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1.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 14426, 2023 09 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37660220

RESUMO

Wellcomia compar (Spirurina: Oxyuridae) is a pinworm that infects wild and captive porcupines. Despite clear records of its morphological structure, its genetics, systematics, and biology are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of W. compar and reconstruct its phylogenetic relationship with other nematodes. We sequenced the complete mt genome of W. comparand conducted phylogenetic analyses using concatenated coding sequences of 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The complete mt genome is 14,373 bp in size and comprises 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding, two rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. Apart from 28 intergenic regions, one non-coding region and one overlapping region also occur. A comparison of the gene arrangements of Oxyuridomorpha revealed relatively similar features in W. compar and Wellcomia siamensis. Phylogenetic analysis also showed that W. compar and W. siamensis formed a sister group. In Oxyuridomorpha the genetic distance between W. compar and W. siamensis was 0.0805. This study reports, for the first time, the complete W. compar mt genome sequence obtained from Chinese porcupines. It provides genetic markers for investigating the taxonomy, population genetics, and phylogenetics of pinworms from different hosts and has implications for the diagnosis, prevention, and control of parasitic diseases in porcupines and other animals.


Assuntos
Genoma Mitocondrial , Oxyuroidea , Spirurina , Animais , Filogenia , Teorema de Bayes
2.
Syst Parasitol ; 99(2): 253-283, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35122613

RESUMO

Species of rictulariid nematodes belonging to the genus Pterygodermatites Wedl, 1861 are parasites of mammals with a wide geographical distribution. The taxonomy of this speciose genus is complex and based mainly on morphological traits of the cephalic structures and cuticular processes. Currently, the known species are allocated to five subgenera [P. (Paucipectines), P. (Neopaucipectines), P. (Multipectines), P. (Pterygodermatites) and P. (Mesopectines)], based on the classification proposed in 1969 by Quentin. Studies on life cycles, taxonomy, biogeography and association of these parasites with mammals peaked at the end of the 1960s. Although the momentum was lost, new species and geographic records have been added in the last 50 years. Therefore, an updated checklist of species of Pterygodermatites is presented here, based on a literature survey. Information on classification, geographical distribution and host range obtained for 68 species is presented, including a distribution map. Moreover, the main differential morphological traits related to each species are tabulated. More than 140 species from 10 different mammalian orders (Carnivora, Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, Erinaceomorpha, Macroscelidae, Microbiotheria, Paucituberculata, Primates, Rodentia and Xenarthra) have been reported as hosts of Pterygodermatites spp. The taxonomic information here compiled can contribute to future studies on the biogeography, in addition to evolutionary and ecological aspects of this diverse but poorly known genus of parasitic nematodes of mammals.


Assuntos
Mamíferos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/fisiologia , Animais , Lista de Checagem , Especificidade da Espécie , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/classificação
3.
Parasitol Int ; 87: 102511, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34781011

RESUMO

Paraleptus (Spirurida: Physalopteridae) is a small genus of nematodes, parasitic in fishes, most species of which are inadequately described. Genetic data for these congeners have not been reported. The detailed morphology of P. chiloscyllii was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy, based on newly collected specimens from the brownbanded bambooshark C. punctatum Müller & Henle (Elasmobranchii: Orectolobiformes) in the Taiwan Strait. Some previously unreported morphological features of taxonomic significance were observed, i.e., pseudolabium with two sublateral rows of 6-7 small spines, 7-8 small spines on each lower rim between pseudolabia, deirids not distally bifurcated, vulva with remarkable protruding lip, presence of 1 pair medio-ventral precloacal papillae and 1 pair of discoid protrusions of postcloacal lip in male. The specimens described by González-Solís & Ali's (2015) as P. chiloscyllii from the Arabian carpetshark C. arabicum off Iraq are considered a new species, for which the name P. moraveci n. sp. is proposed. The genetic characterization of the partial small (18S) and large (28S) ribosomal DNA, and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) of P. chiloscyllii are provided for the first time. There was no intraspecific nucleotide divergence detected in the 18S and 28S regions among different individuals of P. chiloscyllii, but a low level of intraspecific genetic variation was found in the cox1 (0.62-0.92%). The present genetic data is very important for molecular identification, and will be valuable for further invertigantions on the population genetics and phylogeny of this group.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Tubarões/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/genética , Spirurina/ultraestrutura , Animais , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia
4.
J Parasitol ; 107(6): 831-837, 2021 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34727168

RESUMO

Rictularia jiyeoni n. sp. from the small intestine of the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Korea, is described and illustrated. Specimens were studied using light and scanning electron microscopies. This rictulariid nematode is closest to the Rictularia species that have a reduced number of combs and spines. However, the new species can be differentiated from the other species of Rictularia by having 36-58 perioral denticles, a buccal capsule with a single esophageal tooth, and 37-44 pairs of combs and spines of which 32-37 are prevulvar and 5-11 are postvulvar.


Assuntos
Murinae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , República da Coreia , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/ultraestrutura
5.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(11)2021 11 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34828378

RESUMO

Despite several decades of intensive research on spirurine nematodes, molecular data on some of the main lineages are still absent, which makes taxonomic classification insufficiently resolved. In the present study, we sequenced the first complete mitogenome for the family Quimperiidae, belonging to P. sinensis (Spirurina: Quimperiidae), a parasite living in the intestines of snakehead (Ophiocephalus argus). The circular mitogenome is 13,874 bp long, and it contains the standard nematode gene set: 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 12 protein-coding genes. There are also two long non-coding regions (NCR), in addition to only 8 other intergenic regions, ranging in size from 1 to 58 bp. To investigate its phylogenetic position and study the relationships among other available Spirurina, we performed the phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood approaches by concatenating the nucleotide sequences of all 36 genes on a dataset containing all available mitogenomes of the suborder Spirurina from NCBI and compared with gene order phylogenies using the MLGO program. Both supported the closer relationship of Ascaridoidea to Seuratoidea than to Spiruroidea. Pingus formed a sister-group with the Cucullanus genus. The results provide a new insights into the relationships within Spirurina.


Assuntos
Mitocôndrias/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Spirurina/genética , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Uso do Códon , Evolução Molecular , Ordem dos Genes , Tamanho do Genoma , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação
6.
J Helminthol ; 95: e55, 2021 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34526166

RESUMO

The nematode Mooleptus rabuka is recorded in the digestive tract of catshark Apristurus fedorovi caught at the Imperial Ridge (Pacific Ocean). Important morphological features such as the number of cephalic and caudal papillae, the position of amphids and the shape of the gubernaculum are detailed in this parasite species. According to the phylogenetic analyses based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, M. rabuka forms a lineage, Mooleptinae nom. nov., which is close to the gnathostomatid genus Echinocephalus (maximum likelihood analysis), or else forms a polytomy with this genus and the lineages of Anguillicola + Spiroxys and Tanqua + 'Linstowinema' sp. (Bayesian inference analysis). Overall, our findings do not support the monophyly of the Gnathostomatidae. We elevate spiroxyines to the family status, Spiroxyidae stat. nov., and temporarily consider the Gnathostomatidae to include the following subfamilies: Ancyracanthinae Yorke & Maplestone, 1926, Gnathostomatinae Railliet, 1895 sensu lato and Mooleptinae nom. nov. The name Mooleptinae nom. nov. is suggested instead of the Metaleptinae Moravec & Nagasawa, 2000, which is based on a preoccupied generic name Metaleptus Machida, Ogawa & Okiyama, 1982.


Assuntos
Dracunculoidea , Rabditídios , Spirurina , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Filogenia
7.
J Parasitol ; 107(4): 593-599, 2021 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34324665

RESUMO

Several mortality events involving barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) and cliff swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) were reported in the Upper Midwestern states in 2017 and 2018. Barn swallow mortality followed unseasonal cold snaps, with the primary cause of death being emaciation with concurrent air sac nematodiasis. Lesions in cliff swallows were consistent with blunt force trauma from suspected car impacts. Examination of air sac nematodes from both bird species revealed morphological characters consistent with Diplotriaena obtusa. Sequence analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene indicated the samples clustered with other species in the genus Diplotriaena. These nematodes provide a link between morphological specimens and DNA sequence data for D. obtusa.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação , Andorinhas/parasitologia , Cavidade Abdominal/parasitologia , Sacos Aéreos/parasitologia , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/mortalidade , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Temperatura Baixa , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/patologia , Spirurina/classificação , Spirurina/genética , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/mortalidade , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/veterinária
8.
Parasitology ; 148(8): 962-974, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33934728

RESUMO

Due to conflicts between classic and molecular systematics of Camallanidae, different data types were used for the first time, to better understand the evolutionary history and taxa consistency within this family. Genetic [18S and 28S rDNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA], morphological and life history traits were used to infer phylogenies using Bayesian inference, reconstructed from separated and concatenated datasets. The consistency of tree and morphological traits was evaluated using the consistency index. Characters were mapped on the trees and the phylogenetic informativeness of genetic markers was estimated. Phylogenetic informativeness of 18S provided better resolution for outer nodes, COI for inners and 28S had an intermediate profile. New sequences for two camallanid species were obtained. Phylogenies of genetic and concatenated data largely agreed, showing more divergence in the COI dataset, due to its higher mutation rate vs stable morphology for diagnosing higher taxa. No genus sustained monophyly. The lack of autapomorphy and phylogenetic proximity supported the partition of Batrachocamallanus as synonym of Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus, which should not be considered as subgenera. Although traits of buccal capsule, male tail, habitat, host and biogeographic were highly consistent, intrinsic patterns varied according to different taxa assemblages. Morphological systematics of Camallanidae, based on buccal capsule, is artificial for certain taxa.


Assuntos
Filogenia , Spirurina/classificação , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , DNA Mitocondrial/química , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , Ecossistema , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/genética
9.
Turkiye Parazitol Derg ; 45(1): 17-21, 2021 03 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33685063

RESUMO

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of eprinomectin, moxidectin and fenbendazole for treating Dentostomella translucida infections in naturally infected Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Methods: A total of 28 gerbils were placed in individually numbered cages to determine the individual animal parasite load. Eggs per gram (EPG) counts were used to estimate the efficacy of the drugs. The day before the anthelmintic administration was denoted as day 0, and the EPG counts were determined by the McMaster technique from the stool removed from the cage bottom on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. The animals were assigned to one of four treatment groups according to their day 0 EPG counts. The orally administered drugs in the treatment groups were eprinomectin (15 mg/kg), moxidectin (0.4 mg/kg) and fenbendazole (12 mg/kg) for groups 1-3, respectively. The fourth group served as the control (without any drug administration). Results: Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on weekly EPG counts. The values decreased to zero in the fenbendazole group at 4 weeks of follow-up after treatment, and no parasite was found in any of the repeated examinations. The eprinomectin and moxidectin groups exhibited a fluctuating EPG state on both individual and group basis. Conclusion: D. translucida, which is known as the specific parasite of gerbils, can easily affect other members of the animal colony; thus, the control of its presence in gerbil breeding units is necessary. Therefore, the reported effective drug treatments are important for the fight against the investigated parasitic infection.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Gerbillinae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Spirurida/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/prevenção & controle , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
J Parasitol ; 107(2): 155-162, 2021 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33662115

RESUMO

Probstmayria gombensis File, 1976 (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) individuals discharged in the feces of eastern chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, in Bulindi, Uganda, were examined morphologically. Adults and fourth-stage larvae, all females, found in the feces, and the third-stage larvae excised from the uterus of the gravid females were described. By close observation of the molting worms, it was considered that the uterine third-stage larvae attain molting phase, and then are laid to become fourth-stage larvae. Nutrients required for larval development in the uterus seem to be supplied by the mother after the eggshell is formed. After some growth in the host intestine, the fourth-stage larvae undergo the final molt to the adult stage. The genital primordium was very small in the early fourth-stage larvae but rapidly developed with embryonation in the pre-molt and molting phases. Such precocity suggests parthenogenetic reproduction without insemination by males. This style may enhance rapid autoinfection in the host intestine under the condition of male worm scarcity. Several ellipsoidal pseudocoelomocytes with granules of unknown function were found ventral to the intestine of the adults, fourth-stage larvae, and third-stage larvae.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/parasitologia , Pan troglodytes/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Doenças dos Símios Antropoides/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Uganda/epidemiologia
11.
J Parasitol ; 107(2): 172-178, 2021 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33662117

RESUMO

Skrjabinoptera vietnamensis n. sp. is described from specimens recovered from the stomach of Eutropis macularia in north-central Vietnam. The new species is characterized by the medium-sized male worms (6.7-8.7 mm in length and 154-182 µm in width) relative to known members of the genus, 2 pointed spicules of unequal length (87-112 µm and 56-72 µm in length), and 10 pairs of caudal papillae. Female worms are larger than male worms (10.7-18.4 mm in length and 264-411 µm in width), with the vulva situated in the anterior part, and embryonated, elliptical eggs, 35-46 µm long by 20-24 µm wide. Skrjabinoptera vietnamensis n. sp. represents the ninth species assigned to the genus and the first species recorded from the Oriental region. Partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) are provided for the new species. The molecular phylogenetic position of the genus Skrjabinoptera is briefly discussed.


Assuntos
Lagartos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/classificação , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/genética , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Ribossômico/química , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/genética , Spirurina/ultraestrutura , Estômago/parasitologia , Vietnã
12.
J Parasitol ; 107(1): 138-140, 2021 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33647983

RESUMO

Quail populations in the United States have been declining for several decades, and the role that parasites may be playing in this decline is not well understood. The goal of this study was to document novel parasites that inhabited the scaled quail, Callipepla squamata, of the Trans-Pecos ecoregion of Texas. To do this, quail were collected by hunter-harvest, night-netting, and funnel-trapping and were necropsied in the laboratory to determine the parasites they hosted. After analyzing 386 birds, we identified Dispharynx sp. in one of the samples. This specimen is the first to be officially documented in scaled quail.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Codorniz/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/patologia , Proventrículo/parasitologia , Proventrículo/patologia , Infecções por Spirurida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/patologia , Spirurina/classificação , Texas/epidemiologia
13.
J Parasitol ; 107(1): 98-107, 2021 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33567092

RESUMO

Falcaustra vietnamensis n. sp. is described from the small intestine of Physignathus cocincinus from north-central Vietnam. The new species is characterized by the large male worms (20.2-28.8 mm in length and 557-724 µm in width) relative to known members of the genus, 2 sharply pointed alate spicules of equal length (1,128-1,256 µm in length), gubernaculum including 2 separate pieces, 1 ventral with a pointed distal end and 1 dorsal with a blunt distal end (164-192 µm and 155-172 µm in length, respectively), and 12 pairs of caudal papillae. Female worms are larger than male worms (24.2-34.1 mm in length and 532-735 µm in width), with the vulva situated in the posterior half of body, and elliptical eggs, 60-70 µm long by 42-47 µm wide. Falcaustra vietnamensis n. sp. represents the 38th species assigned to the genus and the third species recorded from a lizard host in the Oriental biogeographical region. Partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA), internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) are provided for the new species. The molecular phylogenetic position of the genus Falcaustra is briefly discussed.


Assuntos
Lagartos/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/classificação , Spirurina/genética , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , DNA de Helmintos/química , DNA de Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura/veterinária , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spirurina/ultraestrutura , Vietnã
14.
Parasitol Res ; 120(3): 941-948, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33442816

RESUMO

Air sac nematodes from birds are known for more than 200 years now and Filaria attenuata was the first described species from falcons, owl and corvid birds. The superficial description and the loss of the original material made F. attenuata a species inquirenda. Seurat (1915) redescribed the species with material from lanner falcon and pallid harrier from Algeria and based on this description Bain and Mawson, Rec S Aust Mus 18:265-28, (1981) created a new species, Serratospiculum seurati, by adding some, slightly divergent, measurements. The current paper is based on light and scanning electron microscopy of five male and 10 female S. seurati specimens from a Peregrine falcon that acquired the infection in Pakistan. The length of the slender male and female nematodes varied between 42-70 and 165-221 mm, respectively, spicules of unequal shape and length measured 292-325 and 638-785 µm. S. seurati was also found in Saker, Barbary and crossbreed falcons.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Falconiformes/parasitologia , Spirurina/classificação , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Microscopia , Paquistão , Spirurina/citologia , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação
15.
Parasitol Res ; 120(1): 341-345, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33118608

RESUMO

Cucullanus carettae Baylis, 1923 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) is found worldwide in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). Regarding the Mediterranean, C. carettae has been identified in the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian Sea and a unique description of a Cucullanus sp. specimen in loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea has been reported in the literature so far. In the framework of a bio-monitoring project of the Abruzzo and Molise coasts, a parasitological survey was performed on stranded and by-caught sea turtles, at the Istituto Zooprofilattico of Abruzzo and Molise "G. Caporale." During necropsy, the gastrointestinal system of 72 stranded loggerhead turtles was analyzed for the presence of endoparasites and fecal samples were collected for coprological examination. Adult C. carettae (n = 123) was found in the upper intestine of one loggerhead turtle, associated with chronic lymphoplasmocytic enteritis. Additionally, five stool samples (6.9%) were positive for Cucullanus sp. eggs. Molecular characterization of adult nematodes was carried out to study phylogenetic relationships among the Cucullanus species. To our knowledge, this is the first morphological and molecular identification of C. carettae in loggerhead turtles from the Adriatic Sea. Additional studies on the distribution of this parasite in the Mediterranean are encouraged.


Assuntos
Ascaridoidea/isolamento & purificação , Intestinos/parasitologia , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Ascaridoidea/classificação , Enterite/parasitologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Mar Mediterrâneo , Filogenia , Spirurina/classificação
16.
J Vet Med Sci ; 83(2): 174-179, 2021 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33311004

RESUMO

A survey for nematode infection in German cockroaches captured in restaurants in various areas of Japan as well as the laboratory-bred colony was carried out. The nematodes were then identified morphologically and molecularly. Of the 320 German cockroaches collected at 79 restaurants in 26 prefectures in Japan, 66.6% (213/320) were found to be parasitized by a single species of pinworm in the hindgut. The mean number of pinworms per cockroach was less than 1.6. Of the three laboratory-bred lines of cockroaches examined, 2 lines (NIID and NK) were found to be infected with a single species of nematode. The prevalence was 93.0% (40/43) and 84.8% (39/46), respectively. The other laboratory line (WAT) was found to be free of the nematode infection. The nematode detected in this study was identified as Blatticola blattae. This is the first report of B. blattae infection in German cockroaches in Japan. Our study showed that B. blattae is distributed all over Japan together with its host Blattella germanica. An experimental infection with B. blattae in nematode-free cockroach by contaminating the rearing environment with infected-cockroach feces showed that once the environment of the cockroach is contaminated with B. blattae eggs, the pinworm infection could spread easily.


Assuntos
Baratas/parasitologia , Spirurina/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Alérgenos , Animais , Japão , Laboratórios , Prevalência , Restaurantes , Spirurina/genética , Spirurina/isolamento & purificação
17.
J Vet Med Sci ; 83(2): 226-229, 2021 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33342971

RESUMO

The poultry infections caused by Dispharynx nasuta and Cheilospirura hamulosa nematodes are difficult to be diagnosed by fecal examination because of their egg similarity. In this study, we analyzed DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S region of D. nasuta and C. hamulosa and developed conventional multiplex PCR method using species-specific primers for discriminating between the two species. The method amplified 455-bp and 319-bp fragments specific to D. nasuta and C. hamulosa, respectively, and did not produce them against the other chicken nematode species, Ascaridia galli, Oxyspirura mansoni, Heterakis gallinarum, Heterakis beramporia, and Heterakis indica, suggesting that the multiplex PCR is sensitive and available for species diagnosis.


Assuntos
Galinhas/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/veterinária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Infecções por Spirurida/veterinária , Spirurina/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Aves Domésticas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/diagnóstico , RNA Ribossômico/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterinária , Infecções por Spirurida/diagnóstico , Infecções por Spirurida/parasitologia , Spirurina/classificação
18.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2175-2185, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, ilus
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1142321

RESUMO

O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) e o tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) são mamíferos xenartros amplamente distribuídos no território nacional. Apesar disso, suas populações estão em constante ameaça, principalmente o primeiro, categorizado como vulnerável de acordo com classificação da União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza. Diante disso e da escassez de estudos com endoparasitas nesses animais, objetivou-se descrever a helmintofauna dessas duas espécies de tamanduá, utilizando espécimes atropelados nas rodovias BR-050 e BR-455, região do Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os animais foram submetidos à necropsia, tendo seus órgãos e conteúdo intestinal e estomacal examinados para recuperação de helmintos. Os parasitos coletados foram identificados com base em suas características morfológicas e morfométricas. As espécies/os gêneros caracterizados para M. tridactyla e T. tetradactyla, suas respectivas prevalências, bem como órgãos de origem, foram: Gaphidiops dissimilis (33,33% e 0%) no estômago; Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (25% e 66,66%) no intestino delgado; Physaloptera magnipapilla (50% e 66,6%) no estômago; e Mathevotaenia spp. (25% e 66,66%) no intestino delgado. Physaloptera magnipapilla foi a espécie com os maiores índices de infecção, e novo registro de localização foi registrado para o nematódeo Graphidiops dissimilis. Detectou-se uma provável sobreposição da área de vida dos tamanduás estudados, bem como uma helmintofauna característica da região.(AU)


Myrmecophaga tridactyla, giant anteater and Tamandua tetradactyla, collared anteater are nationally widespread mammals. Despite that, their populations are in danger, especially the first one, categorized as vulnerable according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This study reports the occurrence of helminths in these two anteater species using road killed specimens from BR-050 and BR-455 highways, Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The species were necropsied, and their gastrointestinal organs and contents were opened and examined for parasite recovery. The identification was based on morphological and morphometric features. The species/ genera found for M. tridactyla and T. tetradactyla, their prevalence, as well the organs, were: Gaphidiops dissimilis (33.33% and 0%) in stomach; Gigantorhynchus echinodiscus (25% and 66.66%) in small intestine; Physaloptera magnipapilla (50% and 66.6%) in stomach and Mathevotaenia spp. (25% and 66.66%) in small intestine. Physaloptera magnipapilla was the most common species and a new location was reported for Graphidiops dissimilis. There is a probable overlap in the home range of these animals and a local helminth diversity was described on the study site.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Spirurina , Eutérios/parasitologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Autopsia/veterinária , Brasil
19.
Zootaxa ; 4858(4): zootaxa.4858.4.3, 2020 Oct 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33056212

RESUMO

Sets of small ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and large ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences were obtained for Philometroides moraveci Vismanis Yunchis, 1994, Philometra kotlani (Molnár, 1969), Philometra rischta Skrjabin, 1923, Philometra cf. obturans (Prenant, 1886) (Philometridae), Sinoichthyonema amuri (Garkavi, 1972), Agrachanus scardinii (Molnár, 1966), Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (Dogiel Bychowsky, 1934) and Skrjabillanus tincae Shigin Shigina, 1958 (Skrjabillanidae). Phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA data shows that dracunculoid nematodes are divided into two well-supported clades designated as Clade I and Clade II, respectively. Clade I includes the type species of the genus Philonema Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933, some species from the family Daniconematidae Moravec Køie, 1987 and two subfamilies of skrjabillanids, Skrjabillaninae Shigin Shigina, 1958 and Esocineminae Moravec, 2006. Clade II unites species from the families Dracunculidae Stiles, 1907, Micropleuridae Baylis Daubney, 1926 and Philometridae Baylis Daubney, 1926. Within the Philometridae, there are several well-supported groups of species, one of which unites freshwater Philometra spp. from the Palearctic cyprinids, identified as P. kotlani, P rischta, P. ovata (Zeder, 1803) and P. cyprinirutili (Creplin, 1825). However, the phylogenetic relationships of most philometrids are unresolved. An analysis of partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences indicates that there is no direct phylogenetic relationship between Agrachanus Tikhomirova, 1971 (type species Skrjabillanus scardinii Molnár, 1966) and Skrjabillanus Shigin Shigina, 1958 (type species Sk. tincae), which means that the genus Agrachanus can be resurrected. Our study confirms that Philonematinae Ivashkin, Sobolev Khromova, 1971 should be elevated to the family rank. We formally establish the family Philonematidae Ivashkin, Sobolev Khromova, 1971 stat. nov. We also suggest combining the superfamilies Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907 and Camallanoidea Railliet Henry, 1915 into the infraorder Camallanomorpha Roberts, Janovy Nadler, 2013.


Assuntos
Dracunculoidea , Rabditídios , Spirurina , Animais , Cromadoria , Água Doce , Filogenia
20.
J Parasitol ; 106(5): 679-688, 2020 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33108796

RESUMO

Bess beetles (Passalidae) display important roles in forestall ecosystems, particularly in energy extraction from dead wood. These organisms maintain complex biological interactions with their gut symbiotic communities, including bacteria, protists, and metazoans. Very little is known about symbionts since most of the species of Passalidae haven't been studied from a parasitological point of view. Here we describe a new genus and 2 new species of nematodes of the family Hystrignathidae associated with 2 beetle species of the tribe Proculini collected in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Tuhmai garciaprietoi n. gen., n. sp., found in Vindex agnoscendus is characterized by the presence of an unarmed cervical cuticle, a subcylindrical procorpus and a conspicuous isthmus, a monodelphic-prodelphic reproductive system, and a short subulate tail. Urbanonema osorioi n. sp., found in Verres hageni mainly differs from other species of Urbanonema by the number and disposition of cervical spines, as well as by a subulate tail. For each new taxon, we describe the external and internal morphology, and we generated molecular data (nuclear ribosomal DNA) to place the new taxa in a phylogenetic context.


Assuntos
Besouros/parasitologia , Spirurina/classificação , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Teorema de Bayes , Besouros/microbiologia , DNA de Helmintos/química , México , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Filogenia , Spirurina/anatomia & histologia , Spirurina/genética , Spirurina/ultraestrutura
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