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7.
BMJ ; 384: q730, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38519087
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4750, 2024 02 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38413772

RESUMO

Teachers in Japanese schools employ alphabetical surname lists that call students sooner, with surnames appearing early on these lists. We conducted Internet surveys nearly every month from March 2020 to September 2022 with the same participants, wherein we asked participants where the alphabetical columns of their childhood and adult surnames were located. We aimed to identify how surname order is important for the formation of noncognitive skills. During the data collection period, the COVID-19 vaccines became available; Japanese people could receive their third dose starting in December 2021. The 19th wave of the survey was conducted in January 2022. Therefore, to examine how a surname's alphabetical order could influence intention to revaccinate, we used a subsample of data from December 2021 to September 2022. The major findings were as follows. Women with early surnames had an approximately 4% stronger likelihood of having such intentions than men with early surnames. Early name order was more strongly correlated with revaccination intention among women than among men. The surname effect for women was larger when a mixed-gender list was used compared with when it was not used. This effect was only observed for childhood surnames and not for adult surnames.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , População do Leste Asiático , Intenção , Nomes , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Imunização Secundária , Pandemias , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
J Chromatogr A ; 1717: 464687, 2024 Feb 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310698

RESUMO

The use of multiple names for multi-scope analytical methods is often confusing. More precise classification to better accommodate the scope of analytical validation and application is needed.


Assuntos
Nomes , Semântica
11.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 310: 690-694, 2024 Jan 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38269897

RESUMO

Few-shot learning (FSL) is a category of machine learning models that are designed with the intent of solving problems that have small amounts of labeled data available for training. FSL research progress in natural language processing (NLP), particularly within the medical domain, has been notably slow, primarily due to greater difficulties posed by domain-specific characteristics and data sparsity problems. We explored the use of novel methods for text representation and encoding combined with distance-based measures for improving FSL entity detection. In this paper, we propose a data augmentation method to incorporate semantic information from medical texts into the learning process and combine it with a nearest-neighbor classification strategy for predicting entities. Experiments performed on five biomedical text datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach often outperforms other approaches.


Assuntos
Intenção , Nomes , Análise por Conglomerados , Aprendizado de Máquina , Processamento de Linguagem Natural
14.
Zootaxa ; 5398(1): 1-122, 2024 Jan 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38221180

RESUMO

The online World Porifera Database (WPD), the Porifera part of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), lists virtually all published scientific names of sponges. The names of the WPD (as indeed all names in WoRMS) are guided by the Code of the International Comnission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). The WPD names include all currently accepted as well as original combinations, and a majority of non-accepted non-original combinations. Currently, among the accepted names about 200 original lower taxa combinations were found to be accepted by default, usually varieties or formae, which were given that status in the WPD because there was no sufficient published information to support arguments for or against the accepted status. After 1961, varieties and formae are considered infrasubspecific taxa whose names are not regulated by the Code and the names are unavailable, but prior to that date these trinominal taxa are potential available names. It is the purpose of the present study to evaluate these original default accepted combinations and arrive at an argumented judgement on whether they are to be truly accepted or non-accepted. Furthermore, additional lower taxa name violations of the Code are also included. Overall, there are three categories of names of lower taxa treated here, (1) with combinations, which are judged to be accepted with elevated status as (sub)specific taxa, (2) with combinations judged to be junior synonyms, and (3) with combinations, which are violating articles of the Code. Among the last category there are a small number of varietal taxa described after the 1960 cut-off date, which are unavailable but are proposed to have the original name combination retained, but as new names with authorship and year changed to those of the present article. Also, names found to be unavailable for various reasons (four-name combinations, junior homonyms, phylocode names) are in this category. The following 31 new names are proposed (three of which are junior synonyms of senior accepted names, and an additional three are unavailable names made available by employing the same name combination with the present authorship and year): Aaptos hoshinoi nom.nov., Ancorina nanosclera nom.nov., Axinella kurushima nom.nov., Callyspongia (Cladochalina) desqueyrouxfaundezae nom.nov., Cliona carpenteri subsp. hentscheli nom.nov., Callyspongia (Toxochalina) gustavoi nom.nov., Craniella microspira nom.nov., Dictyaulus romani nom.nov., Grantia breitfussi nom.nov., Haliclona alba subsp. albapontica nom.nov., Haliclona aquaeductus subsp. sebastopolensis nom.nov., Haliclona inflata subsp. vladimiri nom.nov., Haliclona informis subsp. voldomaroi nom.nov., Haliclona palmata subsp. pontuseuxiniensis nom.nov., Haliclona (Gellius) arthuri nom.nov., Haliclona (Gellius) godthaabae nom.nov., Haliclona merguiensis nom.nov., Haliclona senjitanitai nom.nov., Iophon hentscheli nom.nov., Leucandra wilsoni nom.nov., Paraleucilla bassensis nom.nov. (= P. saccharata), Pione carpenteri subsp. hentscheli nom.nov., Psammocinia samaaii nom.nov., Protoschmidtia czerniavskyi nom.nov. (= Metschnikowia tuberculata), Reiswiginella nom.nov., Scalarispongia lamarcki nom.nov., Spheciospongia hentscheli nom.nov., Spongia (Spongia) vonlendenfeldi nom.nov. (= S. (S.) lignosa), Suberites austral nom.nov., Suberites dendyi nom.nov., Suberites simae nom.nov., and Timea levii nom.nov.


Assuntos
Nomes , Poríferos , Animais , Autoria , Bases de Dados Factuais , Vaga-Lumes
15.
PLoS One ; 19(1): e0296906, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241297

RESUMO

This study seeks to address the difficulty of pricing art and the limitations of conventional valuation models by using visual analysis to determine the price of paintings. We examine a large hand-collected sample of classical paintings by Swedish Masters, categorize them based on various dimensions, and reduce measurement error by visually examining and classifying each painting into a theme. We compare this 'visual' approach with the conventional 'terminological' approach. We find that the technique, theme, and auction house all have a substantial impact on the price. We argue that a visual inspection should take precedence over analysis based on the artwork's title. This is because the latter leaves many artworks unclassified and results in a systematic bias. The study demonstrates the importance of using art-informed characteristics to reduce measurement error in pricing paintings.


Assuntos
Nomes , Pinturas , Suécia
16.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 148(2): 155-167, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37134236

RESUMO

CONTEXT.­: Health care providers were surveyed to determine their ability to correctly decipher laboratory test names and their preferences for laboratory test names and result displays. OBJECTIVE.­: To confirm principles for laboratory test nomenclature and display and to compare and contrast the abilities and preferences of different provider groups for laboratory test names. DESIGN.­: Health care providers across different specialties and perspectives completed a survey of 38 questions, which included participant demographics, real-life examples of poorly named laboratory orders that they were asked to decipher, an assessment of vitamin D test name knowledge, their preferences for ideal names for tests, and their preferred display for test results. Participants were grouped and compared by profession, level of training, and the presence or absence of specialization in informatics and/or laboratory medicine. RESULTS.­: Participants struggled with poorly named tests, especially with less commonly ordered tests. Participants' knowledge of vitamin D analyte names was poor and consistent with prior published studies. The most commonly selected ideal names correlated positively with the percentage of the authors' previously developed naming rules (R = 0.54, P < .001). There was strong consensus across groups for the best result display. CONCLUSIONS.­: Poorly named laboratory tests are a significant source of provider confusion, and tests that are named according to the authors' naming rules as outlined in this article have the potential to improve test ordering and correct interpretation of results. Consensus among provider groups indicates that a single yet clear naming strategy for laboratory tests is achievable.


Assuntos
Nomes , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Laboratórios , Vitamina D
17.
Nat Hum Behav ; 8(2): 190-193, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37989864
18.
Cortex ; 171: 308-318, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070386

RESUMO

Self-related processing is thought to be altered in autism, with several studies reporting that autistic individuals show a diminished neural response relative to neurotypicals for their own name and face. However, evidence remains scarce and is mostly based on event-related potential studies. Here, we used EEG to measure the neural activity of autistic adults (20 for faces, 27 for names) and neurotypical adults (24 for faces, 25 for names) while they were watching rapidly alternating faces and names, through a relatively new technique called Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation. We presented strangers' faces or names at a base frequency of 5.77 Hz, while one's own, a close other's, and a specific stranger's face/name was presented at an oddball frequency of 1.154 Hz. The neurotypical group showed a significantly greater response to their own face than both close other and stranger faces, and a greater response for close other than for stranger faces. In contrast, in the autism group, own and close other faces showed stronger responses than the stranger's face, but the difference between own and close other faces was not significant in a bilateral parieto-occipital cluster. No group differences in the enhanced response to familiar names were found. These results replicate and extend results obtained using traditional electroencephalographic techniques which suggest atypical responses to self-relevant stimuli in autism.


Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico , Nomes , Adulto , Humanos , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia
19.
Mem Cognit ; 52(1): 197-210, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37721701

RESUMO

Proper names are especially prone to retrieval failures and tip-of-the-tongue states (TOTs)-a phenomenon wherein a person has a strong feeling of knowing a word but cannot retrieve it. Current research provides mixed evidence regarding whether related names facilitate or compete with target-name retrieval. We examined this question in two experiments using a novel paradigm where participants either read a prime name aloud (Experiment 1) or classified a written prime name as famous or non-famous (Experiment 2) prior to naming a celebrity picture. Successful retrievals decreased with increasing trial number (and was dependent on the number of previously presented similar famous people) in both experiments, revealing a form of accumulating interference between multiple famous names. However, trial number had no effect on TOTs, and within each trial famous prime names increased TOTs only in Experiment 2. These results can be explained within a framework that assumes competition for selection at the point of lexical retrieval, such that successful retrievals decrease after successive retrievals of proper names of depicted faces of semantically similar people. By contrast, the effects of written prime words only occur when prime names are sufficiently processed, and do not provide evidence for competition but may reflect improved retrieval relative to a "don't know" response.


Assuntos
Rememoração Mental , Nomes , Humanos , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Leitura , Língua
20.
Psychol Res ; 88(1): 271-283, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37353613

RESUMO

Previous research has shown that, unlike misspelled common words, misspelled brand names are sensitive to visual letter similarity effects (e.g., amazom is often recognized as a legitimate brand name, but not amazot). This pattern poses problems for those models that assume that word identification is exclusively based on abstract codes. Here, we investigated the role of visual letter similarity using another type of word often presented in a more homogenous format than common words: city names. We found a visual letter similarity effect for misspelled city names (e.g., Barcetona was often recognized as a word, but not Barcesona) for relatively short durations of the stimuli (200 ms; Experiment 2), but not when the stimuli were presented until response (Experiment 1). Notably, misspelled common words did not show a visual letter similarity effect for brief 200- and 150-ms durations (e.g., votume was not as often recognized as a word than vosume; Experiments 3-4). These findings provide further evidence that the consistency in the format of presentations may shape the representation of words in the mental lexicon, which may be more salient in scenarios where processing resources are limited (e.g., brief exposure presentations).


Assuntos
Nomes , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Humanos , Leitura , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia
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