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1.
Front Public Health ; 12: 1280163, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38435294

RESUMO

Background: The relationships between heavy metals and fatty liver, especially the threshold values, have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this research was to further investigate the correlation between blood heavy metal exposures and the risk of Metabolic dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in adults. Methods: Laboratory data on blood metal exposure levels were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for the period 2015 to 2020 for a cross-sectional study in adults. Associations between blood levels of common heavy metals and the risk of MAFLD in adults were analyzed using multifactorial logistic regression and ranked for heavy metal importance using a random forest model. Finally, thresholds for important heavy metals were calculated using piecewise linear regression model. Results: In a multifactorial logistic regression model, we found that elevated levels of selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) blood exposure were strongly associated with the risk of MAFLD in adults. The random forest model importance ranking also found that Se and Mn blood exposure levels were in the top two positions of importance for the risk of disease in adults. The restricted cubic spline suggested a non-linear relationship between Se and Mn blood exposure and adult risk of disease. The OR (95% CI) for MAFLD prevalence was 3.936 (2.631-5.887) for every 1 unit increase in Log Mn until serum Mn levels rose to the turning point (Log Mn = 1.10, Mn = 12.61 µg/L). This correlation was not significant (p > 0.05) after serum Mn levels rose to the turning point. A similar phenomenon was observed for serum Se levels, with a turning point of (Log Se = 2.30, Se = 199.55 µg/L). Conclusion: Blood heavy metals, especially Se and Mn, are significantly associated with MAFLD in adults. They have a non-linear relationship with a clear threshold.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Selênio , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Metais Pesados/efeitos adversos
2.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2761: 135-148, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427235

RESUMO

Pharmaceutical drugs, natural toxins, industrial chemicals, and various environmental toxins negatively impact the nervous system. A significant cause of many neurodegenerative diseases is neurotoxicity. Although trace amounts of heavy metals are required for the proper functioning of several metabolic pathways, their dysregulation can cause many cellular and molecular alterations, which can enhance the risks associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. For example, high levels of heavy metals like manganese (Mn) affect the central nervous system with implications in both higher-order cognitive and motor functions. In addition, the buildup of amyloid aggregates and metal ions in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease is associated with disease pathogenesis. Small molecules capable of targeting neuroinflammation and neuroprotection pathways would be valuable to elucidate the pathological pathways associated with metal toxicity in neurogenerative disease. This chapter will summarize the necessary steps involved in (1) culturing of cell lines and maintenance of animal models, (2) design and preparation of samples of small molecules and treatment methodologies, (3) RNA and protein isolation and preparation of tissue and cell culture samples for quantitative studies, and (4) quantitative estimation of cellular products.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Metais Pesados , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Síndromes Neurotóxicas , Animais , Humanos , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo
3.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0298047, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427672

RESUMO

In this study, we explored the effective capture of both cations and anions onto a single adsorbent. Acrylamide (AAm) served as the polymer backbone, onto which co-monomers sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SS) and N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAA) were grafted, creating ionized polymer hydrogel adsorbents. These adsorbents were engineered for the synergistic separation and recovery of heavy metal cations and anions from concentrated solutions, focusing specifically on industrially significant ions such as Ni2+-, Cu2+, Zn2+ and (Cr2O7)2-. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of the AAm terpolymer hydrogels were investigated across various pH solutions, considering the competition and concentrations of these specific metal ions. Moreover, the study delved into the effects of the internal pH environment within the hydrogel adsorbents, determining its impact on the type of metal adsorbed and the adsorption capacity. Our findings indicated that the adsorption of cations was enhanced with a higher proportion of SS relative to DMAPAA in the hydrogel. In contrast, significant anion capture occurred when the concentration of DMAPAA exceeded that of SS. However, equal ratios of SS and DMAPAA led to a noticeable reduction in the adsorption of both types of substrates, attributed to the counteractive nature of these co-monomers. To enhance the adsorption efficiency, it may be necessary to consider methods for micro-scale separation of the two types of monomers. Additionally, the adsorption capacity was observed to be directly proportional to the swelling capacity of the hydrogels. For complete desorption and separation of the cations and anions from the adsorbent, the application of concentrated NaOH solutions followed by HNO3 was found to be essential. Given the varying concentrations of cation and anion pollutants, often present in heavy metal factory effluents, it is crucial to fine-tune the ratios of DMAPAA and SS during the synthesis process. This adjustment ensures optimized efficiency in the decontamination and recovery of these significant heavy metal ions.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Hidrogéis , Acrilamida , Íons , Cátions , Ânions , Polímeros , Adsorção , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética
4.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5086, 2024 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38429371

RESUMO

This study aimed to assess the value of Pachira aquatica Aubl. fruit peels by exploring their applicability in the biosorption process for the removal of Ni(II) and Cd(II) metal ions. The Pachira aquatica Aubl. fruit peel biochar (PAB) was extensively characterized through various techniques, including proximate analysis, helium pycnometer, XRD, SEM, point of zero charge determination, zeta potential measurement, and Boehm titration. Subsequently, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic batch biosorption studies were conducted, followed by column biosorption tests. The characteristics of PAB, including low moisture content, a neutral point of zero charge, porosity, an irregular and heterogeneous structure, a negatively charged surface, and the presence of functional groups, indicate its remarkable capacity for efficiently binding with heavy metals. Biosorption equilibrium time was achieved at 300 min for both ions, fitting well with a pseudo second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. These data suggest that the biosorption process occurred chemically in monolayer. The column C presented an exhaust volume of 1200 mL for Ni(II) and 1080 for Cd(II) and removal of 98% and 99% of removal for Ni(II) and Cd(II), respectively. In summary, PAB demonstrates substantial potential as a biosorbent for effectively removing heavy metals, making a valuable contribution to the valorization of this co-product and the mitigation of environmental pollution.


Assuntos
Bombacaceae , Carvão Vegetal , Metais Pesados , Cádmio/análise , Níquel , Biomassa , Adsorção , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Metais Pesados/análise , Íons
5.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(4): 351, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462575

RESUMO

The surface sediments from eleven sectors perpendicular to the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast, along the delta region, have been assessed. These sectors cover areas of Eastern Harbour, Abu Qir Bay, Rosetta, Abo Khashaba, Burullus, Baltim, Damietta, and Manzala. The assessment process is based on determining the eight metals' (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd) content, followed by applying different pollution and ecological risk indices such as enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation factor (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), degree of contamination (Cdeg.), Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI), and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI). The results indicate the average concentrations of metals (µg/g) were Fe (18,000), Mn (213), Zn (120), Ni (26), Co (13), Cu (12), Pb (10), and Cd (2). The single-pollution indices reveal that most metals were depleted to metal levels, the sediments were moderately polluted with Cd and unpolluted with other metals, and the CF values confirmed that the sediments were highly polluted with Cd and low contaminated with the rest of the metals. According to the integrated pollution indices, the Eastern Harbour, Damietta, Manzalah, and Bardawil (eastern Inlet) are the most polluted sectors relative to the rest, subjected to various point sources of pollution. Drainage management system is recommended to enhance water conservation and improve fish stocks.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Metais Pesados/análise , Egito , Cádmio , Chumbo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Medição de Risco
6.
Plant Cell Rep ; 43(4): 90, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38466444

RESUMO

KEY MESSAGE: Serendipita indica induced metabolic reprogramming in colonized plants complements phosphorus-management in improving their tolerance to arsenic stress on multifaceted biological fronts. Restoration of the anthropic damage done to our environment is inextricably linked to devising strategies that are not only economically sound but are self-renewing and ecologically conscious. The dilemma of heavy metal (HM) dietary ingestion, especially arsenic (As), faced by humans and animals alike, necessitates the exploitation of such technologies and the cultivation of healthy and abundant crops. The remarkable symbiotic alliance between plants and 'mycorrhizas' has evolved across eons, benefiting growth/yield aspects as well as imparting abiotic/biotic stress tolerance. The intricate interdependence of Serendipita indica (S. indica) and rice plant reportedly reduce As accumulation, accentuating the interest of microbiologists, agriculturists, and ecotoxicological scientists apropos of the remediation mechanisms of As in the soil-AMF-rice system. Nutrient management, particularly of phosphorus (P), is also praised for mitigating As phytotoxicity by deterring the uptake of As molecules due to the rhizospheric cationic competition. Taking into consideration the reasonable prospects of success in minimizing As acquisition by rice plants, this review focuses on the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional alterations underlying S. indica symbiosis, recuperation of As stress together with nutritional management of P by gathering case studies and presenting successful paradigms. Weaving together a volume of literature, we assess the chemical forms of As and related transport pathways, discuss As-P-rice interaction and the significance of fungi in As toxicity mitigation, predominantly the role of mycorrhiza, as well as survey of the multifaceted impacts of S. indica on plants. A potential strategy for simultaneous S. indica + P administration in paddy fields is proposed, followed by future research orientation to expand theoretic comprehension and encourage field-based implementation.


Assuntos
Arsênio , Basidiomycota , Metais Pesados , Micorrizas , Oryza , Humanos , Fósforo/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Micorrizas/metabolismo , Produtos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo
7.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1428-1438, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471858

RESUMO

To understand the water pollution status and environmental risks of Changshou Lake, the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in the water were collected and analyzed during different seasons. The study investigated temporal and spatial variations, distribution characteristics, pollution levels, and health risks associated with heavy metals in Changshou Lake. The results showed that all six heavy metals were below than the Class Ⅰ standard of the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002), but recent years have witnessed an increasing trend, with Cu, As, and Pb showing a significant increase (P<0.05). The temporal and spatial distributions of these heavy metals were different. Temporally, Cr and Cd concentrations in surface water were higher in summer, As and Zn were higher in spring, and Pb and Cu were higher in autumn and winter. Spatially, the concentrations of Cr, As, Cu, Zn, and Pb showed higher concentrations in the southern outlet of the reservoir, the northwestern Longxi River inlet, and the central part of the reservoir, whereas Cd was higher in the northern stagnant area. The overall levels of heavy metals in the water body of Changshou Lake were low, with Cr and Cu slightly polluted, while other heavy metals were identified as having an insignificant pollution level. Drinking water was the primary exposure pathway to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic heavy metals in surface water bodies. The health risk values of Cr and As in water bodies were high, ranging from 6.2×10-10 to 3.0×10-4 and 5.1×10-8 to 3.9×10-5, respectively. The corresponding contribution rates for children and adults to the total health risk were high, with Cr accounting for 87.18% and 87.20%, respectively, while As accounted for 12.73% and 12.71%, respectively. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize environmental risks associated with Cr and Cu, as well as the health risks associated with Cr and As in Changshou Lake These findings provide a scientific foundation for water pollution control and environmental quality improvement in Changshou Lake, and rational development and utilization of water resources.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Lagos/análise , Cádmio , Chumbo , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , China , Sedimentos Geológicos
8.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1361-1370, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471852

RESUMO

Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected in Heze, Shandong Province, from a total of three sampling sites at Heze College, Huarun Pharmacy, and a wastewater treatment plant between October 15, 2017 and January 31, 2018, to determine the concentrations of 21 metal elements in PM2.5 using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The degree of elemental enrichment was also discussed, the health risks and potential heavy metal ecological risks were assessed. The results showed that ρ (PM2.5) ranged from 26.7 to 284.1 µg·m-3 at the three sampling sites during the sampling period, and the concentration values did not differ significantly, all of which were at high pollution levels. The highest concentrations of K were found in the three sampling sites, accounting for 31.03%, 39.47%, and 38.43% of the total, respectively, mainly due to the high contribution of biomass burning in autumn and winter in Heze, a large agricultural city. The highest concentrations of Zn, 89.70, 84.21, and 67.68 ng·m-3, were found in the trace elements at the three sampling sites, respectively. The enrichment factor results showed that the enrichment factor values of Zn, Pb, Sn, Sb, Cd, and Se were higher than 100, among which the enrichment factors of Cd and Se were higher than 2 000 and 4 000, respectively, which were significantly influenced by anthropogenic activities and might have been related to industrial production, metal smelting, road sources, and coal combustion emissions. The health risk results showed that there was some potential non-carcinogenic risk (HQ>0.1 for children and adults) for As and a combined potential non-carcinogenic risk (HI>0.1) and some potential carcinogenic risk (CRT>1×10-6) for both children and adults at the three sampling sites. There was a more significant carcinogenic risk (CRT>1×10-4) for adults at the wastewater treatment plant, and the slightly higher carcinogenic risk for adults than that for children may have been related to the longer outdoor activity and higher PM2.5 exposure for adults. The elements with the highest potential ecological risk values were Cd, As, and Pb, with Cd exhibiting a very high potential ecological risk that should be taken seriously. All three sampling sites showed a very high combined potential ecological risk, with the intensity spatially expressed as Heze College>Huarun Pharmacy>wastewater treatment plant.


Assuntos
Cádmio , Metais Pesados , Criança , Adulto , Humanos , Cádmio/análise , Chumbo/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Carcinógenos/análise , Medição de Risco , Material Particulado/análise , China , Poeira/análise
9.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1724-1738, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471884

RESUMO

Assessments of the soil environmental quality of farmland and pollution source apportionment are the foundation for ensuring national food security and agricultural sustainable development, as well as an important prerequisite for the pursuit to keep our lands clean. This study evaluated the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2023, based on the data of heavy metal contents including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, using the geo-accumulation index method. Source apportionment was conducted by employing a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The probabilistic health risks were evaluated by coupling Monte Carlo simulation with a human health risk assessment model, and priority pollution sources and elements were identified. The results showed that:① the average content of all heavy metals in farmland soils within the study area was lower than the screening values specified in the soil environment quality risk control standard for soil contamination of agriculture land (GB 15618-2018) (pH>7.5). However, the contents of Cd, As, and Zn in the samples exceeded their screening values, with percentages of 21.69%, 5.56%, and 1.23%, respectively, with Cd having the highest rate of exceedance. ② Hg and Cd were moderately polluted, Cu and Pb were slightly polluted, and the other elements were not polluted. ③ The main sources of heavy metals in farmland soil were traffic-industrial sources, natural-agricultural sources, industrial-natural sources, and agricultural-industrial sources, with contribution rates of 37.04%, 26.69%, 21.72%, and 14.55%, respectively. ④ Heavy metals in farmland soil posed carcinogenic health risks to adults and children but did not have non-carcinogenic risks; As and Cd were priority control elements for human health risks, and industrial-natural sources and agricultural-industrial sources were priority control sources in the study area.


Assuntos
Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Solo , Fazendas , Rios , Cádmio , Chumbo , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Medição de Risco , China
10.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1803-1811, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471891

RESUMO

To investigate the effect of chelating agents on plant uptake of heavy metals, castor (Ricinus communis L.) was used as the test plant. Soil culture and pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) on the forms of Cu and Cd in soil and their absorption and transport by castor. The results showed that the application of EDDS significantly increased the content of available Cu and Cd. After 15 days of cultivation, the available Cu and Cd concentrations in the soil increased by 43.01%-103.55% and 51.78%-69.43%, respectively. EDDS promoted the conversion of reducible Cu to weak acid extractable and increased the mobility of Cu. Meanwhile, the application of EDDS promoted the absorption, transport, and enrichment of Cu in castor. Under the application of 2.5 mmol·kg-1 EDDS and 5.0 mmol·kg-1 EDDS, the Cu concentrations in the shoots were 4.88 times and 16.65 times higher than that of the control (P< 0.05), and the Cu concentrations in the roots were 2.89 times and 3.60 times higher than that of the control (P< 0.05), respectively. The Cu transport coefficient significantly increased by 72.73% and 381.82% when treated with EDDS 2.5 and EDDS 5.0. Simultaneously, the phytoextraction of Cu in shoots, roots, and their sum were 14.08, 2.16, and 4.70 times higher than that of the control (P<0.05), respectively, when treated with EDDS 5.0. Furthermore, EDDS significantly increased the Cd concentrations in castor. When treated with EDDS 2.5 the shoots and roots increased by 15.15% and 57.42%, respectively, and the phytoextraction of total Cd significantly increased by 13.44%. Generally, the EDDS treatment could increase the available Cu and Cd in soil, promote the uptake of Cu and Cd, and improve the phytoremediation efficiency of castor. Among them, the addition of 5.0 mmol·kg-1 EDDS had the best effect for Cu, whereas the addition of 2.5 mmol kg-1 EDDS had a higher increase in the phytoextraction of Cd.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Cádmio/análise , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Etilenodiaminas , Quelantes/farmacologia , Biodegradação Ambiental , Succinatos/farmacologia
11.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(3): 1812-1820, 2024 Mar 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471892

RESUMO

Heavy metal contamination of soil has become a hot issue of social concern due to its impact on the safety of agricultural products in recent years. Wheat is one of the most dominant staple food crops worldwide and has become a major source of toxic metals in human diets. Foliar application was considered to be a more efficient and economical method of heavy metal remediation. Field experiments were carried out in Cd-, As-, and Pb-contaminated farmland soils. The effects of foliar conditioners on the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains were investigated after being sprayed with Zn (0.2% ZnSO4), Mg (0.4% MgSO4), and Mn (0.2% MnSO4) separately and in combination. Thus, the effective foliar conditioners were selected to block the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains grown in combined heavy metal-contaminated farmland in north China. The results showed that, compared with that in the control, the Cd, As, and Pb contents in wheat grains of the Zn+Mg+Mn foliar treatment were significantly decreased by 18.96%, 23.87%, and 51.31%, respectively, and TFgrain/straw decreased by 14.62%, 27.73%, and 47.70%, respectively. Thus, spraying the compound foliar conditioner of Zn+Mg+Mn could effectively reduce heavy metal accumulation in wheat grains through inhibition translocation of those metals from stem leaves to grain. In addition, the results indicated that Cd and As were mainly distributed at the central endosperm (34.08%-37.08%), whereas Pb was primarily distributed at the pericarp and seed coat (27.78%) of the wheat grain. Compared with that in the control, spraying the compound foliar conditioner of Zn+Mg+Mn extremely decreased Cd and As accumulation in the aleurone layer of the wheat grain by 81.10% and 82.24%, respectively. Except for the pericarp, seed coat, and central endosperm layers, the Pb content in each grain layer was dramatically decreased by 42.85% to 91.15%. There was only a significant negative correlation between heavy metal content and Zn content in the aleurone layer (P2) of wheat flour. In summary, the accumulation of Cd, As, and Pb in wheat grains, especially in the aleurone layer, could be effectively reduced by foliar conditioner application at the jointing, booting, and early filling stages of wheat, separately. Furthermore, besides the foliar treatment, removing wheat bran to reduce Cd contamination in wheat grains is highly recommended to ensure the safe production of wheat.


Assuntos
Arsênio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Humanos , Cádmio/análise , Zinco , Chumbo , Fazendas , Farinha , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Triticum , Solo , Grão Comestível/química
12.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1026-1037, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471940

RESUMO

Quantifying the risk of soil heavy metal sources can identify the main pollution sources. It can provide a scientific basis for reducing the ecological and human health risks of soil heavy metals. Taking the shallow soil in a Pb-Zn mine watershed in northern Guangxi as a research object, ecological and human health risk assessments were conducted using potential ecological risk assessment (RI) and human health risk assessment (HRA), and the source apportionment of soil heavy metals was completed using the absolute principal component-multiple linear regression receptor (APCS-MLR) model and random forest (RF) model. Then, a combined risk assessment model, consisting of RI, HRA, and APCS-MLR, was used to quantify the risk of soil heavy metal sources. The results showed that the contents of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd exceeded the environmental screening values for agricultural land with mean values of 342.77, 693.34, 61.27, and 3.08 mg·kg-1, respectively, and there was a certain degree of contamination. Pb, Cr, and As were the main health risk impact factors, with higher health risks for children than for adults. Three sources were identified: mining activities (Source Ⅰ), soil parent material sources and original formation (Source Ⅱ), and unknown sources. Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were mainly derived from Source Ⅰ, and Cr and As were controlled by unknown sources and Source Ⅱ. The source risk assessment results of soil heavy metals indicated that the potential ecological risk and non-carcinogenic risk were mainly from Source Ⅰ and Source Ⅱ, and carcinogenic risk was mainly from unknown sources. The unknown sources had a high proportion in source apportionment and risk assessment, and should be further researched to provide scientific basis for soil heavy metal control. The combined risk assessment model based on source analysis, focusing on the risk characteristics of different sources, can accurately identify high-risk pollution sources. It is a more reasonable and reliable risk assessment method.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Solo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Cádmio , Chumbo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , China , Medição de Risco , Metais Pesados/análise
13.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1049-1057, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471942

RESUMO

Risk assessment is a critical part of risk management for contaminated sites. However, in the specific management practice of As-contaminated sites, it is difficult to obtain realistic health risks for contaminated sites based on the total amount of pollutants and determined values of the model, thus preventing the control requirements of later remediation to be met. An increasing number of studies have recently been conducting risk assessments by considering bioavailability, modification parameters, and combined probabilistic models. To improve the accuracy of risk assessment results, taking a large As-contaminated site as a case, 432 sampling sites were set up and collected at different depths to analyze the level and distribution characteristics of As pollution, and probabilistic risk assessment was conducted with the modification of model parameters through literature research and Monte Carlo simulation. Then, the impact of traditional methods and probabilistic methods on health risk assessment was explored in comparison. The results indicated that ω(As) in the top soil of the study area ranged from 2.70-97.0 mg·kg-1, with a spatial variation coefficient of 0.61 and weaker spatial continuity. The carcinogenic risk and hazard index obtained by the traditional risk assessment method were 2.12E-4 and 8.36, respectively, which obviously overestimated the actual risk level and were not conductive to the refined management of As-contaminated sites. Combined with modification of model parameters and probabilistic risk assessment, the non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children was found to be at an acceptable level, and the carcinogenic risk was reduced by nearly an order of magnitude compared to that in the conventional method. Considering the relative biological effectiveness (RBA) of As, the 95% quantile of the total carcinogenic risk was 1.24E-5, a reduction of up to 36.41% compared to the uncorrected corresponding risk value of 1.95E-5. The carcinogenic risk of soil As for adults and children in the study area exceeded acceptable risk levels 1E-6, with oral ingestion of soil being the primary route of exposure. In addition, the results of the sensitivity analysis of the parameters showed that As concentration, daily oral ingestion rate of soils, and exposure duration of children had relatively larger effects for health risks. This work will provide a methodological and theoretical basis for achieving accurate risk assessment of As-contaminated sites and provide concepts for refined risk management.


Assuntos
Arsênio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Arsênio/análise , Método de Monte Carlo , Medição de Risco/métodos , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Solo , Carcinógenos/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , China , Metais Pesados/análise
14.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1090-1097, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471946

RESUMO

A farmland area in Zhaotong City was taken as the research object, and the method of point-to-point collaborative sampling was used to collect farmland soil and vegetables in Zhaotong and test the content of six heavy metals, namely As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Cr. The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of soil. The health risk model was used to evaluate the risk to the human body imposed by vegetables. The results showed that Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr pollution existed in the research area. Compared with the risk screening value of farmland, the over-standard rates were 34.35%, 6.87%, 2.29%, 80.15%, and 6.11%, respectively; Pb, Cd, and Cr were found in vegetables. Compared with the pollutant limit in food, the over-standard rates were 6.87%, 15.27%, and 36.64%, respectively. According to the soil pollution evaluation, Cd in the soil showed a strong ecological risk, and other heavy metals in the soil showed a mild ecological risk. The human health risk evaluation model showed that both non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk were out of the acceptable range and had a greater influence on children. Correlation analysis showed that As in the soil had an antagonistic effect on Cu and Zn absorption by vegetables, whereas Cr in the soil could promote Cu and Zn absorption by vegetables.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Criança , Humanos , Solo , Fazendas , Verduras , Cádmio , Chumbo , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluição Ambiental , Medição de Risco , China
15.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 45(2): 1173-1184, 2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38471954

RESUMO

The effect of microplastics on the ecological environment and human health has become a topical issue, and research on the risks and harmful effects of MPs on human health in particular has attracted widespread attention. Due to the characteristics of small size, low degradability, and easy migration, MPs continuously migrate from the environment to the human body, and their main exposure pathways are oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact, with the main exposure media being food, drinking water, dust, personal care products, etc. MPs have been detected in organs, fluids, and excreta of digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, reproductive systems, etc. The abundance range of MPs in the human body is 0-1 206.94 particles per gram. After entering the human body, MPs can cause cytotoxicity, mitochondrial toxicity, DNA damage, cell membrane damage, and other effects on human cells and organs, leading to serious consequences such as local inflammation, ecological imbalance, metabolic disorders, etc., in various systems. Owing to their small specific surface area, they can also adsorb pollutants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotics, pathogens, and harmful microorganisms, causing combined toxicity and immunotoxicity. In the end, we highlighted general deficiencies in existing studies and provided directions for future research on the influence of MPs on human health.


Assuntos
Poluentes Ambientais , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Humanos , Microplásticos , Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise
16.
Mol Genet Genomics ; 299(1): 28, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472470

RESUMO

Edaphic conditions of serpentine soils, naturally rich in heavy metals, act as a strong selection pressure that shapes specific metal-tolerant ecotypes. Medicago lupulina L. (black medick) is not only a widespread plant species that prefers calcareous and dry soil types but also grows at the borders of serpentine formations. It can also be found in waste and disturbed habitats. This is a species with reported phytoremediation potential, however, there is no published data regarding the impact of the environment on the genetic distribution of this species. The aim of our research was to explore how selection pressure of serpentine soils affects genetic diversity of M. lupulina and to test heavy-metal accumulation capacity of this species. Specimens of 11 M. lupulina populations were collected from serpentine outcrops located in Central and Eastern Bosnia as well as from non-serpentine sites. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for the total contents of heavy metals using air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Genetic diversity was analyzed using AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. Serpentine soils showed high nickel, cobalt, chromium and iron concentrations. Nickel and manganese concentrations in soil samples and plant material showed statistically significant correlation. Although plants in two populations show the ability to extract Ni, M. lupulina does not show hyperaccumulating properties. Despite severe selective pressure, genetic diversity in serpentine populations is not reduced. Analyses of intrapopulation and interpopulation genetic diversity showed significant genetic differentiation among populations which is not related to their geographic distance. Population from non-metalliferous soil showed clear separation from all other populations. Diversity data suggest that serpentine populations maintain genetic diversity by undetected mechanisms and that edaphic factors rather than geography influence genetic structure analyzed M. lupulina populations.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Níquel , Níquel/análise , Análise do Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados , Medicago , Metais Pesados/análise , Plantas , Variação Genética , Solo/química
17.
Environ Monit Assess ; 196(4): 361, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472544

RESUMO

In this study, we collected 56 species of fishery organisms (including fish, crustaceans, cephalopods, gastropods, and bivalves) from four seasonal survey cruises at the Dachen fishery grounds. We measured the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, As, and Hg) in these fisheries organisms. We determined their trophic levels using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope techniques. We analyzed the characteristics of heavy metal transfer in the food chain. The results showed significant differences in heavy metal concentrations among different species. Among all biological groups, bivalves and gastropods exhibited higher levels of heavy metal enrichment than other biological groups, while fish had the lowest levels of heavy metal enrichment. Heavy metals exhibited different patterns of nutritional transfer in the food chain. While Hg showed a biomagnification phenomenon in the food chain, it was not significant. Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and As exhibited a trend of biodilution with increasing nutritional levels, except for As, which showed no significant correlation with δ15N.


Assuntos
Gastrópodes , Mercúrio , Metais Pesados , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Cádmio , Caça , Chumbo , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Cadeia Alimentar , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , China , Músculos/química
18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 5985, 2024 03 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38472316

RESUMO

The land application of sewage sludge can cause different environmental problems due to the high content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The objective of this study was to compare the effect of urban biological sewage sludge (i.e. the waste of activated sludge process) and its derived biochar as the soil amendments on the bioavailability of PTEs and their bioaccumulation by corn (Zea mays L.) under two months of greenhouse conditions. The soil was treated by adding biochar samples at 0 (control), 1, 3, 5% w/w. The diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable concentrations of PTEs including Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Cu in soil and their accumulation by plant shoot and root were measured. Conversion of the biological sewage sludge into the biochar led to decrease the PTEs bioavailability and consequently decreased their contents in plant tissues. The DTPA extractable metal concentrations of produced biochar in comparison to the biological sewage sludge reduced 75% (Cd), 65% (Cr), 79% (Ni and Pb), 76% (Zn), 91% (Cu) and 88% (Fe). Therefore, the content of Ni, Fe, Zn and Cd in corn shoot was decreased 61, 32, 18 and 17% respectively in application of 5% biochar than of raw sewage sludge. Furthermore, the application of 5% biochar enhanced the physiological parameters of the plants including shoot dry weight (twice) and wet weight (2.25 times), stem diameter (1.70 times), chlorophyll content (1.03 times) in comparison to using 5% raw sewage sludge. The results of the study highlight that application of the biochar derived from urban biological sewage sludge in soil could decrease the risk of PTEs to the plant.


Assuntos
Carvão Vegetal , Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Metais Pesados/análise , Esgotos , Zea mays , Cádmio , Chumbo , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Ácido Pentético
19.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(4): 113, 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478134

RESUMO

The closure or relocation of many industrial enterprises has resulted in a significant number of abandoned polluted sites enriched in heavy metals to various degrees, causing a slew of environmental problems. Therefore, it is essential to conduct research on heavy metal contamination in the soil of industrial abandoned sites. In this study, soils at different depths were collected in a smelting site located in Hunan Province, China, to understand the Cr distribution, speciation and possible risks. The results revealed that the high-content Cr and Cr(VI) contamination centers were mainly concentrated near S1 (Sample site 1) and S5. The longitudinal migration law of chromium was relatively complex, not showing a simply uniform trend of decreasing gradually with depth but presenting a certain volatility. The vertical distribution characteristics of chromium and Cr(VI) pollution suggest the need for attention to the pollution from chromium slag in groundwater and deep soil layers. The results of different speciation of Cr extracted by the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method showed that Cr existed primarily in the residual state (F4), with a relatively low content in the weak acid extraction state (F1). The correlation analysis indicated that Cr was affected by total Cr, pH, organic matter and total carbon during the longitudinal migration process. The RSP results revealed that the smelting site as a whole had a moderate level of pollution. Soil at depths of 2-5 m was more polluted than other soil layers. Consequently, it is necessary to treat the site soil as a whole, especially the subsoil layer (2-5 m). Health risk assessment demonstrated that the soil chromium pollution was hazardous to both adults and children, and the probability of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was relatively high in the latter group. As a result, children should be a group of special concern regarding the assessment and remediation of soil contaminated with Cr. This study can provide some insight into the contamination characteristics, ecological and health risks of chromium in contaminated soils and offer a scientific basis for the prevention and control of chromium pollution at abandoned smelting sites.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Cromo/toxicidade , Cromo/análise , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/análise , China , Medição de Risco , Fracionamento Químico , Monitoramento Ambiental
20.
Environ Geochem Health ; 46(4): 118, 2024 Mar 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478162

RESUMO

Can nano-zero-valent iron, synthesized using oak leaf extract, be the key solution for water preservation, efficiently removing heavy metal ions and phosphate anions simultaneously? This research unveils how this technology not only promises high efficiency in the remediation of water resources, but also sets new standards for environmentally friendly processes. The high antioxidant capacity and high phenol content indicate suggest the possibility of oak-nZVI synthesis using oak leaf extract as a stable material with minimal agglomeration. The simultaneous removal of Cd and phosphates, as well as and Ni and phosphates was optimized by a statistically designed experiment with a definitive screening design approach. By defining the key factors with the most significant impact, a more efficient and faster method is achieved, improving the economic sustainability of the research by minimizing the number of experiments while maximizing precision. In terms of significance, four input parameters affecting process productivity were monitored: initial metal concentration (1-9 mg L-1), initial ion concentration (1-9 mg L-1), pH value (2-10), and oak-nZVI dosage (2-16 mL). The process optimization resulted in the highest simultaneous removal efficiency of 98.99 and 87.30% for cadmium and phosphate ions, respectively. The highest efficiency for the simultaneous removal of nickel and phosphate ions was 93.44 and 96.75%, respectively. The optimization process fits within the confidence intervals, which confirms the assumption that the selected regression model well describes the process. In the context of e of the challenges and problems of environmental protection, this work has shown considerable potential and successful application for the simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and Ni(II) in the presence of phosphates from water.


Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Nanopartículas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Cádmio , Água , Fosfatos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Metais Pesados/química , Nanopartículas/química , Íons , Extratos Vegetais , Adsorção
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