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1.
Fisioterapia (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(2): 83-89, mar.-abr2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231439

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: A nivel mundial la pandemia por el COVID-19 ha interrumpido el aprendizaje de más de mil millones de estudiantes, quienes reportan alteraciones en la salud mental, niveles altos de estrés académico y carga de trabajo. En la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 331 estudiantes dejaron de asistir a clases presenciales indispensables para su formación académica y, tras un año de confinamiento, se desconoce el impacto psicológico y académico en esta población. El objetivo fue evaluar la salud mental, carga de trabajo y estrés académico de los estudiantes e identificar la asociación entre variables. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud Emocional por la Pandemia de COVID-19 - Fisioterapia, la escala de carga de trabajo UNIPSICO Battery y el Cuestionario de estrés estudiantil COVID-19. Se incluyeron los alumnos inscritos entre el primer y cuarto año de la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México mayores de 18 años que contestaron la encuesta vía online y otorgaron su consentimiento informado. Resultados: El 62,7% de los estudiantes reportaron ansiedad, el 61,8% reportaron depresión, el 51,0% indicaron una percepción moderada del estrés académico y el 42,2% percibieron una carga de trabajo alta. La ansiedad y depresión tuvieron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el estrés académico y carga de trabajo (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio evidencia los efectos psicológicos y académicos derivados de la pandemia del COVID-19 en estudiantes de fisioterapia, que amerita medidas de intervención fisioterapéuticas y académicas que mitiguen los efectos del confinamiento.(AU)


Background and objective: Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the learning of over a billion students, who report mental health disorders, high levels of academic stress, and workload. In the bachelor's degree in physical therapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, 331 students stopped attending essential face-to-face classes for their academic training, and after a year of confinement, the psychological and academic impact on this population is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the mental health, workload, and academic stress of students in the bachelor's degree and identify the association between variables. Materials and methods: The Emotional Health Questionnaire for the COVID-19 pandemic – physical therapy was applied, including the UNIPSICO battery workload scale and the COVID-19 student stress questionnaire. Students enrolled between the first and fourth year of the Bachelor's degree in Physical Therapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico over 18 years old who completed the survey online and provided informed consent were included. Results: 62.7% of students reported anxiety, 61.8% reported depression, 51.0% indicated a moderate perception of academic stress, and 42.2% perceived a high workload. Anxiety and depression had a statistically significant association with academic stress and workload (P<.05). Conclusions: The study demonstrates the psychological and academic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical therapy students, which warrants physiotherapeutic and academic intervention measures to mitigate the effects of confinement.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , /psicologia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/educação , Estresse Psicológico , Carga de Trabalho , Ansiedade , Depressão , México/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde Mental , Estudantes/psicologia , Saúde do Estudante
2.
Rev. esp. sanid. penit ; 26(1): 25-34, Ene-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231144

RESUMO

Introducción: En el entorno penitenciario, hay una elevada incidencia de conductas autolesivas, con una tasa de suicidio superior a la existente en la población general. Estudios previos describen la asociación de factores sociodemográficos, clínicos y criminológicos, con el riesgo de suicidio en la población penitenciaria masculina, pero hay pocas investigaciones centradas en el análisis de la conducta suicida entre mujeres. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las características de las internas que ingresan en una unidad psiquiátrica por presentar ideas de suicidio o haber realizado tentativas.Material y método: Análisis descriptivo y comparativo de 97 internos (68 hombres, 29 mujeres) ingresados en la Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica de la Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), por ideas de suicidio, entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 31 de diciembre de 2022. Resultados: Se encuentran diferencias respecto al lugar de nacimiento, con mayor presencia de nacionalidades africanas en varones no nacionales, mientras que las internas extranjeras suelen ser originarias de países latinoamericanos. Los hombres tienen menor edad media, con ingresos más prolongados y una mayor tasa de reingreso. También padecen más trastornos psicóticos y adictivos. Las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia de trastornos de personalidad y cuadros afectivos. Conclusiones: Hay diferencias sociodemográficas y clínicas entre hombres y mujeres internos en prisión que requieren ingreso por ideación suicida. Incluir la perspectiva de género en los estudios sobre el riesgo suicida en la población penitenciaria puede proporcionar una base sólida para futuros estudios, permitiendo así una comprensión más completa de la ideación suicida y las necesidades de intervención en la población penitenciaria.(AU)


Introduction: There is a high incidence of self-harming behavior in the prison setting, with a suicide rate that is higher than that of the general population. Previous studies describe the association of sociodemographic, clinical, and criminological factors with the risk of suicide in the male prison population, but there is little research that specifically analyses suicidal behavior among women. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of inmates who are admitted to a psychiatric unit for suicidal thoughts or attempted suicide. Material and method: Descriptive and comparative analysis of 97 inmates (68 men, 29 women) admitted to the Unidad de Hospitalización Psiquiátrica Penitenciaria de Cataluña (UHPP-C), for suicidal ideation, between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Results: There are differences in terms of place of birth, with a more significant presence of African nationalities in non-national males, while foreign inmates tend to come from Latin American countries. Men have a lower mean age, longer admissions, and a higher readmission rate. They also suffer from more psychotic and addictive disorders. Women have a higher prevalence of personality disorders and affective symptoms. Conclusions: There are sociodemographic and clinical differences between male and female prison inmates who require admission for suicidal ideation. Including a gender perspective in studies on suicide risk in the prison population can provide a solid foundation for future studies, thus allowing a more complete understanding of suicidal ideation and intervention needs in theprison population.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Perspectiva de Gênero , Comportamento Autodestrutivo , Suicídio , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio , Prisões , Espanha , Psiquiatria , Saúde Mental , Epidemiologia Descritiva
3.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 12-19, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229022

RESUMO

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha llevado a los países a adoptar severas y prolongadas medidas que —junto con el alto número de contagios y muertes y la continua información negativa— ha afectado la salud mental de las personas. Este estudio analiza el impacto de la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19 en España explorando el rol moderador de la eficacia percibida de las medidas de contención en la relación que establece la percepción del riesgo del COVID-19 con el estrés y la depresión. Un total de 478 adultos residentes en España (un 66.9% mujeres; Medad = 36.30, DT = 15.32) completaron un cuestionario con escalas concebidas para medir el riesgo percibido del COVID-19, la eficacia percibida de las medidas de protección, el estrés y la depresión entre el 16 de mayo y el 6 de junio de 2021. Los resultados confirmaron el rol moderador de la eficacia percibida, la cual actuó como un factor protector del estrés y la depresión al disminuir el impacto negativo que la percepción de riesgo del COVID-19 tiene en ambas variables relacionadas con el distrés mental. La percepción que tienen los individuos sobre la efectividad de las medidas de protección parece ser un factor protector relevante en relación con la salud mental durante una pandemia. Se subraya la relevancia de intervenciones psicológicas y de políticas gubernamentales que mejoren la comunicación positiva del riesgo y la información adecuada sobre la eficacia de las medidas de protección.(AU)


The pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 led countries to adopt harsh and prolonged (over time) measures that—along with the high number of infections and deaths and continuous negative information—have affected the mental health of individuals. In this study, the impact on mental health of the COVID-19 health crisis in Spain was explored through the perceived efficacy of pandemic containment measures as a moderator of the relationship that COVID-19 perceived risk establishes with stress and depression. A questionnaire composed of scales conceived to measure COVID-19 perceived risk, perceived efficacy of COVID-19 prevention measures, stress, and depression was completed by 478 adults living in Spain (66.9% females, Mage= 36.30, SD= 15.32) between May 16, 2021, and June 6, 2021. The results confirmed the moderating role of per-ceived efficacy. Perceived efficacy acted as a protective factor for stress and depression by decreasing the negative impact that perceived risk had on both variables related to mentaldistress. Also, the perception that par-ticipants had about the effectiveness of prevention measures appeared to be a relevant protective factor regarding mental health during the pandem-ic. This study highlights the relevance of psychological interventions and government policies that improve positive risk communication and pro-vide adequate information regarding the effectiveness of health-prevention measures.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , /prevenção & controle , Saúde Mental , Estresse Psicológico , Depressão , Medidas de Segurança , /psicologia , Espanha , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 20-30, Ene-Abri, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229023

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivos: Aunque se consideraba que los jóvenes estaban menos expuestos a contraer una forma severa de la infección, los efectos que ellos más resintieron fueron los psicosociales. El presente artículo se propone comprobar el papel mediador de los afectos negativos y de las estrategias evasivas, primero en la relación entre el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 y el estrés percibido, y luego entre la amenaza percibida y el estrés. Diseño: Se utilizó un diseño transversal. Métodos: Se empleó una muestra de 669 estudiantes de grado (18 - 28 años) durante la cuarta oleada de coronavirus, cuando la variante delta era la dominante. Resultados: Se observaron asociaciones positivas entre el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 y el estrés percibido (r = .485; p<.001), por un lado, y entre la amenaza percibida y el estrés (r = .283; p< .001), por otro lado. Los datos estadísticos demuestran que los afectos negativos y las estrategias evasivas actúan como mediadores seriales (efecto indirecto = .3349, 95% CI, [.2858; .3852] / (efecto indirecto = .2072, 95% CI, [.1515; .2624]). Consecuentemente, el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 (β = .137; 95% CI [.0019; .0045]) y la amenaza percibida (β = .069; 95% CI [.0007; .0046]) aumentan el estrés no sólo de manera directa, sino también indirecta, intensificando los afectos negativos. Esto genera una propensión hacia el uso específico de estrategias evasivas de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: El estudio subraya algunos mecanismos explicativos en cuanto a las relaciones entre variables que afectan la salud mental durante la pandemia COVID-19.(AU)


Background and objectives:Although young adults were considered to face a lower risk of severe coronavirus infection, they were at higher risk for adverse psychosocial effects. The aim of this study was to test the me-diating roles of negative affect and avoidant coping, firstly in the relation-ship between COVID-19 impact and perceived stress, and then in the rela-tionship between perceived coronavirus threat and perceived stress. Design:Cross-sectional design. Methods: We conducted the study on a sample of 669 university students (aged between 18-28), during the critical fourth wave, when the delta variant was the dominant strain. Results: The results indicate significant positive associations between the impact of COVID-19 and perceived stress (r = .485; p<.001), and between perceived corona-virus threat and perceived stress (r= .283; p<.001). Our findings demon-strate that negative affect and avoidant coping serially mediate these rela-tionships (total indirect effect = .3349, 95% CI, [.2858; .3852] / (total indi-rect effect = .2072, 95% CI, [.1515; .2624]). Thus, the impact of COVID-19 (β= .137; 95% CI [.0019; .0045]) and perceived coronavirus threat (β= .069; 95% CI [.0007; .0046]) induce an increase in stress not only directly, but also indirectly, through amplified negative affect, which in turn in-creases the specific-oriented use of avoidant coping strategies. Conclusions:Our results highlighted some new explanatory relationships between varia-bles that affect mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Estresse Psicológico , /psicologia , Impacto Psicossocial , Saúde Mental , Saúde do Estudante , Romênia , Psicologia , Psicologia Social , /epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais
5.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 31-37, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229024

RESUMO

Background/Objective: The Dark Future Scale (DFS) is a self-report instrument which assesses the tendency to think about the future with anxiety, fear, and uncertainty. Although it has been applied in different populations, instrumental studies are scarce, and there is no validated Spanish version. The aim was therefore to develop a Spanish version of the scale (DFS-S) and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults. Method: Participants were 1,019 individuals aged from 18 to 24 years. They completed the DFS-S and the IPIP-BFM-20. Validity evidence based on the internal structure, including measurement invariance across gender, as well as on relationships with personality traits was obtained. Reliability and gender differences in DFS-S scores were also examined. Results: Results supported a single-factor structure, χ2(5) = 10.79, CFI = .999, RMSEA = .034, SRMR = .016, that was invariant across gender. Reliability of test scores was satisfactory (ω = .92). In the correlation analysis, future anxiety showed a strong positive correlation with neuroticism (.42) and a moderate negative correlation with extraversion (-.25). Females scored higher than males on future anxiety. Conclusions: The DFS-S has satisfactory psychometric properties and it is an adequate tool for measuring future anxiety among young adults.(AU)


Antecedentes/Objetivo: La Dark Future Scale (DFS) evalúa la ten-dencia a pensar en el futuro con ansiedad, miedo e incertidumbre. Aunque ha sido usadaen diferentes poblaciones, los estudios instrumentales son es-casos y no hay una versión adaptada al español. El objetivo del estudio fue adaptarla al español (DFS-S) y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adultos jóvenes. Método:Participaron 1.019 jóvenes entre 18 y 24 años. Completaron la DFS-S y el IPIP-BFM-20. Se analizan evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna, incluyendo la invarianza de me-dida según el género, y basadas en las relaciones con rasgos de personali-dad, así como análisis de la fiabilidad y de las diferencias de género. Resulta-dos:Los resultados apoyaron una estructura de un solo factor, χ2(5) = 10.79, CFI = .999, RMSEA = .034, SRMR = .016, con invarianza respecto al gé-nero, y con coeficiente de fiabilidad satisfactorio (ω= .92). Se encontró co-rrelación positiva fuerte entre ansiedad futura y neuroticismo (.42) y una correlación negativa moderada con extraversión (-.25). Las puntuaciones en ansiedad futura fueron mayores en las mujeres. Conclusiones:Los resultados muestran propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias delaDFS-S, siendo un instrumento adecuado para medir la ansiedad futura en adultos jóvenes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Escala de Ansiedade Frente a Teste , Psicometria , Incerteza , Medo , Espanha , Saúde Mental , Ansiedade , Psicologia , Psicologia Social
6.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 69-75, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229028

RESUMO

Para frenar la propagación del COVID-19, el gobierno español aplicó medidas restrictivas, como el cierre escolar. Aunque los efectos de la pandemia en el bienestar emocional de los niños han sido estudiados, faltan estudios que examinen la adaptación escolar tras la pandemia y el papel que la infección ha tenido en el proceso de adaptación. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre los eventos estresantes relacionados con la escuela y la adaptación escolar después del confinamiento, incluyendo la ansiedad como mediadora. Los participantes fueron 219 padres de niños y adolescentes españoles de entre 3 y 18 años que completaron encuestas sobre la ansiedad de sus hijos (Spanish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale), los eventos estresantes vividos relacionados con la escuela (Stressful Eventos relacionados con el Inventario de Pandemia), y la adaptación escolar (Escala de Ajuste de los Niños después del Cierre Escolar de la Pandemia). Los resultados mostraron mayor prevalencia en el evento estresante distancia social (87%). Tener COVID-19 y sufrir acoso escolar se relacionó directamente con una mayor ansiedad. Los niños que disminuyeron el contacto social y sufrieron acoso escolar mostraron peor adaptación escolar, siendo la ansiedad un mediador indirecto. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de supervisar la adaptación escolar y promover estrategias para prevenir problemas emocionales en jóvenes expuestos a situaciones estresantes.(AU)


Aiming to mitigate the COVID-19 spread, the government of Spain applied restrictive measures, like schools’ closure. Although the ef-fects of the pandemic on children's emotional well-being have been stud-ied, there is a lack of studies examining school adjustment following the pandemic and the role that the infection has played in the adjustment pro-cess. The objective is to analyze the relationship between stressful events related to school experienced by children and their adjustment to school after the home confinement, including anxiety as a mediator variable. Par-ticipants were the parentsof 219 Spanish children and adolescents aged 3 and 18 years who completed a survey about their children’s anxiety (Span-ish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale), the stress-ful events experienced related to school (Stressful Events related to Pan-demic Inventory), and the adjustment to school (Adjustment of Children after Pandemic School Closure Scale). Results showed that social distance was the most reported stressful event (87%). Having COVID-19 and expe-riencing bullying were directly related to a high level of anxiety. Children ́s who decreased social contact and experienced bullying showed a worse ad-justment to school. Anxiety was an indirect mediator of this relationship. Findings highlight the importance of supervising school adaptation and promoting strategies to prevent emotional problems when the youths are exposed to stressful situations.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , /psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Saúde do Estudante , Estresse Psicológico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ansiedade , /epidemiologia , Psicologia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Social , Ajustamento Social , Psicologia Educacional
7.
Pap. psicol ; 45(1): 19-25, Ene-Abr, 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229712

RESUMO

El uso clínico del mindfulness adaptado a la psicosis ha sido rechazado por algunos profesionales de la Salud Mental debido a prejuicios y falta de información. Sin embargo, la evidencia actual ha demostrado que las Intervenciones Basadas en Mindfulness (MBI) son seguras y tienen numerosos beneficios en los trastornos del espectro psicótico. Las MBI son adaptables a diferentes contextos y situaciones clínicas, incluido el deterioro cognitivo, y aunque no constituye su objetivo principal, pueden facilitar la reducción de la sintomatología negativa en la psicosis. Las MBI permiten a las personas con psicosis enfrentar las experiencias alucinatorias desde una perspectiva diferente, fomentando la flexibilidad, la regulación emocional y la aceptación. Es importante adaptar las intervenciones a las características de la psicosis, así como distinguir entre los diferentes tipos de prácticas, para aplicarlas de manera diferencial según la sintomatología específica y las características de la persona.(AU)


The clinical use of psychosis-adapted mindfulness has been rejected by some mental health professionals due to biases and lack of information. However, current evidence has demonstrated the safety and numerous benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in psychotic spectrum disorders. MBIs are adaptable to diverse clinical contexts and situations, including cognitive impairment, and although it is not their primary objective, they can facilitate the reduction of negative symptomatology in psychosis. MBIs enable individuals with psychosis toapproach hallucinatory experiences from an alternative perspective, fostering flexibility, emotional regulation, and acceptance. It is crucial to tailor interventions to the characteristics of the psychosis, as well as to differentiate between the various types of practices, in order to apply them differentially depending on the specific symptoms and characteristics of the individual.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Plena , Transtornos Psicóticos , Alucinações , Saúde Mental , Psicologia , Disfunção Cognitiva
8.
Pap. psicol ; 45(1): 34-38, Ene-Abr, 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229714

RESUMO

Se discute la validez de la memoria disociativa en contextos forenses y las causas de las llamadas “guerras de la memoria”. Conceptos erróneos entre la psicología clínica y la psicología forense, una definición deficiente de la amnesia y las dificultades inherentes en el estudio de recuerdos traumáticos contribuyen a la persistencia de esta controversia. Particularmente en el campo de la psicología forense, el debate podría atribuirse a la falta de consenso sobre la evidencia científica. Los psicólogos necesitan establecer una base empírica para comprender mejor los mecanismos de la memoria involucrados en recordar y olvidar recuerdos traumáticos. Se esboza el Modelo de Accesibilidad Continua de la Memoria para explicar la recuperación de los diferentes grados de accesibilidad a los recuerdos autobiográficos basados en diferentes factores.(AU)


The validity of dissociative memory in forensic contexts and the causes of the so-called “memory wars” arediscussed. Misconceptions between clinical and forensic psychology, a deficient definition of amnesia, and the difficulties inherent in studying traumatic memories contribute to the persistence of this controversy. Particularly in the field of forensic psychology, the debate could be attributed to the lack of consensus on scientific evidence. Psychologists need to establish an empirical foundation to understand better the mechanisms of memory involved in remembering and forgetting traumatic memories. The Continuous Accessibility Model of Memory is outlined to explain the retrieval of the different degrees of accessibility to autobiographical memories based on different factors.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Amnésia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Forense , Rememoração Mental , Psicologia , Vítimas de Crime
9.
Pap. psicol ; 45(1): 48-55, Ene-Abr, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229716

RESUMO

Borderline personality (BPD) features and intimate partner violence (IPV) have been seen associated, focusing the research specially into perpetrators. The achievement of this systematic review is to analyze this relation in both victims and perpetrators, using 17 scientific articles published between 2017 and 2021 from different data bases. Most studies were focused on perpetrators, in which both men and women were equally represented as perpetrators. Instead, studies about victims were focused on women. Throughout this review, different factors observed in people with BPD traits who are victims or perpetrators of IPV are mentioned, finding particularities in each profile. These findings allow increase knowledge about the relationship between BPD and IPV, promoting a greater understanding that impacts positively on clinical intervention in this population.(AU)


Los rasgos límites de personalidad (TLP) se han visto asociados a violencia en la pareja, con investigaciones centradas especialmente en quienes la ejercen. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar esta relación tanto en víctimas como en perpetradores, utilizando 17 artículos científicos publicados entre 2017 y 2021 en distintas bases de datos. Los estudios analizados se centraron mayoritariamente en perpetradores, encontrándose tanto hombres como mujeres igualmente representadas. En cambio, los estudios sobre víctimas atendían por lo general a mujeres. A lo largo de esta revisión, se mencionan distintos factores observados en personas que presentan rasgos TLP y ejercen o son víctimas de violencia de pareja, encontrando particularidades en cada perfil. Este trabajo permite incrementar el conocimiento sobre la relación existente entre TLP y violencia de pareja, fomentando una mayor comprensión que repercuta positivamente en la intervención clínica de esta población.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Mental , Vítimas de Crime , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline , Psicologia , Psiquiatria
10.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 22(1): 1-14, Ene-Mar, 2024. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231378

RESUMO

Objective: This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of self-medication practices among students by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the available scientific literature. This research highlights the importance of promoting safe and responsible healthcare behaviors among students. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database to retrieve all peer-reviewed English articles and reviews published from 1968 onwards. The retrieved documents were analyzed to identify publication trends, citation counts, top journals, geographical distribution, and emerging research themes. Results: The findings indicate a significant increase in published literature about student self-medication over the past fifteen years. However, it was observed that the citation count for these documents was lower than expected, suggesting a need for increased attention toward this critical topic. The analysis also identified several hot topics in student self-medication, including the misuse of over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, and psychoactive substances. The inappropriate use of antibiotics and the self-medication of mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression, were also identified as significant problems. Conclusions and recommendations: Self-medication among students is a complex and critical issue that requires immediate attention. This study highlights the urgent need for greater awareness and education regarding responsible self-medication practices among students. New policies, interventions, and strategies should be developed to address malpractices, misconceptions, and harmful practices related to self-medication. Educational institutions and health authorities should play a crucial role in providing students with mental health resources and support services... (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Automedicação , Cuidados Médicos , Medicamentos sem Prescrição , Suplementos Nutricionais , Antibacterianos , Saúde Mental , Ansiedade , Depressão
11.
Clín. salud ; 35(1): 21-26, Mar. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231079

RESUMO

Background: This preliminary study examined the mediating role of illness representations on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between adherent and poorly adherent obstructive sleep apnea patients (OSA) to the automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy. Method: A total of 185 patients were assessed on determinants of APAP treatment, illness representations, family coping, and self-efficacy, at T1 (prior to APAP treatment) and T2 (1 to 2 months with APAP treatment). Results: Regarding the determinants of APAP, adherent patients showed higher self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and decisional balance index, compared to poorly adherent patients. Adherent patients also showed higher family coping and HRQoL, but less threatening cognitive representations compared to poorly adherent patients. Illness cognitive and emotional representations mediated the relationship between self-efficacy/family coping and HRQoL, in adherent patients. Only illness cognitive representations mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and HRQoL in poorly adherent patients. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of illness representations during OSA treatment in the promotion of adherence to APAP.(AU)


Antecedentes: Este estudio preliminar examina el papel mediador de la representación de la enfermedad en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) entre pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) observantes y poco observantes de la terapia de presión positiva automática en las vías respiratorias (APAP). Método: Se evaluó a un total de 185 pacientes sobre los determinantes del tratamiento APAP, las representaciones de la enfermedad, el afrontamiento familiar y la autoeficacia en T1 (antes del tratamiento APAP) y T2 (1 a 2 meses con tratamiento APAP). Resultados: En cuanto a los determinantes de la APAP, los observantes mostraron mayor autoeficacia, expectativas de resultados e índice de equilibrio decisional en comparación con los poco observantes. Los observantes también mostraron un mayor afrontamiento familiar y CVRS pero menos representaciones cognitivas amenazantes en comparación con los observantes deficientes. Las representaciones cognitivas y emocionales de la enfermedad mediaron la relación entre la autoeficacia/afrontamiento familiar y la CVRS en pacientes observantes. Solo las representaciones cognitivas de enfermedad mediaron la relación entre la autoeficacia y la CVRS en pacientes de baja observancia. Conclusiones: Los resultados destacan la importancia de las representaciones de la enfermedad durante el tratamiento de la AOS en la promoción de la adherencia a la APAP.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono , Qualidade de Vida , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Autoeficácia , Avaliação de Sintomas/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Clínica , Estudo de Prova de Conceito , Relações Familiares
12.
Clín. salud ; 35(1): 27-33, Mar. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231080

RESUMO

Background: Stigma toward child and adolescent mental health problems among parents has been understudied, despite its importance. Method: Sociodemographic variables, stigma associated with mental health problems in childhood and adolescence, myths about suicide, familiarity with mental health, and seeking professional help were assessed in a cross-sectional study in a Spanish sample (N = 268). Descriptive analyses, mean difference and regression models were carried out. Results: The results reveal medium levels of stigma, the presence of myths about suicide and average familiarity with mental health. Mothers and a higher level of education, showed lower levels of stigma and fewer myths about suicide. A regression model explains the 44% of the variance with myths about suicide, stigma and familiarity with mental health as predictors of seeking professional help attitudes. Conclusions: Stigma, myths surrounding suicide, and parental unfamiliarity with mental health may act as barriers to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Practical implications and recommendations are discussed.(AU)


Antecedentes: La estigmatización de los problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes en los padres y madres no se ha estudiado lo suficiente a pesar de su importancia. Método: Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, el estigma asociado con los problemas de salud mental en la infancia y la adolescencia, mitos sobre el suicidio, conocimiento de la salud mental y la búsqueda de ayuda profesional en un estudio exploratorio transversal en una muestra española de padres y madres (N = 268). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de diferencia de medias y modelos de regresión. Resultados: Los resultados revelan un nivel medio de estigma, la presencia de mitos sobre el suicidio y un conocimiento medio con la salud mental. Las madres y un mayor nivel educativo mostraron menores niveles de estigma y menos mitos sobre el suicidio. El 44% de la varianza de la búsqueda de ayuda profesional se explica a través de los mitos sobre el suicidio, el estigma y el conocimiento de la salud mental como predictores de las actitudes de búsqueda de ayuda profesional. Conclusiones: Se establecen recomendaciones prácticas, subrayando cómo el estigma, los mitos sobre el suicidio y la falta de conocimiento de los progenitores de la salud mental pueden actuar como barreras para un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y las recomendaciones.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Saúde Mental , Saúde da Criança , Saúde do Adolescente , Estereotipagem , Comportamento do Adolescente , Suicídio , Estudos Transversais , Psicologia Clínica , Psicologia da Criança , Psicologia do Adolescente
13.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 52(2): 68-79, mar. 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231088

RESUMO

Background: Little evidence is available about psychological stressors in Lebanese asthmatic adolescents, where health-risk behaviors are a serious threat to public health. In addition, the COVID-19 epidemic has had a substantial influence on adolescents’ mental health globally, especially in Lebanon, where the ongoing economic and political challenges have largely impacted their psychological well-being. This study aimed to explore the association of asthma and the COVID-19 infection with behaviors among Lebanese adolescents. Methods: Data were collected in July 2023, using the snowball sampling technique. Inclusion criteria for participation in the study included being of a resident and citizen of Lebanon and aged 12–18 years. Behavioral problems were assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) scale, which yields nine subscales (anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, somatic complaints, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, rule-breaking behavior, aggressive behavior, and other problems) and a total score. Results: Asthma was significantly associated with somatic complaints (Beta [β] = 2.98), attention problems (β = 0.01), and other behavioral problems (β = 0.68). Having contracted the COVID-19 infection, compared to healthy asymptomatic state (β = 1.55), was significantly associated with more anxious behaviors. In the case of stratifying the analysis in terms of gender, the results showed that the presence of asthma was significantly associated with more social behaviors (β = 3.31), thought problems (β = 2.91), attention problems (β = 0.02), other behavioral problems (β = 1.71), and total behavioral problems (β = 5.71) in males...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Asma , Estresse Psicológico , /epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais , Programas de Rastreamento , Morbidade/tendências , Líbano
14.
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 50(2): [102124], Mar. 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231239

RESUMO

Introduction: Microaggressions create negative consequences on the mental health of individuals who experience them, such as feelings of alienation, frustration and low self-esteem. Physicians worldwide are negatively impacted by the detrimental effects of microaggressions and implicit bias. It is imperative to establish the prevalence specificity of the problem hence the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, nature and determinants of microaggressions amongst healthcare professionals. Method: The study used an online anonymous survey to collect data including demographics, awareness of the term, experience of microaggression, acts and response. The research findings were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses using Chi-square test and binary logistic regression respectively. Result: A total of 443 participants (40.9% males, 59.1% females) included 403 physicians (91%), 21 dentists (4.7%), 15 nurses (3.4%) and 4 pharmacists (0.9%). More than half of the participants (59.8%) were aware of the term micro-aggression. The percentage was significantly higher among respondents from the western region of Saudi Arabia than the Gulf/Middle Eastern countries. Approximately 38.1% of the participants experienced microaggression and more than half (55.62%) did not report experiencing microaggression. The most common form of microaggression was passive-aggressive behavior (80.5%) followed by invalidation of an opinion (73.4%). Among those who experienced microaggression, (12.9%) reported anger as the most predominant emotional response. Conclusion: Microaggression is a universal phenomenon. Further research is necessary to determine its prevalence in other countries to establish a comprehensive understanding of its cultural context.(AU)


Introducción: Las microagresiones crean consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de las personas que las experimentan, como sentimientos de alienación, frustración y baja autoestima. Los médicos de todo el mundo se ven afectados negativamente por los efectos perjudiciales de las microagresiones y el sesgo implícito. Es imperativo establecer la especificidad de prevalencia del problema, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es determinar la prevalencia, la naturaleza y los determinantes de las microagresiones entre los profesionales de la salud. Método: El estudio utilizó una encuesta anónima en línea para recopilar datos demográficos, conocimiento del término, experiencia de microagresión, actos y respuesta. Los resultados de la investigación se analizaron mediante análisis univariados y multivariados mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y la regresión logística binaria, respectivamente. Resultado: Un total de 443 participantes (40,9% hombres, 59,1% mujeres) incluyeron 403 médicos (91%), 21 dentistas (4,7%), 15 enfermeras (3,4%) y 4 farmacéuticos (0,9%). Más de la mitad de los participantes (59,8%) conocían el término microagresión. El porcentaje fue significativamente mayor entre los encuestados de la región occidental de Arabia Saudita que entre los países del Golfo/Medio Oriente. Aproximadamente el 38,1% de los participantes experimentaron microagresión y más de la mitad (55,62%) informaron no haber experimentado microagresión. La forma más común de microagresión fue el comportamiento pasivo-agresivo (80,5%), seguido de la invalidación de una opinión (73,4%). Entre quienes experimentaron microagresión, 12,9% reportaron ira como la respuesta emocional predominante. Conclusión: La microagresión es un fenómeno universal. Se necesita más investigación para determinar su prevalencia en otros países a fin de establecer una comprensión integral de su contexto cultural.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , /epidemiologia , Saúde Mental , Conscientização , Hostilidade , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
Sci Total Environ ; 923: 171392, 2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38431171

RESUMO

COVID-19 has altered how individuals interact with natural environments. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of such environments on health. However, how natural environments influenced individuals' physiological and mental health during various stages of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of natural environments on individuals' physiological and mental health during different stages of the pandemic; we also identified factors that mediated these effects. Overall, we evaluated the importance of natural environments during challenging times. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The pandemic period was divided into three stages on the basis of severity: pandemic (March 2020 - February 2022), easing (February 2022-September 2022), and post-acute COVID pandemic (September 2022 - present). An initial pool of 3018 studies was narrowed down to a final sample of 73 studies. During the pandemic stage, individuals frequenting public green spaces exhibited improved well-being, reduced stress levels, and a sense of nature deprivation. Private green spaces played crucial roles in maintaining health during the pandemic stage. Highquality window views were associated with improved well-being and reduced depression. During the easing stage, the environmental quality of public green spaces influenced individuals' perceived safety and sense of belonging. And coastal areas were the preferred natural destinations in this stage. During the post-acute COVID pandemic stage, individuals acknowledged the importance of natural environments in maintaining physiological and mental health as they gradually returned to prepandemic normalcy. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted humanity's reliance on nature. Therefore, sufficient urban spaces should be dedicated to preservation of natural environments to mitigate negative emotions arising from prolonged indoor stays.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Meio Ambiente , Parques Recreativos
16.
BMJ Open ; 14(3): e074368, 2024 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38448069

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Mental health inpatient facilities are increasingly focusing on creating therapeutic, person-centred care environments. However, research shows that this focus may have unintended consequences for healthcare staff. Designs that do not pay attention to staff needs may risk contributing to stress, burnout, job dissatisfaction and mental exhaustion in the work environment. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise current research on the design factors of adult mental health inpatient facilities that impact healthcare staff. DESIGN: A mixed method systematic review was conducted to search for empirical, peer-reviewed studies using the databases CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science from their inception up to 5 September 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklists were used to assess the methodological quality of the eligible studies. Data were extracted and grouped based on the facility design factors. RESULTS: In our review, we included 29 peer-reviewed empirical studies that identified crucial design factors impacting healthcare staff in adult mental health inpatient facilities. Key factors included layouts providing optimal visibility, designated work and respite areas, and centrally located nursing stations. Notably, mixed perceptions regarding the benefits and challenges of open and glass-enclosed nursing stations suggest areas requiring further research. Facilities in geographically remote locations also emerged as a factor influencing staff dynamics. Additionally, although only supported by a limited number of studies, the significance of artwork, sensory rooms for respite, appropriate furniture and equipment, and access to alarms was acknowledged as contributory factors. CONCLUSION: Through the synthesis of existing research, this review identified that the design of mental health facilities significantly impacts staff well-being, satisfaction, performance and perception of safety. Concluding that, in order to create a well-designed therapeutic environment, it is essential to account for both service users and staff user needs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022368155.


Assuntos
Arquitetura de Instituições de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Pacientes Internados , Saúde Mental , Adulto , Humanos , Atenção à Saúde , Hospitais Psiquiátricos
17.
Child Care Health Dev ; 50(2): e13244, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38465798

RESUMO

CONTEXT: To identify the characteristics of adolescent young carers (AYCs), studies in the literature have compared them with non-AYCs, but without considering that in the latter group, some face the illness of a relative whereas others do not. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were (1) to identify the characteristics of AYCs as compared with adolescents who are not young carers but are facing the illness/disability of a relative, or adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative, and (2) to identify factors associated with being a carer within adolescents facing a relative illness. METHODS: A total of 4000 high school students (grades 10-12, mainly aged 15-17 years, 568 identified as AYCs, 1200 as adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and 2232 as adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative) completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, illness/disability in the family, caregiving activities (MACA-YC18 and specific emotional support scale), quality of life (KIDSCREEN-10) and mental health (GHQ-12). Chi-square tests, ANOVAs and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS: AYCs scored lower on the quality-of-life measure compared with adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative (p < .001) and had poorer mental health compared with adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative (p < .001). Logistic regressions showed that youth were more at risk to be an AYC when they were females (p < .001), when they had an extracurricular job (p < .001), spoke another language at home (p < .01), had siblings and were one of the oldest siblings (p < .001), and when the relative had a serious or chronic physical illness (p < .001) and lived with the youth (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the importance of distinguishing AYCs, adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer and adolescents not facing the illness/disability of a relative to better describe AYCs, recognizing that as the level of care provided might change over time, adolescents facing the illness/disability of a relative without being a carer could become AYCs or inversely. The factors that emerged could be used by professionals to better identify AYCs.


Assuntos
Cuidadores , Qualidade de Vida , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Cuidadores/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6934, 2024 03 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38521834

RESUMO

NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) is a rare genetic disorder and is associated with progressive morbidities. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NF2-SWN disease severity, health-related Quality of Life (QoL), and mental health aspects of patients. Standardised questionnaires assessing mental health problems (symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatic burden), psychological factors (resilience, loneliness, and personality functioning), and health-related QoL were administered to 97 patients with NF2-SWN. The results of these questionnaires were compared with physician-rated disease severity. Questionnaires were completed by 77 patients. Physician-rated disease severity scores were available for 55 patients. NF2-SWN patients showed a high prevalence of clinically relevant symptoms of depression (30%), anxiety (16%), and somatic burden (32%). Almost all variables showed moderate to high correlations with NF2-SWN-related QoL. NF2-SWN-related QoL was associated with physician-reported disease severity (r = 0.614). In the stepwise hierarchical linear regression analysis, a significant model with four predictors (disease severity type, depression symptoms, personality functioning, and gender) explained 64% of the variance in NF2-SWN-related QoL. Our results showed a strong association between NF2-SWN-related QoL and depression symptoms. Moreover, personality functioning is an important influencing factor, representing a modifiable construct that can be targeted by prevention programs or psychotherapy.


Assuntos
Neurilemoma , Neurofibromatoses , Neurofibromatose 2 , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Neurofibromatose 2/genética
19.
Med Pr ; 75(1): 57-67, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38523501

RESUMO

Healthcare workers are representatives of occupations that are most exposed to high levels of stress in the work environment. These characteristics of work increase the probability of suffering from mental disorders. One aspect of mental disorder prevention in the workplace is the role of healthcare managers as those people who are responsible for minimizing the negative impact of work-related stress factors. Their role can be performed by creating effective initiatives supporting workers' mental health. The need to support the implementation of such initiatives has been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the review is to summarize available types of managerial interventions in the field of mental health protection of medical staff, considering the assessment of their prevalence, determinants of effectiveness, and limitations from the perspective of healthcare managers. The article was prepared based on the literature review method and covered publications from original research in English and Polish, published until June 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. In addition to the original research, the review also includes documents developed by international health organizations. The determinants of effective managerial interventions that can be used for the needs of managers and decision-makers in the field of mental health management in the workplace have been presented. The greatest widespread of mental health initiatives concerned the pandemic period, but now the key systemic task should be to maintain the frequency of impacts outside the pandemic period, due to the constant nature of stressors. The determinants of their effectiveness include, among others: incorporating elements of psychological knowledge into the process of educating managers, involving healthcare specialists in the development of programs, and examining the needs of the staff each time at the stage preceding interventions. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):57-67.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Saúde Mental , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia
20.
Int J Public Health ; 69: 1605341, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38524628

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of a forgiveness public health intervention at promoting forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing. Methods: Colombian students (N = 2,878) at a private, nonreligious university were exposed to a 4-week forgiveness community campaign and were assessed pre- and post-campaign. Results: Forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing outcomes showed improvements after the campaign. On average, participants reported engaging in 7.18 (SD = 3.99) of the 16 types of campaign activities. The number of types of campaign activities that participants engaged in evidenced a positive linear association with forgiveness, although some activities were more popular than others and some activities were more strongly associated with increased forgiveness. For depression, anxiety, and flourishing, engaging in more activities was generally associated with greater improvements, but the patterns were less consistent relative to forgiveness. Conclusion: This forgiveness public health intervention effectively promoted forgiveness, mental health, and flourishing. Effective campaigns in diverse communities involve promoting mental and physical health through forgiveness. However, recent conflict may hinder acceptance, necessitating political capital for leadership advocating forgiveness initiatives.


Assuntos
Perdão , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Ansiedade , Estudantes , Transtornos de Ansiedade
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