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1.
Primates ; 63(1): 65-78, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34716855

RESUMO

Howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) exhibit the most extensive distribution among platyrrhines, comprising Mesoamerican and South American species groups, with the South American group including the Brazilian endemic A. belzebul species complex encompassing A. belzebul, A. discolor, and A. ululata. We herein analyzed their phylogenetic relationship, nucleotide and haplotype diversity, and population demography based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b. The phylogenetic and median-joining network analyses distinguished A. discolor, distributed in the west bank of the Xingu River, from A. belzebul on the east bank. This river is a zoogeographic barrier for these species. We did not find evidence of phylogenetic structure between the A. belzebul populations of opposite banks of the Tocantins River, likely related to the changes in the position of this river to the northeast in the late Pleistocene. The A. belzebul along this river showed great morphologic and haplotype diversity, and A. belzebul from the Amazon have kept a larger population size than A. discolor. We herein describe the karyotype of A. discolor, which was similar to those described for A. ululata and A. belzebul. Our results showed two well-defined and supported clades for A. discolor and A. belzebul. However, a new assessment of A. ululata across a large distribution of sampling is required due to the lack of a clear phylogenetic structure.


Assuntos
Alouatta , Atelidae , Alouatta/genética , Alouattinae , Animais , Filogenia , Densidade Demográfica
2.
Am J Phys Anthropol ; 169(2): 322-331, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30972753

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Platyrrhines constitute a diverse clade, with the modern Atelidae exhibiting the most variation in cranial and endocast morphology. The processes responsible for this diversification are not well understood. Here, we present a geometric morphometric study describing variation in cranial and endocranial shape of 14 species of Alouatta, Ateles, Brachyteles, and Lagothrix and two extinct taxa, Cartelles and Caipora. METHODS: We examined cranial and endocranial shape variation among species using images reconstructed from CT scans and geometric morphometric techniques based on three-dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks. Principal components analyses were used to explore variation, including the Procrustes shape coordinates, summing the logarithm of the Centroid Size, the common allometric component, and residual shape components. RESULTS: Differences in endocranial shape are related to a relative increase or decrease in the volume of the neocortex region with respect to brainstem and cerebellum regions. The relative position of the brainstem varies from a posterior position in Alouatta to a more ventral position in Ateles. The shape of both the cranium and endocast of Caipora is within the observed variation of Brachyteles. Cartelles occupies the most differentiated position relative to the extant taxa, especially in regards to its endocranial shape. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of variation in the extant species in endocranial shape is similar to the variation observed in previous cranial studies, with Alouatta as an outlier. The similarities between Caipora and Brachyteles were unexpected and intriguing given the frugivorous adaptations inferred from the fossil's dentition. Our study shows the importance of considering both extant and fossil species when studying diversification of complex traits.


Assuntos
Atelidae/anatomia & histologia , Evolução Biológica , Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Crânio/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Antropologia Física , Atelidae/fisiologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Feminino , Fósseis , Masculino , Crânio/diagnóstico por imagem , Crânio/fisiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
3.
Genome Biol ; 19(1): 99, 2018 07 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30045748

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Enhancers play an important role in morphological evolution and speciation by controlling the spatiotemporal expression of genes. Previous efforts to understand the evolution of enhancers in primates have typically studied many enhancers at low resolution, or single enhancers at high resolution. Although comparative genomic studies reveal large-scale turnover of enhancers, a specific understanding of the molecular steps by which mammalian or primate enhancers evolve remains elusive. RESULTS: We identified candidate hominoid-specific liver enhancers from H3K27ac ChIP-seq data. After locating orthologs in 11 primates spanning around 40 million years, we synthesized all orthologs as well as computational reconstructions of 9 ancestral sequences for 348 active tiles of 233 putative enhancers. We concurrently tested all sequences for regulatory activity with STARR-seq in HepG2 cells. We observe groups of enhancer tiles with coherent trajectories, most of which can be potentially explained by a single gain or loss-of-activity event per tile. We quantify the correlation between the number of mutations along a branch and the magnitude of change in functional activity. Finally, we identify 84 mutations that correlate with functional changes; these are enriched for cytosine deamination events within CpGs. CONCLUSIONS: We characterized the evolutionary-functional trajectories of hundreds of liver enhancers throughout the primate phylogeny. We observe subsets of regulatory sequences that appear to have gained or lost activity. We use these data to quantify the relationship between sequence and functional divergence, and to identify CpG deamination as a potentially important force in driving changes in enhancer activity during primate evolution.


Assuntos
Atelidae/genética , Callitrichinae/genética , Cebidae/genética , Cercopithecidae/genética , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Hominidae/genética , Hylobatidae/genética , Animais , Atelidae/classificação , Evolução Biológica , Callitrichinae/classificação , Cebidae/classificação , Cercopithecidae/classificação , Ilhas de CpG , Células Hep G2 , Histonas/genética , Histonas/metabolismo , Hominidae/classificação , Humanos , Hylobatidae/classificação , Fígado/citologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Mutação , Filogenia
4.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 154(4): 217-228, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29991050

RESUMO

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons constitute the dominant category of transposons in mammalian genomes. L1 elements are active in the vast majority of mammals, and only a few cases of L1 extinction have been documented. The only possible case of extinction in primates was suggested for South American spider monkeys. However, these previous studies were based on a single species. We revisited this question with a larger phylogenetic sample, covering all 4 genera of Atelidae and 3 species of spider monkeys. We used an enrichment method to clone recently inserted L1 elements and performed an evolutionary analysis of the sequences. We were able to identify young L1 elements in all taxa, suggesting that L1 is probably still active in all Atelidae examined. However, we also detected considerable variations in the proportion of recent elements indicating that the rate of L1 amplification varies among Atelidae by a 3-fold factor. The extent of L1 amplification in Atelidae remains overall lower than in other New World monkeys. Multiple factors can affect the amplification of L1, such as the demography of the host and the control of transposition. These factors are discussed in the context of host life history.


Assuntos
Atelidae/classificação , Atelidae/genética , Evolução Molecular , Amplificação de Genes/genética , Elementos Nucleotídeos Longos e Dispersos/genética , Filogenia , Animais , Sequência Consenso/genética , Sequência Conservada/genética
6.
Mol Phylogenet Evol ; 82 Pt B: 495-510, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24751996

RESUMO

Using complete mitochondrial genome sequences, we provide the first molecular analysis of the phylogenetic position of the yellow-tailed woolly monkey, Lagothrix flavicauda (a.k.a. Oreonax flavicauda), a critically endangered neotropical primate endemic to northern Perú. The taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys have been debated for many years, but in this study both Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions unequivocally support a monophyletic woolly monkey clade that includes L. flavicauda as the basal taxon within the radiation. Bayesian dating analyses using several alternative calibrations suggest that the divergence of yellow-tailed woolly monkeys from other Lagothrix occurred in the Pleistocene, ∼2.1Ma, roughly 6.5 my after the divergence of woolly monkeys from their sister genus, Brachyteles. Additionally, comparative analysis of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX2) gene shows that genetic distances between yellow-tailed woolly monkeys and other Lagothrix from across the genus' geographic distribution fall well within the range of between-species divergences seen in a large number of other platyrrhine primate genera at the same locus and outside the range of between-genus divergences. Our results thus confirm a position within Lagothrix for the yellow-tailed woolly monkey and strongly suggest that the name Oreonax be formally considered a synonym for this genus. This revision in taxonomic status does not change the dire conservation threats facing the yellow-tailed woolly monkey in Perú, where the remaining wild population is estimated at only ∼10,000 individuals living in a highly fragmented landscape.


Assuntos
Atelidae/classificação , Evolução Biológica , Filogenia , Animais , Atelidae/genética , Teorema de Bayes , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Funções Verossimilhança , Modelos Genéticos , Peru , Análise de Sequência de DNA , América do Sul
7.
Rev. etol. (Online) ; 12(1/2): 12-17, dez. 2013. ilus, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: psi-67690

RESUMO

Extra group copulations are rarely observed among the Alouatta genus, which lives in a fragmented area in Brazil. Here, we describe the second extra group copulation in A. caraya in literature, which was the first from Brazil. This happened in the southeast urban island forest, which measures 25 ha. In this forest there are two troops: one of them with thirteen howlers and the other with four. These howlers may be extinct in a few years since in the region there is only 3.89 % of native forests and high anthropic action due to agribusiness. We discuss the possible issues that led to the extra group copulation.(AU)


Cópulas extra grupo raramente são observados em animais do gênero Alouatta, que vivem em áreas fragmentadas do Brasil. Aqui, descrevemos a segunda cópula extra grupo em A. caraya na literatura, que foi a primeira do Brasil. Isso aconteceu na floresta ilha urbana sudeste, que mede 25 ha. Nesta floresta existem dois bandos: um deles com treze bugios e o outro com quatro. Estes bugios podem ser extintos em poucos anos, uma vez que na região há apenas 3,89% de florestas nativas e alta ação antrópica, devido ao agronegócio. Nós discutimos os possíveis aspectos que levaram à cópula extra grupo.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Atelidae/psicologia , Copulação , Brasil
8.
Rev. etol. (Online) ; 12(1/2): 12-17, Dec. 2013. ilus, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-772582

RESUMO

Extra group copulations are rarely observed among the Alouatta genus, which lives in a fragmented area in Brazil. Here, we describe the second extra group copulation in A. caraya in literature, which was the first from Brazil. This happened in the southeast urban island forest, which measures 25 ha. In this forest there are two troops: one of them with thirteen howlers and the other with four. These howlers may be extinct in a few years since in the region there is only 3.89 % of native forests and high anthropic action due to agribusiness. We discuss the possible issues that led to the extra group copulation.


Cópulas extra grupo raramente são observados em animais do gênero Alouatta, que vivem em áreas fragmentadas do Brasil. Aqui, descrevemos a segunda cópula extra grupo em A. caraya na literatura, que foi a primeira do Brasil. Isso aconteceu na floresta ilha urbana sudeste, que mede 25 ha. Nesta floresta existem dois bandos: um deles com treze bugios e o outro com quatro. Estes bugios podem ser extintos em poucos anos, uma vez que na região há apenas 3,89% de florestas nativas e alta ação antrópica, devido ao agronegócio. Nós discutimos os possíveis aspectos que levaram à cópula extra grupo.


Assuntos
Animais , Atelidae/psicologia , Copulação , Brasil
9.
J Hum Evol ; 65(4): 374-90, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23972780

RESUMO

The recently extinct large-bodied New World monkey Protopithecus brasiliensis Lund 1836 was named based on a distal humerus and proximal femur found in the Lagoa Santa cave system in the southeastern Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. These bones are from an animal about twice the size of the largest extant platyrrhines. One hundred and seventy-five years later, a nearly complete skeleton was discovered in the Toca da Boa Vista caves in the neighboring state of Bahia and was allocated to the same taxon as it was the first platyrrhine fossil of comparable size found since the originals. Our detailed study of the equivalent elements, however, reveals important morphological differences that do not correspond to intraspecific variation as we know it in related platyrrhine taxa. The presence of both an expanded brachioradialis flange on the humerus and gluteal tuberosity on the femur of the Bahian skeleton distinguishes it from the Lagoa Santa fossil as well as from all other platyrrhines. Further cranial and postcranial evidence suggests a closer relationship of the former with the alouattine Alouatta, while the limited Lund material fits more comfortably with the ateline clade. Therefore, we propose to limit P. brasiliensis Lund to the distal humerus and proximal femur from Lagoa Santa and erect a new genus and species for the skeleton from Toca da Boa Vista. Cartelles coimbrafilhoi was a large-bodied frugivore with a relatively small brain and diverse locomotor repertoire including both suspension and climbing that expands the range of platyrrhine biodiversity beyond the dimensions of the living neotropical primates.


Assuntos
Atelidae/anatomia & histologia , Atelidae/classificação , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Fósseis , Animais , Atelidae/fisiologia , Evolução Biológica , Brasil , Atividade Motora
10.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 22(2): 307-11, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23778825

RESUMO

During necropsy of a specimen of Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, pinworms were found in the large intestine. The intensity of infection was 64 parasites (17 males and 47 females) and there were no gross pathological changes related to parasitism. After morphological analysis the parasites were identified as Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Buckley, 1931) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). This is the first record of this oxyurid species in primates in Brazil.


Assuntos
Atelidae , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Oxiuríase/veterinária , Oxyuroidea , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino
11.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(2): 307-311, Apr.-June 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-679419

RESUMO

During necropsy of a specimen of Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae) from the Brazilian Amazon, pinworms were found in the large intestine. The intensity of infection was 64 parasites (17 males and 47 females) and there were no gross pathological changes related to parasitism. After morphological analysis the parasites were identified as Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Buckley, 1931) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). This is the first record of this oxyurid species in primates in Brazil.


Durante a necropsia de Lagothrix cana (É. Geoffroy, 1812) (Primates: Atelidae) oriundo da Amazônia brasileira, oxiurídeos foram encontrados no intestino grosso. A intensidade de infecção foi de 64 parasitos (17 machos e 47 fêmeas), não havendo alterações patológicas macroscópicas relacionadas ao parasitismo. Após análise morfológica os parasitos foram identificados como Trypanoxyuris (Paraoxyuronema) lagothricis (Buckley, 1931) (Nematoda: Oxyuridae). Este é o primeiro relato desta espécie de oxiurídeo em primatas no Brasil.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Oxyuroidea/anatomia & histologia , Oxyuroidea/classificação , Atelidae , Doenças dos Macacos/parasitologia , Oxiuríase/veterinária , Brasil
12.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 137(2-4): 259-72, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22699158

RESUMO

During the last decades, New World monkey (NWM, Platyrrhini, Anthropoideae) comparative cytogenetics has shed light on many fundamental aspects of genome organisation and evolution in this fascinating, but also highly endangered group of neotropical primates. In this review, we first provide an overview about the evolutionary origin of the inferred ancestral NWM karyotype of 2n = 54 chromosomes and about the lineage-specific chromosome rearrangements resulting in the highly divergent karyotypes of extant NWM species, ranging from 2n = 16 in a titi monkey to 2n = 62 in a woolly monkey. Next, we discuss the available data on the chromosome phylogeny of NWM in the context of recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. In the last part, we highlight some recent research on the molecular mechanisms responsible for the large-scale evolutionary genomic changes in platyrrhine monkeys.


Assuntos
Cromossomos de Mamíferos/genética , Evolução Molecular , Platirrinos/classificação , Platirrinos/genética , Animais , Atelidae/classificação , Atelidae/genética , Cebidae/classificação , Cebidae/genética , Coloração Cromossômica , Análise Citogenética , Cariótipo , Filogenia , Pitheciidae/classificação , Pitheciidae/genética , Especificidade da Espécie
14.
Integr Zool ; 6(4): 399-408, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22182331

RESUMO

Seeds of many plant species are secondarily dispersed by dung beetles, but the outcome of this interaction is highly context-specific. Little is known about how certain anthropogenic disturbances affect this plant-animal interaction. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of dung type on secondary dispersal by dung beetles in a forest fragment, and to determine whether this interaction is affected by edge effects. Using pitfall traps, we captured dung beetles attracted to dung of 2 frugivorous mammals: woolly monkeys and howler monkeys. We found differences between both dung beetle assemblages, but these differences were not consistent in time. Using seeds surrounded by both dung types, we carried out a field experiment using seeds of 2 plant species. We found that the probability of secondary dispersal by dung beetles was higher for seeds placed in woolly monkey dung. Finally, we carried out a field experiment using plastic beads as seed mimics to assess edge effects. We found that secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles was negatively affected by edges. The disruption of plant-animal interactions along anthropogenic forest edges could have long-term negative effects on forest dynamics by affecting processes of regeneration.


Assuntos
Atelidae , Besouros/fisiologia , Fezes , Florestas , Dispersão de Sementes/fisiologia , Animais , Colômbia , Especificidade da Espécie
15.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 19(2): 124-6, 2010.
Artigo em Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20624351

RESUMO

This study aims to register the occurrence of Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus in Alouatta guariba clamitans, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two specimens of A. guariba clamitans, died accidentally, have been necropsied for parasitological studies. Only the large intestine and caecum were infected by T. minutus. The parasitism intensity was 6650 parasites and the density was 2.6 parasites/cm3 of large intestine. In the caecum, the mean intensity was 6753 +/- 490.73 parasites, with mean density of 6.23 +/- 5.13 parasites/cm3. The present study supplies information on adult nematodes biometry and this is the first record of T. (T.) minutus in A. guariba clamitans from Minas Gerais State, Brazil.


Assuntos
Atelidae/parasitologia , Oxyurida/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Oxyurida/anatomia & histologia
16.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 19(2): 124-126, Apr.-June 2010. ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-604652

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo registrar a ocorrência de Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus em Alouatta guariba clamitans no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e fornecer dados quantitativos sobre as infrapopulações desses nematoides, além de dados morfológicos e biométricos de machos e fêmeas. Dois espécimes de A. guariba clamitans, mortos acidentalmente, foram necropsiados, visando aos estudos parasitológicos. Apenas o intestino grosso e o ceco estavam parasitados por T. (T.) minutus. A intensidade do parasitismo no intestino grosso foi de 6650 parasitos e a densidade de 2,6 parasitos/cm³ de intestino. No ceco, observou-se uma intensidade média de 6.753 ± 490,73 parasitos, com uma densidade média de 6,23 ± 5,13 parasitos/cm³. O presente trabalho fornece informações sobre a biometria dos adultos de T. (T.) minutus nessa espécie de hospedeiro, e se constitui no primeiro registro dessa espécie em A. guariba clamitans em Minas Gerais, Brasil.


This study aims to register the occurrence of Trypanoxyuris (Trypanoxyuris) minutus in Alouatta guariba clamitans, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Two specimens of A. guariba clamitans, died accidentally, have been necropsied for parasito-logical studies. Only the large intestine and caecum were infected by T. minutus. The parasitism intensity was 6650 parasites and the density was 2.6 parasites/cm³ of large intestine. In the caecum, the mean intensity was 6753 ± 490.73 parasites, with mean density of 6.23 ± 5.13 parasites/cm³. The present study supplies information on adult nematodes biometry and this is the first record of T. (T.) minutus in A. guariba clamitans from Minas Gerais State, Brazil.


Assuntos
Animais , Atelidae/parasitologia , Oxyurida/isolamento & purificação , Brasil , Oxyurida/anatomia & histologia
17.
Am J Primatol ; 72(2): 122-8, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19885910

RESUMO

We investigated whether sex differences in spatial dynamics correlate with rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations in northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural-Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 2,727 10 min focal subject samples were collected on 32 adult females and 31 adult males between April 2007 and March 2008. Compared with males, females spent a significantly lower proportion of their time in proximity to other group members and gave staccatos at significantly higher rates while feeding, resting, and traveling. Conversely, males emitted neigh vocalizations at significantly higher rates than females when feeding and resting only. Both sexes gave significantly more staccatos when feeding than when they were engaged in other activities, but their respective rates of neighs did not vary across activities. Both females and males emitted staccato vocalizations at significantly higher rates during times of the year when preferred foods were scarce, but no seasonal differences in the rates of neigh vocalizations were observed in either sex. Females and males showed a reduction in the number of neighbors following staccato vocalizations and an increase in the number of neighbors following neigh vocalizations. Our findings of sex differences in the rates of staccato and neigh vocalizations and the effects of these vocalizations on interindividual spacing are consistent with sex differences in spatial dynamics, and confirm the role of vocal communication in mediating spatial associations in this species.


Assuntos
Atelidae/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Vocalização Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Espectrografia do Som/métodos
18.
Cytogenet Genome Res ; 125(1): 46-53, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19617696

RESUMO

In order to study the intergeneric variability of the Y chromosome, we describe the hybridization of the Y chromosome of Brachytelesarachnoides, obtained by microdissection, to metaphases of Atelesbelzebuthmarginatus, Lagothrixlagothricha, and Alouatta male specimens. Brachytelesarachnoides (Atelinae) has 62 chromosomes and a very small Y chromosome. Our results showed that the Brachytelesarachnoides Y chromosome probe hybridized to Lagothrixlagothricha metaphases yielding one hybridization signal on only the tiny Y chromosome, and when hybridized with Atelesbelzebuthmarginatus metaphases it yielded one hybridization signal on two thirds of the small acrocentric Y chromosome. However, no hybridization signal was observed in Alouatta metaphases (subfamily Alouattinae), a closely related genus in the Atelidae family. Furthermore, our data support a close phylogenetic relationship among Brachyteles, Ateles, and Lagothrix and their placement in the Atelinae subfamily, but exclude Alouatta from this group indicating its placement as basal to this group.


Assuntos
Atelidae/genética , Cromossomo Y/genética , Alouatta/classificação , Alouatta/genética , Animais , Atelidae/classificação , Atelinae/classificação , Atelinae/genética , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Microdissecção/métodos , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Especificidade da Espécie
19.
Acta Virol ; 53(2): 73-82, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19537907

RESUMO

Hepatitis B viruses (HBVs) represent a serious public health problem affecting 350 to 400 million HBV carriers worldwide. The virus does not exclusively infect humans, but can also be found in non-human primates as in the families Hominidae (chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan) and Hylobatidae (gibbon), which are distributed over Africa (chimpanzee and gorilla) and Southeast Asia (orangutan and gibbon), the endemic areas of human HBV. The prevalence of asymptomatic HBV carriers reaches in gibbons 23-33% and in orangutans 15%. The genome organization of non-human primate HBVs is nearly identical to that of human HBVs. Because of this close similarity, the question of cross-transmission of HBV between species has arisen. There are many data on cross-transmission of human HBVs to the non-human primates. However, a cross-transmission of HBVs from non-human primates to humans has not been reported yet. Using more advanced diagnostic methods, the non-human primates have increasingly been identified as a reservoir of several viruses such as lymphocryptoviruses, Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (CeHV-1), Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Simian foamy virus (SFV), and HBVs. Thus veterinarians, zookeepers, or people in close contact with non-human primates may potentially become infected with those viruses causing severe diseases. Enhanced awareness of prevalence, genetic relatedness and evolution of non-human primate HBVs will help prevent further spread and cross-transmission of these viruses between humans and non-human primates.


Assuntos
Atelidae , Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B/veterinária , Hominidae , Hylobatidae , Doenças dos Primatas/epidemiologia , África/epidemiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Atelidae/classificação , Atelidae/virologia , Sequência de Bases , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/transmissão , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Portador Sadio/virologia , Evolução Molecular , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/transmissão , Hepatite B/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite B/patogenicidade , Hominidae/classificação , Hominidae/virologia , Humanos , Hylobatidae/classificação , Hylobatidae/virologia , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Prevalência , Doenças dos Primatas/transmissão , Doenças dos Primatas/virologia
20.
Mol Phylogenet Evol ; 50(3): 507-13, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19135536

RESUMO

Due to contradicting relationships obtained from various morphological and genetic studies, phylogenetic relationships among New World monkey genera are highly disputed. In the present study, we analyzed the presence/absence pattern of 128 SINE integrations in all New World monkey genera. Among them, 70 were specific for only a single genus, whereas another 18 were present in all New World monkey genera. The 40 remaining insertions were informative to elucidate phylogenetic relationships among genera. Several of them confirmed the monophyly of the three families Cebidae, Atelidae and Pitheciidae as well as of the subfamily Callithrichinae. Further markers provided evidence for a sister grouping of Cebidae and Atelidae to the exclusion of Pitheciidae as well as for relationships among genera belonging to Callithrichinae and Atelidae. Although a close affiliation of Saimiri, Aotus and Cebus to Callithrichinae was shown, the relationships among the three genera remained unresolved due to three contradicting insertions.


Assuntos
Atelidae/genética , Cebidae/genética , Filogenia , Pitheciidae/genética , Animais , Atelidae/classificação , Cebidae/classificação , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Evolução Molecular , Mutagênese Insercional , Pitheciidae/classificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Elementos Nucleotídeos Curtos e Dispersos , Especificidade da Espécie
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