilidad del cliente y del terapeuta por el proceso y sus limitaciones como terapeuta. Los terapeutas amplían sus competencias clínicas: cómo ver más allá de las etiquetas y los juicios, adoptar una postura terapéutica, desarrollar flexibilidad y autenticidad. Adquirir estrategias clínicas, aprender a darle espacio al cliente, respetar el tiempo del cliente y responder a sus necesidades. Finalmente, aprenden a gestionar los riesgos y contratiempos, a lidiar con la proximidad al cliente, a aprovechar los conceptos erróneos a favor de la terapia y a gestionar los aspectos burocráticos de su profesión.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pacientes , Terapia Comportamental , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Psicoterapeutas/educação , Relações Interpessoais
10.
J Clin Psychol ; 79(9): 2071-2080, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37074163

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The working alliance between therapists and patients is an important factor in the psychotherapy processes. Trait emotional intelligence has also been found to be malleable in treatment and to play a significant role in patient outcomes. The present study investigated how the relationship between measured working alliance and patient symptoms may differ depending on changes in patient trait emotional intelligence capacities. METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine adults at a community mental health clinic completed self-report measures at the beginning of treatment, as well as 8 months into treatment. Hierarchical linear regressions were computed to assess the interaction of working alliance and trait emotional intelligence scores on patient symptom scores. Simple slope tests were used to probe significant interactions. RESULTS: Trait emotional intelligence served as a significant moderator on the relationship between working alliance and patient symptoms. Specifically, the relationship between working alliance and patient symptoms was only significant for participants who reported an improvement in trait emotional intelligence over the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that the impact of working alliance on patient symptom outcomes depended on patient improvement in trait emotional intelligence capacities. Such findings emphasize the importance of investigating the nuanced individual factors that impact the ways in which working alliance relates to treatment outcomes.


Assuntos
Relações Profissional-Paciente , Psicoterapia , Adulto , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Resultado do Tratamento , Inteligência Emocional
11.
J Clin Psychol ; 79(8): 1875-1901, 2023 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36916742

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Between-session processes outside the therapy room and beyond the direct interaction between a therapist and client can play an important role in the psychotherapeutic process and outcome. These processes are called intersession experiences and can be seen as internalized mental representations of therapy and/or therapists. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, different digital forms of treatment have successfully been implemented and could be relevant even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, patients' internalized mental representations may become highly relevant in the future. RATIONALE: The aim of this study was to conceptually delineate the current state of research on internalized mental representations of therapy or therapists in the period between sessions and to provide an overview of the evidence. In addition, we aimed to identify research gaps to provide a baseline for further research. METHODS: For this purpose, we conducted a scoping review to obtain a comprehensive overview of the evidence and to identify the relevant research gaps. We searched PsycArticles, Medline, PsycINFO, and PSYNDEX for publications on internalized mental representations. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 30 publications published from 1989 to 2021. Based on the individual study results, it can be assumed that intersession experiences are of central importance for psychotherapeutic treatment. However, the scoping review showed that there was a large gap in knowledge in the research of intersession experiences. All previous research was barely comparable, and therefore, a generalized statement is not possible. CONCLUSION: Future research should provide sufficient information about relevant aspects, such as the setting, therapists, and patients, as these factors are likely to have a significant impact on the outcome. Furthermore, better measurements for the assessment of these processes should be developed.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Relações Profissional-Paciente
12.
Psico USF ; 28(1): 117-132, Jan.-Mar. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1431099

RESUMO

Evidence suggests that changes in online psychotherapy adherence factors occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to review the perception of patients and psychotherapists regarding factors associated with adherence to online psychotherapy during the pandemic. Thus, 18 articles remained for analysis after searches in five databases and 25 factors associated with adherence to online psychotherapy were identified. The main factors for psychotherapists were confidence in professional skills and connection stability. For the patients, basic informatics skills and finding an adequate setting to participate in sessions. Furthermore, the factors fear of contagion, tiredness and the impossibility of face-to-face meetings emerged during the pandemic. Modifications of factors associated with pre-pandemic adherence were identified and strategies to overcome barriers related to online sessions were presented and discussed. The pandemic has increased adherence to online psychotherapy, although not everyone intends to follow this modality in the post-pandemic. (AU)


Evidências sugerem que ocorreram modificações nos fatores de adesão a psicoterapia online durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Assim, este estudo objetivou revisar a percepção dos pacientes e psicoterapeutas sobre fatores associados a adesão à psicoterapia online durante a pandemia. Restaram 18 artigos para análise após as buscas em cinco bases de dados. Foram identificados 25 fatores associados a adesão a psicoterapia on-line. Para os psicoterapeutas, os principais fatores foram a confiança nas habilidades profissionais e estabilidade da conexão. Para os pacientes, foram o conhecimento básico de informática e encontrar setting adequado para participar das sessões. Ademais, os fatores medo do contágio, cansaço e a impossibilidade de reuniões presenciais surgiram durante a pandemia. Modificações em fatores associados a adesão pré-pandemia foram identificadas e estratégias para contornar barreiras relacionadas aos atendimentos on-line foram apresentadas e discutidas. A pandemia aumentou a adesão a psicoterapia on-line, mas nem todos pretendem seguir nessa modalidade no pós-pandemia. (AU)


Evidencias sugieren que se produjeron cambios en los factores de adherencia a la psicoterapia en línea durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Por lo tanto, este estudio busca revisar las percepciones de pacientes y psicoterapeutas sobre los factores asociados a la adherencia a la psicoterapia en línea durante la pandemia. Se analizaron 18 artículos seleccionados tras una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos. Se identificaron 25 factores de la adherencia a la psicoterapia en línea. Para los psicoterapeutas, los principales factores fueron la confianza en las competencias profesionales y la estabilidad de la conexión. Ya para los pacientes, los factores básicos fueron las habilidades informáticas básicas y la búsqueda del entorno adecuado para participar en las sesiones. Además, durante la pandemia surgieron los factores miedo al contagio, cansancio y la imposibilidad de encuentros físicos. Se identificaron modificaciones en los factores asociados a adherencia prepandémica y se presentaron y discutieron estrategias para superar las barreras relacionadas con las sesiones en línea. La pandemia aumentó la adhesión a la psicoterapia en línea, aunque no todos tengan la intención de seguir esta modalidad en la pospandemia. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicoterapia , Consulta Remota , COVID-19 , Pacientes , Base de Dados , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto , Psicoterapeutas
13.
Am J Psychoanal ; 83(1): 89-109, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36782040

RESUMO

This paper offers a new take on friendship, its specific qualities, how it is subjectively experienced and changes over the course of a patient's life and how it might serve as catalyst for positive change in the therapeutic process. The premise is based on the Aristotelian definition of friendship as a friendship of virtue, as well as on insights stemming from intersubjective thinking, and observations about horizontal relationships in contemporary psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. A review of the scant psychodynamic and psychoanalytic literature on friendship is presented and the author notes its marginal place in the lexicon compared with other more extensively studied relationships. Three clinical cases are presented to illustrate the potential of "friendships of virtue" as paths toward positive transformation in the course of treatment.


Assuntos
Amigos , Relações Interpessoais , Humanos , Virtudes , Psicoterapia , Processos Psicoterapêuticos
14.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 86(1): 77-85, ene. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1442087

RESUMO

El trastorno de acumulación se caracteriza por una extrema dificultad para deshacerse o descartar artículos, independientemente de su valor real, originando con ello múltiples síntomas y problemas cotidianos de todo tipo. Aunque la severidad es más marcada en adultos mayores, el cuadro es de instalación progresiva a lo largo de varias décadas. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 49 años, con inicio de la enfermedad desde los 15 años, guardando libros y cuadernos usados con la idea de que podrían ser útiles en el futuro; además de manifestaciones significativas de ansiedad. La acumulación de otros objetos como herramientas, ropa y utensilios de cocina se fue intensificando junto con el incremento de la ansiedad tras varias pérdidas familiares. El paciente buscó atención médica en diferentes centros sin encontrar alivio. Finalmente, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento psicofarmacológico y psicoterapéutico fueron replanteados con resultados favorables.


SUMMARY Hoarding Disorder is characterized by an extreme difficulty to get rid of or discard objects, regardless of their real value and originating multiple symptoms and everyday life problems. The severity is major in old adults although the condition progresses throughout several decades of life. The case of a 49 years old man is presented: the illness started at age 15, keeping used books and notebooks with idea that they would be necessary in the future. This was associated with significant anxiety in some social situations; later, other objects such as tools, clothes and cookware beside were added with intensified anxiety relate to emotional and family losses. The patient sought medical attention in several centers without relief. Finally, his diagnosis, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment were re-framed with favorable results.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicotrópicos , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Colecionismo , Transtorno de Acumulação , Pacientes , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Diagnóstico
15.
Psychother Res ; 33(4): 401-414, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36226503

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This empirical study undertakes a categorization of the core concept of Control Mastery Theory: mostly unconscious testing of pathogenic beliefs that patients exhibit in relating to their therapist to work on their problems. The focus lays on latent meanings of manifest tests. METHOD: We qualitatively analyze transcripts of 172 psychotherapy sessions with 23 patients for sequences in which significant patient-therapist interactions occur, and systematize identified tests into thematic categories based on what tests intent to achieve (ICC = .68). Guided by theory, the analysis is attending to complexity, individuality, and the unconscious. RESULTS: Tests circle around striving for independence, deserving/self-worth, acceptance, and entitlement. Individual tests have various underlying meanings, are interrelated, and may be multidimensional. CONCLUSION: Meanings of tests must be confirmed within the psychotherapeutic process. Incorporating the treating clinician thus seems important.


Assuntos
Terapia Psicanalítica , Psicoterapia , Humanos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Relações Profissional-Paciente
16.
J Clin Psychol ; 79(4): 1002-1020, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36322920

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that pathological narcissism impacts psychotherapy process and outcome. This study investigates whether traits of pathological narcissism account for distinctiveness (construal) of patients' interpersonal perceptions in treatment settings. METHODS: Patients enrolled in psychological/psychotherapeutic treatment (N = 150) described a segment of a session in a written format and subsequently assessed both self- and clinician's behavior on the dimensions of dominance and hostility (patient-reported ratings), along with their pathological narcissistic traits. Three independent raters also assessed interpersonal behaviors (observer-reported ratings) based on the written session descriptions. Indices of construal were defined by the residuals of self-reported (net of observer-reported) ratings and were regressed onto pathological narcissistic traits. RESULTS: No association emerged between pathological narcissism and construal in patients' perceptions of their clinicians. However, grandiose traits of pathological narcissism were related to distinctively perceiving oneself as more dominant, while vulnerable traits were related to distinctively perceiving oneself as more hostile. The former association (but not the latter) also held after incorporating additional observer ratings to investigate the robustness of the results. CONCLUSION: Findings are discussed in light of treatment-related self-enhancement and self-concealment processes.


Assuntos
Narcisismo , Transtornos da Personalidade , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Percepção Social , Processos Psicoterapêuticos
17.
Z Psychosom Med Psychother ; 69(4): 369-382, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38214019

RESUMO

Objectives: Psychic perceptions are at the core of psychotherapeutic processes and modifiable by certain psychopharmacologic agents including antidepressants and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 208 participants, and used the weekly mean dosages and the number of weeks in therapy to predict ward experience (Stationserfahrungsbogen) and symptom burden (symptom-check list 90-R) by means of linear regression analyses and four repeated measures. Results: Time predicted symptom relief. ASA signified a more favorable ward experience and a trend towards less suffering. Antidepressants did not predict symptom burden or ward experience, except for amitriptyline's inverse relationship with process perception. Discussion: Regarding process perception and therapy outcome, amitriptyline might have unfavorable effects at dose reductions, whereas COX-inhibition could be beneficial at higher dosages. Similar findings have already been described with regard to COX-inhibition in depression and schizophrenia.


Assuntos
Aspirina , Ácido Salicílico , Humanos , Aspirina/efeitos adversos , Amitriptilina/efeitos adversos , Pacientes Internados , Antidepressivos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Percepção
18.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e249030, 2023.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1422398

RESUMO

Desenvolver habilidades para coordenar grupos é requisito importante do trabalho desenvolvido por psicólogos, especialmente quando vinculados a instituições de saúde pública. Este estudo foi uma pesquisa-ação amparada no enfoque clínico-qualitativo e desenvolvida a partir do dispositivo dos grupos operativos. O objetivo geral foi compreender como psicólogos percebem o trabalho grupal que oferecem em suas práticas laborais, a partir de vivências em grupos operativos de aprendizagem. Participaram 10 psicólogos atuantes em uma Unidade Ambulatorial de Atendimento Psicossocial - equipamento secundário da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial - de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. A ordenação de dados ocorreu a partir de emergentes grupais surgidos durante três sessões, e foram analisados a partir do diálogo com a literatura sobre grupos, em especial grupos em cenários institucionais. O processo grupal vivido fomentou recursos profissionais para lidar com a grupalidade. Expressões sobre dificuldades profissionais enfrentadas na coordenação de intervenções grupais apareceram e foram discutidas. O dispositivo "grupo" foi pensado como ferramenta possível de ser empregada para facilitar transformações e fomentar potenciais encontros humanos. Estudos futuros poderão ser direcionados a novas formas de compreender o trabalho grupal desenvolvido por esses e outros psicólogos, de realidades distintas da retratada.(AU)


Developing skills to coordinate groups is an important requirement for psychologists, especially when linked to public health institutions. This action research, supported by the clinical-qualitative approach, was developed based on the Operative Groups device. It sought to understand how psychologists perceive the group work they offer, based on experiences in operative learning groups. Ten psychologists, working in an Outpatient Psychosocial Care Unit - a secondary facility of the Psychosocial Care Network - in a city in rural Minas Gerais, participated in the study. Data ordering occurred from emerging groups listed during three group sessions, and were analyzed based on the literature on groups, especially groups in institutional settings. The group process experienced fostered professional resources for addressing groupness. Expressions about professional difficulties faced in coordinating group interventions emerged and were discussed. The "group" device was thought of as a possible tool to be employed to facilitate transformations and foster potential human encounters. Future studies may be directed to new ways of understanding the group work developed by these and other psychologists, from different realities from the one portrayed.(AU)


El desarrollo de habilidades en la coordinación de grupos es un requisito importante en el trabajo de los psicólogos, especialmente cuando están vinculados a instituciones de salud pública. Este estudio fue una investigación-acción respaldada por el enfoque clínico-cualitativo y desarrollada a partir del dispositivo de grupos operativos. Su objetivo general fue comprender cómo los psicólogos perciben el trabajo grupal que ofrecen en sus prácticas laborales a partir de experiencias en grupos de aprendizaje operativo. Participaron en el estudio diez psicólogos que laboran en una Unidad de Atención Psicosocial Ambulatoria (equipamiento secundario de la Red de Atención Psicosocial) de un municipio del estado de Minas Gerais, en Brasil. Se ordenaron los datos a partir de grupos emergentes que surgieron durante las tres sesiones grupales realizadas y analizadas con base en el diálogo con la literatura sobre grupos, especialmente en contextos institucionales. El proceso grupal experimentado ha potenciado los recursos profesionales para afrontar la agrupación. Surgieron y discutieron expresiones sobre las dificultades profesionales experimentadas en la coordinación de intervenciones grupales. Se pensó en el dispositivo "grupal" como una posible herramienta que se utilizaría para facilitar transformaciones y fomentar posibles encuentros humanos. Los estudios futuros pueden dirigirse a nuevas formas de entender el trabajo en grupo desarrollado por estos y otros psicólogos a partir de realidades distintas a la retratada.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia , Pesquisa , Saúde Pública , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Funções Essenciais da Saúde Pública , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Área de Atuação Profissional , Psicoterapia , Cultura Organizacional , Colaboração Intersetorial , Acolhimento , Angústia Psicológica , Esforço de Escuta , Dinâmica de Grupo , Política de Saúde
19.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e255712, 2023.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1529208

RESUMO

Com o advento da covid-19, foi declarado estado de emergência de saúde pública e decretadas medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social para conter a propagação da doença. O Conselho Federal de Psicologia, considerando a importância do acolhimento seguro durante a pandemia, publicou a Resolução CFP nº 4/2020, permitindo que serviços psicológicos aconteçam de maneira remota. O presente estudo visa, através do Método da Cartografia, apresentar a construção de um setting on-line para intervenções grupais e os desafios na oferta de acolhimento e atendimento remoto. Foram ofertados grupos terapêuticos, por meio da plataforma Google Meet, para estudantes da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Um diário de bordo foi produzido para acompanhar as forças que atravessavam e constituíam o território e a experiência grupal remota. Compreendemos que o território-espaço-grupal-on-line era composto pelo espaço virtual em que nos reuníamos, pelos espaços individuais de cada integrante e pelas forças que os atravessavam. Observamos que nem sempre os participantes dispunham de um lugar privado, mas estiveram presentes no encontro com câmeras e áudios abertos e/ou fechados e/ou através do chat da videochamada. A participação no grupo funcionou como alternativa no momento de distanciamento social, sendo uma possibilidade para o atendimento psicológico em situações de dificuldade de encontros presenciais; entretanto, se mostrou dificultada em diversos momentos, pela falta de equipamentos adequados e instabilidade na internet, fatores que interferiram nas reuniões e impactaram na possibilidade de falar e escutar o que era desejado.(AU)


With the advent of COVID-19, a state of public health was declared, and measures of isolation and social distance to contain the spread of the disease was decreed. The Federal Council of Psychology, considering the importance of safe reception during the pandemic, published CFP Resolution No. 4/2020, allowing psychological services to happen remotely. This study narrates, via the Cartography Method, the experience of inventing an Online Setting for group reception. Therapeutic groups were offered, via Google Meet Platform, to students at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A logbook was produced to accompany the forces that crossed and constituted the territory and the remote group experience. We understand that the territoryspace-group-online was composed by the virtual-space that we gathered, by the individualspaces of each member and by the forces that crossed them. We observed that the participants did not always have a private place, but they were present at the meeting with open and/or closed cameras and audio and/or through the video call chat. Participation in the group worked as an alternative at the time of social distancing, being a possibility for psychological care in situations of difficulty in face-to-face meetings, however, it proved to be difficult at various times, due to the lack of adequate equipment and instability on the internet, factors that interfered in meetings and impacted the possibility of speaking and listening to what was desired.(AU)


La llegada de la COVID-19 produjo un estado de emergencia de salud pública, en el que se decretaron medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento físico para contener la propagación de la enfermedad. El Consejo Federal de Psicología, considerando la importancia de la acogida segura durante la pandemia, publicó la Resolución CFP nº 4/2020, por la que se permite la atención psicológica remota. Este estudio tiene por objetivo presentar, mediante el método de la Cartografía, la elaboración de un escenario en línea para la intervención grupal y los desafíos en la oferta de acogida y atención remota. Grupos terapéuticos se ofrecieron, en la plataforma Google Meet, a estudiantes de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro. Se elaboró un diario para acompañar a las fuerzas que atravesaron y constituyeron el territorio y la experiencia remota del grupo. Entendemos que el territorio-espacio-grupo-en línea estaba compuesto por el espacio-virtual que reunimos, por los espacios individuales de cada integrante y por las fuerzas que los atravesaban. Observamos que los participantes no siempre tenían un lugar privado y que estaban presentes en la reunión con cámaras y audio abiertos y/o cerrados y/o por el chat de la videollamada. La participación en el grupo funcionó como una alternativa en el momento del distanciamiento físico y revela ser una posibilidad de atención psicológica en situaciones de dificultad en los encuentros presenciales, sin embargo, se mostró difícil en varios momentos, ya sea por la falta de medios adecuados o por inestabilidad en Internet, factores que interferían en las reuniones e impactaban en la posibilidad de hablar y escuchar lo que se deseaba.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia , Atitude , Serviços de Atendimento , Intervenção Baseada em Internet , Teletrabalho , COVID-19 , Ansiedade , Satisfação Pessoal , Preceptoria , Área de Atuação Profissional , Psicanálise , Psicologia Social , Qualidade de Vida , Segurança , Identificação Social , Valores Sociais , Socialização , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fala , Estudantes , Ensino , Desemprego , Universidades , Trabalho , Comportamento , Comportamento e Mecanismos Comportamentais , Jornada de Trabalho , Atitude Frente aos Computadores , Aplicações da Informática Médica , Luto , Pais Solteiros , Família , Área Programática de Saúde , Adesão Celular , Comunicação Celular , Quarentena , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde Mental , Expectativa de Vida , Precauções Universais , Controle de Infecções , Readaptação ao Emprego , Comunicação , Testes Obrigatórios , Confidencialidade , Privacidade , Imagens, Psicoterapia , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Internet , Intervenção na Crise , Autonomia Pessoal , Morte , Confiança , Códigos de Ética , Depressão , Poluição do Ar , Escolaridade , Prevenção de Doenças , Centros de Convivência e Lazer , Capacitação Profissional , Docentes , Relações Familiares , Medo , Inteligência Emocional , Retorno ao Trabalho , Esperança , Habilidades Sociais , Ajustamento Emocional , Otimismo , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Tutoria , Tristeza , Respeito , Solidariedade , Angústia Psicológica , Integração Social , Modelo Transteórico , Intervenção Psicossocial , Esforço de Escuta , Coesão Social , Pertencimento , Treino Cognitivo , Diversidade, Equidade, Inclusão , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Trabalho Doméstico , Ciências Humanas , Individualidade , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Relações Interpessoais , Aprendizagem , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Motivação , Apego ao Objeto
20.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e256598, 2023.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1529209

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre arte e vida segundo Vigotski. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise conceitual dos capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 e 11 da Psicologia da Arte, do capítulo 13 da Psicologia Pedagógica e do texto O significado histórico da crise da Psicologia: Uma investigação metodológica. A pesquisa conceitual consiste na análise semântica dos principais conceitos de uma teoria com o intuito de elucidar seus sentidos ocultos ou confusos e desvendar possíveis contradições e ambiguidades no quadro teórico. Podemos observar que a arte é um fenômeno dialético tanto em sua criação como em seus efeitos. A influência da vida, isto é, da realidade sócio-histórica, na criação artística é indireta, pois ela é sempre mediada pelo psiquismo particular do artista. Já o efeito da arte sobre a vida possibilita que o ser humano se conscientize de sua realidade social e se engaje para mudá-la. A arte é, portanto, transformadora, pois reorganiza o psiquismo e possibilita uma mudança nas condições materiais dos seres humanos.(AU)


This study aims to analyze the relationship between art and life according to Vygotsky. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of chapters 1, 7, 9, 10, and 11 of Psychology of Art, chapter 13 of Educational Psychology and the text The Historical meaning of the Crisis of Psychology: A Methodological Investigation was carried out. Conceptual research consists of the semantic analysis of the main concepts of a theory to elucidate its hidden or confused meanings and to reveal possible contradictions and ambiguities in the theoretical framework. Results show that art is a dialectical phenomenon both in its creation and its effects. The influence of life, that is, of socio-historical reality, on artistic creation is indirect since it is always mediated by the artist's particular psyche. The effect of art on life, on the other hand, allows human beings to become aware of their social reality and engage to change it. Art is, therefore, transformative, as it reorganizes the psyche and enables a change in the material conditions of human beings.(AU)


Este proyecto tuve como objetivo analizar la relación entre el arte y la vida, según Vigotski. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis de los capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 y 11 de Psicología del arte, del capítulo 13 de Psicología Pedagógica y del texto Él significado histórico de la crisis de la Psicología: una investigación metodológica. La pesquisa conceptual consiste en la analice semántica de los conceptos de una teoría, para aclarar sus significados ocultos o confusos y desvendar contradicciones y ambigüedades em el cuadro teórico. Pudimos observar que, el arte es un fenómeno dialéctico en su creación tanto como en sus efectos. La influencia de la vida, esto es, de la realidad socio-histórica, en la creación artística es indirecta, pues es mediada por el psiquismo particular de lo artista. Así, el efecto del arte sobre la vida habilita que lo ser humano adquiera conciencia de su realidad social y que se comprometa a cambiarla. El arte, consiguientemente, transformadora, pues reorganiza lo psiquismo y habilita un cambio en las condiciones materiales de los seres humanos.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Arte , Psicologia , Vida , Representação Social , Pintura , Percepção , Personalidade , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Filosofia , Arquitetura , Princípio do Prazer-Desprazer , Política , Psicologia Social , Agitação Psicomotora , Rejeição em Psicologia , Religião , Associação , Pesquisa , Papel (figurativo) , Sensação , Meio Social , Espiritualismo , Pensamento , Transferência Psicológica , Inconsciente Psicológico , Comportamento , Humanos , Simbolismo , Adaptação Psicológica , Atitude , Catarse , Repertório: Seção Psiquismo , Comentário , Competência Mental , Cognição , Comunismo , Conflito Psicológico , Congressos como Assunto , Emoções Manifestas , Psicologia do Self , Processos Psicoterapêuticos , Desenho , Criatividade , Sinais (Psicologia) , Cultura , Dança , Capitalismo , Características Humanas , Ab-Reação , Drama , Impulso (Psicologia) , Educação , Emoções , Estética , Existencialismo , Competência Cultural , Resiliência Psicológica , Poesia , Prazer , Normas Sociais , Ciência nas Artes , Liberdade , Terapia do Comportamento Dialético , Egocentrismo , Processos Grupais , História , Individualidade , Inteligência , Relações Interpessoais , Literatura , Métodos , Antropologia , Modelos Teóricos , Moral , Filmes Cinematográficos , Motivação , Música
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