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1.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 40(4): 130, 2024 Mar 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460032

RESUMO

ß-mannanases are pivotal enzymes that cleave the mannan backbone to release short chain mannooligosaccharides, which have tremendous biotechnological applications including food/feed, prebiotics and biofuel production. Due to the high temperature conditions in many industrial applications, thermophilic mannanases seem to have great potential to overcome the thermal impediments. Thus, structural analysis of thermostable ß-mannanases is extremely important, as it could open up new avenues for genetic engineering, and protein engineering of these enzymes with enhanced properties and catalytic efficiencies. Under this scope, the present review provides a state-of-the-art discussion on the thermophilic ß-mannanases from bacterial origin, their production, engineering and structural characterization. It covers broad insights into various molecular biology techniques such as gene mutagenesis, heterologous gene expression, and protein engineering, that are employed to improve the catalytic efficiency and thermostability of bacterial mannanases for potential industrial applications. Further, the bottlenecks associated with mannanase production and process optimization are also discussed. Finally, future research related to bioengineering of mannanases with novel protein expression systems for commercial applications are also elaborated.


Assuntos
Bactérias , beta-Manosidase , beta-Manosidase/química , Bactérias/metabolismo , Engenharia Genética , Biotecnologia/métodos , Mananas/química , Bioengenharia
2.
Plant Cell Rep ; 43(4): 98, 2024 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38494539

RESUMO

Genome-editing technologies have revolutionized research in plant biology, with major implications for agriculture and worldwide food security, particularly in the face of challenges such as climate change and increasing human populations. Among these technologies, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]-CRISPR-associated protein [Cas] systems are now widely used for editing crop plant genomes. In this review, we provide an overview of CRISPR-Cas technology and its most significant applications for improving crop sustainability. We also review current and potential technological advances that will aid in the future breeding of crops to enhance food security worldwide. Finally, we discuss the obstacles and challenges that must be overcome to realize the maximum potential of genome-editing technologies for future crop and food production.


Assuntos
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edição de Genes , Humanos , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Bioengenharia , Agricultura
3.
Tissue Cell ; 87: 102338, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428370

RESUMO

Hair loss disorder (alopecia) affects numerous people around the world. The low effectiveness and numerous side effects of common treatments have prompted researchers to investigate alternative and effective solutions. Hair follicle (HF) bioengineering is the knowledge of using hair-inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering-based approaches focus on regenerating folliculogenesis through manipulation of regulators of physical/molecular properties in the HF niche. Despite the high potential of cell therapy, no cell product has been produced for effective treatment in the field of hair regeneration. This problem shows the challenges in the functionality of cultured human hair cells. To achieve this goal, research and development of new and practical approaches, technologies and biomaterials are needed. Based on recent advances in the field, this review evaluates emerging HF bioengineering strategies and the future prospects for the field of tissue engineering and successful HF regeneration.


Assuntos
Folículo Piloso , Engenharia Tecidual , Humanos , Bioengenharia , Materiais Biocompatíveis
4.
Sci Adv ; 10(12): eadl2267, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38517973

RESUMO

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently developed for drug delivery and molecular imaging. However, they often get intercepted before reaching their target, leading to low targeting efficacy and signal-to-noise ratio. They tend to accumulate in organs like lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The remedy is to iteratively engineer NP surface properties and administration strategies, presently a time-consuming process that includes organ dissection at different time points. To improve this, we propose a rapid iterative approach using whole-animal x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging to systematically evaluate NP distribution in vivo. We applied this method to molybdenum-based NPs and clodronate liposomes for tumor targeting with transient macrophage depletion, leading to reduced accumulations in lungs and liver and eventual tumor detection. XRF computed tomography (XFCT) provided 3D insight into NP distribution within the tumor. We validated the results using a multiscale imaging approach with dye-doped NPs and gene expression analysis for nanotoxicological profiling. XRF imaging holds potential for advancing therapeutics and diagnostics in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Animais , Raios X , Fluorescência , Imagens de Fantasmas , Bioengenharia , Imagem Óptica
6.
PLoS Comput Biol ; 20(3): e1011929, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38457467

RESUMO

Synthetic biology dictates the data-driven engineering of biocatalysis, cellular functions, and organism behavior. Integral to synthetic biology is the aspiration to efficiently find, access, interoperate, and reuse high-quality data on genotype-phenotype relationships of native and engineered biosystems under FAIR principles, and from this facilitate forward-engineering strategies. However, biology is complex at the regulatory level, and noisy at the operational level, thus necessitating systematic and diligent data handling at all levels of the design, build, and test phases in order to maximize learning in the iterative design-build-test-learn engineering cycle. To enable user-friendly simulation, organization, and guidance for the engineering of biosystems, we have developed an open-source python-based computer-aided design and analysis platform operating under a literate programming user-interface hosted on Github. The platform is called teemi and is fully compliant with FAIR principles. In this study we apply teemi for i) designing and simulating bioengineering, ii) integrating and analyzing multivariate datasets, and iii) machine-learning for predictive engineering of metabolic pathway designs for production of a key precursor to medicinal alkaloids in yeast. The teemi platform is publicly available at PyPi and GitHub.


Assuntos
Bioengenharia , Engenharia Metabólica , Biologia Sintética , Engenharia Biomédica , Saccharomyces cerevisiae
7.
Sci Total Environ ; 921: 171051, 2024 Apr 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382616

RESUMO

Glyphosate (Gly) is a massively utilized toxic herbicide exceeding its statutory restrictions, causing adverse environmental and health impacts. Engineered nanomaterials, even though are integral to remediate Gly, their practical use is limited due to time and energy driven purifications, and negative environmental impacts. Here, a 3D wide area (~1.6 ± 0.4 cm2) Cu2O nanoparticle supported biotemplate is designed using fish-scale wastes as a sustainable approach for the ultra-efficient and selective hand-remediation of Gly from real-time samples from agro-farms. While the innate metal binding and reducing ability of collagenous scales aided self-synthesis cum grafting of Cu2O, the selective binding potential of Cu2O to Gly facilitated its hand-retrieval; as assessed using optical characterizations, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Optimization studies revealed extractions of diverse pay-loads of Gly between 0.1 µg/mL to 40 µg/mL per 80 mg biotemplate grafted with ~6.354 µg of sub-5 nm Cu2O and was exponential to the number of Cu2O@biotemplates. Even though pH and surfactant didn't have any impact on the adsorption of Gly to the Cu2O@biotemplates, increase in the ionic strength led to a drastic increase in the adsorption. Density function theory simulations unveiled the involvement of phosphonic and carboxylic groups of Gly for interaction with Cu2O with a bond length of 1.826 Å and 1.833 Å, respectively. Overall, our sustainably generated, cost-efficient, hand-retrievable Cu2O supported biotemplate can be generalized to extract diverse organophosphorus toxins from agro-farms and other sewage embodiments. SYNOPSIS: Glyphosate is an excessively applied herbicide with potent health hazards and carcinogenicity. Thus, a hand removable Cu2O-supported biotemplate to selectively and efficiently remediate glyphosate from irrigation water is developed.


Assuntos
Herbicidas , Animais , Herbicidas/química , Água , Tensoativos , Bioengenharia
8.
J Biomech Eng ; 146(5)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38345601

RESUMO

Design projects, particularly those related to assistive technology, offer unparalleled educational opportunities for undergraduate students to synthesize engineering knowledge with a clinically driven need to produce a product that can improve quality of life. Such projects are most effective when engineering, clinical, and business perspectives are considered throughout. However, the logistics of successfully implementing such interdisciplinary projects can be challenging. This paper presents an auto-ethnography of 12 undergraduate design team projects in assistive technology performed by 87 students from five majors (including engineering, business, and clinical students) over the course of 5 years. The overarching goal of our work was to establish an undergraduate integrated design experience at a university in the absence of a dedicated biomedical engineering major. The focus of this experience was to foster the creation of student-led prototypes to address real-world problems for people with disabilities while keeping commercialization potential at the forefront throughout. Student participation demonstrated a clear enthusiasm for completing biomedical engineering-themed projects. To encourage the implementation of similar approaches at universities where a biomedical engineering major does not exist, we identify common obstacles that can arise and present strategies for mitigating these challenges, as well as effective approaches for catalyzing cross-disciplinary collaborations. High impact practices include close involvement of end-users in the design process; cross-disciplinary team composition (e.g., engineering, business, and health sciences students); and choosing cross-disciplinary leads for project management. Teams experienced a high degree of success with all 12 teams producing functional prototypes. We conclude that at universities that do not offer a biomedical engineering major, health-focused integrated design experiences offer students important interdisciplinary perspectives, including a holistic approach to project implementation. Furthermore, for many students, these projects ultimately served as a gateway to subsequent careers and graduate study in biomedical engineering.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Estudantes , Humanos , Engenharia , Engenharia Biomédica/educação , Bioengenharia
9.
ACS Nano ; 18(10): 7473-7484, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38326220

RESUMO

Protein nanocages have emerged as promising candidates for enzyme immobilization and cargo delivery in biotechnology and nanotechnology. Carboxysomes are natural proteinaceous organelles in cyanobacteria and proteobacteria and have exhibited great potential in creating versatile nanocages for a wide range of applications given their intrinsic characteristics of self-assembly, cargo encapsulation, permeability, and modularity. However, how to program intact carboxysome shells with specific docking sites for tunable and efficient cargo loading is a key question in the rational design and engineering of carboxysome-based nanostructures. Here, we generate a range of synthetically engineered nanocages with site-directed cargo loading based on an α-carboxysome shell in conjunction with SpyTag/SpyCatcher and Coiled-coil protein coupling systems. The systematic analysis demonstrates that the cargo-docking sites and capacities of the carboxysome shell-based protein nanocages could be precisely modulated by selecting specific anchoring systems and shell protein domains. Our study provides insights into the encapsulation principles of the α-carboxysome and establishes a solid foundation for the bioengineering and manipulation of nanostructures capable of capturing cargos and molecules with exceptional efficiency and programmability, thereby enabling applications in catalysis, delivery, and medicine.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias , Biotecnologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Bioengenharia , Domínios Proteicos , Organelas/metabolismo
10.
J Biomech Eng ; 146(5)2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38376458

RESUMO

The global learning initiative at Northeastern University is focused on fostering intercultural communication skills. The Dialogue of Civilization (DOC) program serves as a mechanism to achieve such a goal by offering faculty-led international experiences. In this paper, we have presented a detailed account of a DOC program that took place in Norway. The primary objective of the program was to teach mechanical engineering and bio-engineering students computational skills while stimulating critical thinking about the cultural and social aspects of technology and engineering in Norway. The program focused on two courses: a technical course and a special topics course. The technical course introduced students to finite element analysis, with practical applications and site visits in Norway to enhance experiential learning. In the special topics course, the interplay between modern technologies, like green energy, state policies, and the rights and traditions of the indigenous Sámi people was explored. The course highlighted both the progressive social policies in Norway and the historical discrimination against the Sámi. Student feedback was positive and experiential learning components such as guest lectures and site visits were particularly appreciated. Additional surveys showed that students' self-confidence was higher following the DOC program. In addition, female-identifying students had higher confidence in their future success after completion of this program as compared to their male-identifying counterparts. Our paper is expected to serve as a resource for educators seeking to integrate technical education with intercultural experiences and discussions on social and cultural impacts in engineering.


Assuntos
População do Leste Europeu , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas , Estudantes , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aprendizagem , Bioengenharia
11.
Science ; 383(6680): 247, 2024 01 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38236976
12.
Metabolism ; 152: 155786, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38211697

RESUMO

Diabetes presents a pressing healthcare crisis, necessitating innovative solutions. Organoid technologies have rapidly advanced, leading to the emergence of bioengineering islet organoids as an unlimited source of insulin-producing cells for treating insulin-dependent diabetes. This advancement surpasses the need for cadaveric islet transplantation. However, clinical translation of this approach faces two major limitations: immature endocrine function and the absence of a perfusable vasculature compared to primary human islets. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in bioengineering functional islet organoids in vitro and promoting vascularization of organoid grafts before and after transplantation. We highlight the crucial roles of the vasculature in ensuring long-term survival, maturation, and functionality of islet organoids. Additionally, we discuss key considerations that must be addressed before clinical translation of islet organoid-based therapy, including functional immaturity, undesired heterogeneity, and potential tumorigenic risks.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Insulinas , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Humanos , Organoides/irrigação sanguínea , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Bioengenharia
13.
J Immunol ; 212(2): 167-168, 2024 01 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38166250
14.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol ; 326(3): C659-C660, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38252506

Assuntos
Bioengenharia , Biologia
15.
J Biomech Eng ; 146(4)2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38270930

RESUMO

The human body represents a collection of interacting systems that range in scale from nanometers to meters. Investigations from a systems perspective focus on how the parts work together to enact changes across spatial scales, and further our understanding of how systems function and fail. Here, we highlight systems approaches presented at the 2022 Summer Biomechanics, Bio-engineering, and Biotransport Conference in the areas of solid mechanics; fluid mechanics; tissue and cellular engineering; biotransport; and design, dynamics, and rehabilitation; and biomechanics education. Systems approaches are yielding new insights into human biology by leveraging state-of-the-art tools, which could ultimately lead to more informed design of therapies and medical devices for preventing and treating disease as well as rehabilitating patients using strategies that are uniquely optimized for each patient. Educational approaches can also be designed to foster a foundation of systems-level thinking.


Assuntos
Bioengenharia , Análise de Sistemas , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Biofísica
16.
Int J Artif Organs ; 47(3): 129-139, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38253541

RESUMO

Liver transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease and its availability is restricted by organ donor shortages. The development of liver bioengineering provides the probability to create a functional alternative to reduce the gap in organ demand and supply. Decellularized liver scaffolds have been widely applied in bioengineering because they can mimic the native liver microenvironment and retain extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Multiple approaches including chemical, physical and biological methods have been developed for liver decellularization in current studies, but a full set of unified criteria has not yet been established. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks that influence the microstructure and ligand landscape of decellularized liver scaffolds. Optimizing a decellularization method to eliminate cell material while retaining as much of the ECM intact as possible is therefore important for biological scaffold applications. Furthermore, crosslinking strategies can improve the biological performance of scaffolds, including reinforcing biomechanics, delaying degradation in vivo and reducing immune rejection, which can better promote the integration of re-cellularized scaffolds with host tissue and influence the reconstruction process. In this review, we aim to present the different liver decellularization techniques, the crosslinking methods to improve scaffold characteristics with crosslinking and the preparation of soluble ECM.


Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Tecidos Suporte , Tecidos Suporte/química , Matriz Extracelular/química , Fígado , Bioengenharia/métodos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos
17.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol ; 44(3): e66-e81, 2024 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38174560

RESUMO

Peripheral artery disease is an atherosclerotic disease associated with limb ischemia that necessitates limb amputation in severe cases. Cell therapies comprised of adult mononuclear or stromal cells have been clinically tested and show moderate benefits. Bioengineering strategies can be applied to modify cell behavior and function in a controllable fashion. Using mechanically tunable or spatially controllable biomaterials, we highlight examples in which biomaterials can increase the survival and function of the transplanted cells to improve their revascularization efficacy in preclinical models. Biomaterials can be used in conjunction with soluble factors or genetic approaches to further modulate the behavior of transplanted cells and the locally implanted tissue environment in vivo. We critically assess the advances in bioengineering strategies such as 3-dimensional bioprinting and immunomodulatory biomaterials that can be applied to the treatment of peripheral artery disease and then discuss the current challenges and future directions in the implementation of bioengineering strategies.


Assuntos
Bioengenharia , Doença Arterial Periférica , Adulto , Humanos , Bioengenharia/métodos , Doença Arterial Periférica/terapia , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Bioorg Chem ; 144: 107117, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38266324

RESUMO

The scope of bioengineering is expanding from the design of single strain to the microbial communities, allowing for the division-of-labor in synthesizing the multi-protein systems. Predicting the composition of the final product during the biomanufacturing process, however, can be difficult. Consortia-based manufacturing has the potential to boost production efficiency, but this benefit primarily holds in the upstream. The current format of downstream process heavily relies on the centralized facility, and is not economical and flexible to address the demands in small-scale. Here, we present a concise and manageable platform to enable the multi-protein system assembly. We engineer a self-lysis microbial consortium, where each strain lyses autonomously at high densities and produces a single protein component. The product fraction can be precisely tuned by varying the inoculation ratio. Utilizing this platform, we assemble a classical 34-component PURE (protein synthesis using recombinant elements) system. We have further optimized the downstream process of the biomanufacturing by incorporating the porous structure of polymeric materials. The encapsulated autolysis consortium can produce and release the proteins while maintaining the cell factories enclosed in the materials by exporting the multi-protein system for collection. Our research provides a novel approach to the flexible and controllable production of multi-protein systems, opening up new possibilities for pathway assembly and portable biomanufacturing.


Assuntos
Bioengenharia , Consórcios Microbianos , Proteínas/química
19.
Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) ; 112: 106178, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38232471

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cervical collars restrict cervical spine movement to minimise the risk of spinal cord injury. Collars apply mechanical loading to the skin putting it at risk of skin damage. Indeed, cervical collar-related pressure ulcers are unacceptably prevalent, especially at the occiput, mandibles, and chin. Collar design and fit are often key considerations for prevention. METHODS: This comprehensive study evaluated four commercial prehospital and acute care cervical collars. Pressure, microclimate, transepidermal water loss and skin hydration were measured at the interface between the device and the skin. Range of motion restriction was measured to evaluate effective immobilisation. Head, neck, and shoulder morphology was evaluated using three-dimensional scans. FINDINGS: The occiput experienced significantly higher interface pressures than the chin and mandibles for most collar designs. Interface pressure at the occiput was significantly higher for the Stiffneck extrication collar compared to the other collar designs. The Stiffneck collar also provided the most movement restriction, though not significantly more than other designs. Relative humidity at the device skin interface was significantly higher for the Stiffneck and Philadelphia collars corresponding to closed cell foam padding, in contrast to the open cell foams lined with permeable fabric used in the other collars. Collar discomfort correlated with both occipital pressure and skin humidity. INTERPRETATION: The occiput is at increased risk of cervical collar-related pressure ulcers during supine immobilisation, especially for Stiffneck extrication collars. Lined open-cell foams could be used to minimise skin humidity and increase comfort.


Assuntos
Lesão por Pressão , Humanos , Lesão por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Lesão por Pressão/etiologia , Contenções , Pescoço , Vértebras Cervicais/lesões , Bioengenharia , Imobilização/efeitos adversos
20.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(2)2024 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38256209

RESUMO

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme catalyzing the reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide (CO2), is considered a promising biocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The α-CA of Thermovibrio ammonificans (taCA) has emerged as a compelling candidate due to its high thermostability, a critical factor for industrial applications. However, the low-level expression and poor in vitro solubility have hampered further utilization of taCA. Recently, these limitations have been addressed through the fusion of the NEXT tag, a marine-derived, intrinsically disordered small peptide that enhances protein expression and solubility. In this study, the solubility and stability of NEXT-taCA were further investigated. When the linker length between the NEXT tag and the taCA was shortened, the expression level decreased without compromising solubility-enhancing performance. A comparison between the NEXT tag and the NT11 tag demonstrated the NEXT tag's superiority in improving both the expression and solubility of taCA. While the thermostability of taCA was lower than that of the extensively engineered DvCA10, the NEXT-tagged taCA exhibited a 30% improvement in long-term thermostability compared to the untagged taCA, suggesting that enhanced solubility can contribute to enzyme thermostability. Furthermore, the bioprospecting of two intrinsically disordered peptides (Hcr and Hku tags) as novel solubility-enhancing fusion tags was explored, demonstrating their performance in improving the expression and solubility of taCA. These efforts will advance the practical application of taCA and provide tools and insights for enzyme biochemistry and bioengineering.


Assuntos
Bactérias , Anidrases Carbônicas , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Anidrases Carbônicas/genética , Solubilidade , Dióxido de Carbono , Bioengenharia
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