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1.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 115 Suppl 1: S5-S125, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38353583
5.
J Pharm Sci ; 113(1): 11-21, 2024 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37898164

RESUMO

Over the past several decades, mathematical modeling has been applied to increasingly wider scopes of questions in drug development. Accordingly, the range of modeling tools has also been evolving, as showcased by contributions of Jusko and colleagues: from basic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling to today's platform-based approach of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling. Aimed at understanding the mechanism of action of investigational drugs, QSP models characterize systemic effects by incorporating information about cellular signaling networks, which is often represented by omics data. In this perspective, we share a few examples illustrating approaches for the integration of omics into mechanistic QSP modeling. We briefly overview how the evolution of PK/PD modeling into QSP has been accompanied by an increase in available data and the complexity of mathematical methods that integrate it. We discuss current gaps and challenges of integrating omics data into QSP models and propose several potential areas where integrated QSP and omics modeling may benefit drug development.


Assuntos
Farmacologia em Rede , Farmacologia , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Teóricos , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Drogas em Investigação
6.
Br J Pharmacol ; 181(3): 375-392, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37605852

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Development of core concepts in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and physiology have transformed teaching. They provide the foundation for the development of teaching resources for global educators, as well as valid and reliable approaches to assessment. An international research consensus recently identified 25 core concepts of pharmacology. The current study aimed to define and unpack these concepts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A two-phase, iterative approach, involving 60 international pharmacology education experts, was used. The first phase involved drafting definitions for core concepts and identifying key sub-concepts via a series of online meetings and asynchronous work. These were refined in the second phase, through a 2-day hybrid workshop followed by a further series of online meetings and asynchronous work. KEY RESULTS: The project produced consensus definitions for a final list of 24 core concepts and 103 sub-concepts of pharmacology. The iterative, discursive methodology resulted in modification of concepts from the original study, including change of 'drug-receptor interaction' to 'drug-target interaction' and the change of the core concept 'agonists and antagonists' to sub-concepts of drug-target interaction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Definitions and sub-concepts of 24 core concepts provide an evidence-based foundation for pharmacology curricula development and evaluation. The next steps for this project include the development of a concept inventory to assess acquisition of concepts, as well as the development of case studies and educational resources to support teaching by the global pharmacology community, and student learning of the most critical and fundamental concepts of the discipline.


Assuntos
Currículo , Farmacologia , Humanos
7.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 70(1)Jan-Mar. 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1537404

RESUMO

A sobrevida de mulheres após o tratamento do câncer de mama tem aumentado em virtude de avanços na detecção precoce e terapias disponíveis. Porém, as sobreviventes comumente enfrentam efeitos adversos após o tratamento que representam grande carga física e psicológica. Além da fadiga, a dor é o sintoma persistente mais frequente após o tratamento. Objetivo: Sistematizar os resultados de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre a intervenção fisioterapêutica na dor neuropática periférica induzida pelos tratamentos para o câncer de mama. Método: Busca realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE via portal PubMed e Cochrane. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos randomizados publicados a partir de 2017, em língua inglesa, que abordassem as modalidades fisioterapêuticas como intervenção, a dor neuropática periférica induzida por tratamentos oncológicos como desfecho, e mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama como população de interesse. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pela ferramenta Cochrane para o risco de viés. Resultados: Quatro estudos foram revisados na íntegra. Majoritariamente, os efeitos adversos do tratamento oncológico se devem a regimes quimioterápicos à base de taxanos. Os desfechos avaliados incluem, além da dor, demais sinais neuropáticos e influência nas atividades de vida diária. Os estudos variaram quanto à intervenção e fase de tratamento. Apenas um dos estudos demonstrou resultado significativamente positivo a favor do grupo intervenção. Conclusão: Estudos clínicos randomizados disponibilizam evidências escassas quanto aos efeitos positivos da intervenção fisioterapêutica na dor neuropática periférica induzida pelos tratamentos para o câncer de mama.


Women's survival after breast cancer treatment has increased due to advances in early detection and available therapies. However, great physical and psychological burden are the result of adverse effects that survivors commonly face. In addition to fatigue, pain is the most common persistent symptom after cancer treatment. Objective: Systematize the results of randomized clinical trials on physiotherapeutic intervention in peripheral neuropathic pain induced by breast cancer treatments . Method:The search was carried out on the MEDLINE databases via PubMed and Cochrane portals. Randomized clinical trials published since 2017 in English, that addressed physiotherapeutic modalities as intervention, peripheral neuropathic pain induced by oncological treatments as outcome were selected, and the population of interest were women surviving breast cancer. The Cochrane-risk-of-bias tool was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Results: Four studies were fully reviewed. Most of the adverse effects of cancer treatment are due to taxane-based chemotherapy regimens. The outcomes assessed include, in addition to pain, other neuropathic signs and influence on activities of daily living. The studies varied in terms of intervention and treatment phase. Only one of the studies demonstrated a significantly positive result in favor of the intervention group. Conclusion: Randomized clinical studies provide scant evidence regarding the positive effects of physiotherapeutic intervention on peripheral neuropathic pain induced by breast cancer treatments.


La supervivencia de las mujeres después del tratamiento del cáncer de mama ha aumentado debido a los avances en la detección temprana y las terapias disponibles. Sin embargo, los supervivientes suelen enfrentarse a efectos adversos después del tratamiento que representan una gran carga física y psicológica. Además de la fatiga, el dolor es el síntoma persistente más común después del tratamiento del cáncer. Objetivo: Sistematizar los resultados de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados sobre intervención fisioterapéutica en el dolor neuropático periférico inducido por tratamientos para el cáncer de mama. Método: La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos MEDLINE a través de los portales PubMed y Cochrane. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados desde 2017, en inglés, que abordaron modalidades fisioterapéuticas como intervención, dolor neuropático periférico inducido por tratamientos oncológicos como resultado y mujeres sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama como población de interés. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó mediante la herramienta Cochrane de Riesgo de Sesgo. Resultados: Se revisaron en su totalidad cuatro estudios. La mayoría de los efectos adversos del tratamiento del cáncer se deben a los regímenes de quimioterapia basados en taxanos. Los resultados evaluados incluyen, además del dolor, otros signos neuropáticos y su influencia en las actividades de la vida diaria. Los estudios variaron en términos de intervención y fase de tratamiento. Sólo uno de los estudios demostró un resultado significativamente positivo a favor del grupo de intervención. Conclusión: Los estudios clínicos aleatorizados aportan escasa evidencia sobre los efectos positivos de la intervención fisioterapéutica sobre el dolor neuropático periférico inducido por los tratamientos del cáncer de mama


Assuntos
Manejo da Dor , Métodos , Farmacologia , Polineuropatias , Neoplasias da Mama , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Antineoplásicos
8.
Br J Pharmacol ; 180 Suppl 2: S145-S222, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123150

RESUMO

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16178. Ion channels are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Produtos Farmacêuticos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Canais Iônicos/química , Ligantes , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Bases de Dados Factuais
9.
Br J Pharmacol ; 180 Suppl 2: S223-S240, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123152

RESUMO

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and nearly 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16179. Nuclear hormone receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Produtos Farmacêuticos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Ligantes , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares
10.
Br J Pharmacol ; 180 Suppl 2: S1-S22, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123153

RESUMO

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and about 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16176. In addition to this overview, in which are identified 'Other protein targets' which fall outside of the subsequent categorisation, there are six areas of focus: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Produtos Farmacêuticos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Canais Iônicos , Ligantes , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares
11.
Br J Pharmacol ; 180 Suppl 2: S374-S469, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123156

RESUMO

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and over 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16182. Transporters are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Produtos Farmacêuticos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Ligantes , Canais Iônicos/química , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares
12.
Br J Pharmacol ; 180 Suppl 2: S241-S288, 2023 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123155

RESUMO

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24 is the sixth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of approximately 1800 drug targets, and nearly 6000 interactions with about 3900 ligands. There is an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes almost 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.16180. Catalytic receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2023, and supersedes data presented in the 2021/22, 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados de Produtos Farmacêuticos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Ligantes , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Canais Iônicos/química , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares
13.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 89(4)Oct-Dic, 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229820

RESUMO

La Historia del Medicamento tiene su origen ya en la vida y civilizaciones primitivas hasta la actualidad fantástica hoy en la Biotecnología Farmacéutica, en el escenario de las vacunas contra el Covid-19 que han salvado millones de vidas. Las plantas medicinales aún hoy son de uso común en la mayoría de los países de Latinoamérica. “Las Farmacopeas son un conjunto de normas sobre principios activos, productos farmacéuticos auxiliares, productos medicamentos o terminados, y métodos recomendados a fin de constatar si éstos las cumplen y que han sido publicados y reconocidos por la autoridad sanitaria competente.” Estas normas regulan el circuito de los medicamentos en los distintos países. El acceso a los medicamentos es un factor esencial para el uso adecuado de los mismos. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la tercera parte de la población mundial no tiene acceso a medicamentos esenciales para la salud (más de 2,5 mil millones de seres humanos). Las compañías farmacéuticas de investigación dedicaron un total de 198.000 millones de USD en I+D en el año 2020 (último año con datos oficiales).Esto significa una inversión muy superior a otros sectores de Alta Tecnología. Así es 8,1 veces mayor que lo dedicado a la Industria Aeroespacial y de Defensa, 7,2 veces superior a la Industria Química y 1,2 veces que las de las compañías de Software y Servicios Informáticos.Para el año 2026 se estima se alcance un monto de 254 mil millones de USD.La Federación Europea de la Industria Farmacéutica (EFPIA) estima en 8.000 el número de medicamentos en ensayos clínicos (10% para enfermedades raras).(AU)


The main protagonist of Pharmacy is Medicine; Without it, there would be no such thing, and its companion, medicine, would be in a very bad light, for it would have lost its main purpose.”The History of Medicines has its origins in primitive life and civilizations until the present fantastic today in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, in the scenario of vaccines against Covid-19 that have saved millions of lives. Medicinal plants are still in common use today in most Latin American countries. “The Pharmacopoeias are a set of standards on active ingredients, ancillary pharmaceutical products, medicinal or finished products, and recommended methods in order to verify whether they comply with them and that have been published and recognized by the competent health authority.” These rules govern the circuit of me- dicines in the various countries. Access to medicines is an essential factor for the proper use of medicines. According to the World Health Orga- nization, one third of the world’s population does not have access to essential health medicines (more than 2.5 billion human beings). Pharmaceutical research companies dedicated a total of USD 198,000 million in R+D in 2020 (the last year with official data). This means a much higher investment than other high-tech sectors. This is 8.1 times higher than that dedicated to the Aerospace and Defense Industry, 7.2 times higher than the Chemical Industry and 1.2 times that of Soft- ware and Computer Services companies.By 2026, it is estimated that it will reach an amount of USD 254 billion.The European Federation of the Pharmaceutical Industry (EFPIA) estimates the number of medicines in clinical trials at 8,000 (10% for rare diseases).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Plantas Medicinais , Preparações Farmacêuticas/história , Farmacologia , História da Farmácia , Indústria Farmacêutica
15.
Trends Pharmacol Sci ; 44(12): 880-890, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37852906

RESUMO

Bispecific T cell engagers (bsTCEs) have emerged as a promising class of cancer immunotherapy. Several bsTCEs have achieved marketing approval; dozens more are under clinical investigation. However, the clinical development of bsTCEs remains rife with challenges, including nuanced pharmacology, limited translatability of preclinical findings, frequent on-target toxicity, and convoluted dosing regimens. In this opinion article we present a distinct perspective on how quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) can serve as a powerful tool for overcoming these obstacles. Recent advances in QSP modeling have empowered developers of bsTCEs to gain a deeper understanding of their context-dependent pharmacology, bridge gaps in experimental data, guide first-in-human (FIH) dose selection, design dosing regimens with expanded therapeutic windows, and improve long-term treatment outcomes. We use recent case studies to exemplify the potential of QSP techniques to support future bsTCE development.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Biespecíficos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Linfócitos T , Farmacologia em Rede , Imunoterapia/métodos , Farmacologia/métodos , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/farmacologia , Anticorpos Biespecíficos/uso terapêutico
17.
J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods ; 123: 107300, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37524151

RESUMO

This editorial prefaces the annual themed issue on safety pharmacology (SP) methods published since 2004 in the Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods (JPTM). We highlight here the content derived from the recent 2022 Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) and Canadian Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (CSPT) joint meeting held in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The meeting also generated 179 abstracts (reproduced in the current volume of JPTM). As in previous years the manuscripts reflect various areas of innovation in SP including a comparison of the sensitivity of cross-over and parallel study designs for QTc assessment, use of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hi-PSC) neuronal cell preparations for use in neuropharmacological safety screening, and hiPSC derived cardiac myocytes in assessing inotropic adversity. With respect to the latter, we anticipate the emergence of a large data set of positive and negative controls that will test whether the imperative to miniaturize, humanize and create a high throughput process is offset by any loss of precision and accuracy.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Farmacologia , Humanos , Canadá , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Farmacologia/métodos , Congressos como Assunto
18.
J Pharm Sci ; 112(9): 2313-2320, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37422281

RESUMO

Though hundreds of drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating various rare diseases, most rare diseases still lack FDA-approved therapeutics. To identify the opportunities for developing therapies for these diseases, the challenges of demonstrating the efficacy and safety of a drug for treating a rare disease are highlighted herein. Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) has increasingly been used to inform drug development; our analysis of QSP submissions received by FDA showed that there were 121 submissions as of 2022, for informing rare disease drug development across development phases and therapeutic areas. Examples of published models for inborn errors of metabolism, non-malignant hematological disorders, and hematological malignancies were briefly reviewed to shed light on use of QSP in drug discovery and development for rare diseases. Advances in biomedical research and computational technologies can potentially enable QSP simulation of the natural history of a rare disease in the context of its clinical presentation and genetic heterogeneity. With this function, QSP may be used to conduct in-silico trials to overcome some of the challenges in rare disease drug development. QSP may play an increasingly important role in facilitating development of safe and effective drugs for treating rare diseases with unmet medical needs.


Assuntos
Farmacologia em Rede , Farmacologia , Estados Unidos , Humanos , Doenças Raras/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Biológicos , Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos , Descoberta de Drogas , Preparações Farmacêuticas
19.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol ; 12(7): 889-903, 2023 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37452454

RESUMO

Typical Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) workflows involve discussion of biology, supported by graphical diagrams, followed by construction of large Ordinary Differential Equation models. QSP Designer facilitates this process by providing enhanced graphical notation, which enables hierarchical presentation with modules and handling of combinatorial complexity with diagram node arrays. Whereas the software includes a simulation engine, a major feature is full model code generation in MATLAB, R, C, and Julia to support multiple modeling communities.


Assuntos
Farmacologia em Rede , Farmacologia , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Software , Simulação por Computador , Idioma
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