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1.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(4): 29-48, oct.-dic. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-557

RESUMO

Esta investigación busca profundizar en la segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil estimando su magnitud, determinando la incidencia de la titularidad del centro y de su adscripción al Programa Bilingüe y describiendo su evolución. Para ello, se realiza un estudio ex post facto con datos de los 10.182 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil matriculados en alguno de los 77 centros ordinarios públicos y privados-concertados situados en dos ciudades de tamaño medio-grande de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar está en torno al 0.20 (ISG); que la incidencia de la titularidad es baja (4.6 %), pero es alta la del Programa Bilingüe (17.2 % de promedio); y que la segregación ha descendido ligeramente en los últimos años, pero las diferencias entre centros atendiendo a su titularidad y adscripción al Programa Bilingüe han crecido. Con ello, se concluye que hay que prestar atención a la segregación en Educación Infantil y tomar medidas para combatirla. También se destaca la necesidad de replantear el Programa Bilingüe por su incidencia en la segregación escolar. (AU)


This research aims to explore the school segregation of students with special educational needs in the second cycle of Early Childhood Education by estimating its magnitude, determining the incidence of school ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program, and describing its evolution. To achieve this, we conduct an ex post facto study with data from the 10,182 students enrolled in one of the 77 public and private-subsidised schools in the Community of Madrid. The results indicate that the magnitude of school segregation is around 0.20 (ISG); that the incidence of school ownership is low (4.6 %), while the incidence of the Bilingual Program is high (17.2 % on average); and that segregation has slightly decreased in recent years, however the differences between schools based on ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program have increased. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to address segregation in Early Childhood Education and that measures need to be taken to combat it. We also highlight the importance of reconsidering the Bilingual Program due to its impact on school segregation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Educação/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(4): 65-83, oct.-dic. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-EMG-559

RESUMO

La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)


The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Tecnologia Educacional , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico
3.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(4): 29-48, oct.-dic. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229227

RESUMO

Esta investigación busca profundizar en la segregación escolar del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil estimando su magnitud, determinando la incidencia de la titularidad del centro y de su adscripción al Programa Bilingüe y describiendo su evolución. Para ello, se realiza un estudio ex post facto con datos de los 10.182 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil matriculados en alguno de los 77 centros ordinarios públicos y privados-concertados situados en dos ciudades de tamaño medio-grande de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados indican que la magnitud de la segregación escolar está en torno al 0.20 (ISG); que la incidencia de la titularidad es baja (4.6 %), pero es alta la del Programa Bilingüe (17.2 % de promedio); y que la segregación ha descendido ligeramente en los últimos años, pero las diferencias entre centros atendiendo a su titularidad y adscripción al Programa Bilingüe han crecido. Con ello, se concluye que hay que prestar atención a la segregación en Educación Infantil y tomar medidas para combatirla. También se destaca la necesidad de replantear el Programa Bilingüe por su incidencia en la segregación escolar. (AU)


This research aims to explore the school segregation of students with special educational needs in the second cycle of Early Childhood Education by estimating its magnitude, determining the incidence of school ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program, and describing its evolution. To achieve this, we conduct an ex post facto study with data from the 10,182 students enrolled in one of the 77 public and private-subsidised schools in the Community of Madrid. The results indicate that the magnitude of school segregation is around 0.20 (ISG); that the incidence of school ownership is low (4.6 %), while the incidence of the Bilingual Program is high (17.2 % on average); and that segregation has slightly decreased in recent years, however the differences between schools based on ownership and affiliation to the Bilingual Program have increased. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to address segregation in Early Childhood Education and that measures need to be taken to combat it. We also highlight the importance of reconsidering the Bilingual Program due to its impact on school segregation. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Deficiências da Aprendizagem , Educação/estatística & dados numéricos
4.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(4): 65-83, oct.-dic. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229229

RESUMO

La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)


The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Tecnologia Educacional , Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Autístico
5.
J. optom. (Internet) ; 17(2): [100495], Abr-Jun, 2024. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231628

RESUMO

Purpose: This systematic review evaluates current literature on the impact vision impairment has on reading and literacy levels within education. Methods: Six databases were searched with inclusion criteria of trials or studies involving children who are blind or vision impaired, and impact on academic or school performance – including reading and literacy. 1262 articles were identified, with 61 papers undergoing full screening. Quality appraisal was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) and seven articles deemed eligible for inclusion. Results: Included articles achieved a quality score of over 70 % using the CASP checklists. Direct comparison of articles was not possible due to methodological differences in assessing reading and literacy levels. All seven studies investigated aspects of reading speed, with additional measures of reading performance, such as reading reserve, comprehension, and reading accuracy. Discussion: Underlying trends highlighted students with a vision impairment do not perform at same level as their normally sighted peers with respect to reading performance - in terms of speed, but not ability. Additionally, early intervention to enhance literacy skills may help improve educational outcomes. Future direction should be aimed at identifying specific obstacles to learning these students face and providing interventions to improve academic outcomes. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Cegueira , Educação , Literatura , Leitura
6.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 69-75, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229028

RESUMO

Para frenar la propagación del COVID-19, el gobierno español aplicó medidas restrictivas, como el cierre escolar. Aunque los efectos de la pandemia en el bienestar emocional de los niños han sido estudiados, faltan estudios que examinen la adaptación escolar tras la pandemia y el papel que la infección ha tenido en el proceso de adaptación. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre los eventos estresantes relacionados con la escuela y la adaptación escolar después del confinamiento, incluyendo la ansiedad como mediadora. Los participantes fueron 219 padres de niños y adolescentes españoles de entre 3 y 18 años que completaron encuestas sobre la ansiedad de sus hijos (Spanish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale), los eventos estresantes vividos relacionados con la escuela (Stressful Eventos relacionados con el Inventario de Pandemia), y la adaptación escolar (Escala de Ajuste de los Niños después del Cierre Escolar de la Pandemia). Los resultados mostraron mayor prevalencia en el evento estresante distancia social (87%). Tener COVID-19 y sufrir acoso escolar se relacionó directamente con una mayor ansiedad. Los niños que disminuyeron el contacto social y sufrieron acoso escolar mostraron peor adaptación escolar, siendo la ansiedad un mediador indirecto. Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de supervisar la adaptación escolar y promover estrategias para prevenir problemas emocionales en jóvenes expuestos a situaciones estresantes.(AU)


Aiming to mitigate the COVID-19 spread, the government of Spain applied restrictive measures, like schools’ closure. Although the ef-fects of the pandemic on children's emotional well-being have been stud-ied, there is a lack of studies examining school adjustment following the pandemic and the role that the infection has played in the adjustment pro-cess. The objective is to analyze the relationship between stressful events related to school experienced by children and their adjustment to school after the home confinement, including anxiety as a mediator variable. Par-ticipants were the parentsof 219 Spanish children and adolescents aged 3 and 18 years who completed a survey about their children’s anxiety (Span-ish Brief Child Version of the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale), the stress-ful events experienced related to school (Stressful Events related to Pan-demic Inventory), and the adjustment to school (Adjustment of Children after Pandemic School Closure Scale). Results showed that social distance was the most reported stressful event (87%). Having COVID-19 and expe-riencing bullying were directly related to a high level of anxiety. Children ́s who decreased social contact and experienced bullying showed a worse ad-justment to school. Anxiety was an indirect mediator of this relationship. Findings highlight the importance of supervising school adaptation and promoting strategies to prevent emotional problems when the youths are exposed to stressful situations.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , /psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Saúde do Estudante , Estresse Psicológico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Ansiedade , /epidemiologia , Psicologia , Saúde Mental , Psicologia Social , Ajustamento Social , Psicologia Educacional
7.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 76-84, Ene-Abri, 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229029

RESUMO

Los estilos de crianza (autoritario, democrático, permisivo y negligente) juegan un papel clave en el desarrollo personal y pueden estar relacionados con creencias y afectos agresivos en el individuo. Para examinar esta relación, 769 sujetos (359 hombres; 46.68%), con una edad promedio de 21.89 años, DT= 2.65, fueron evaluados en términos de estilos de crianza, creencias agresivas y afectos; También se exploró el papel mediador de los afectos en la relación entre creencias agresivas y estilos de crianza. El estudio reveló que estos constructos están interrelacionados. Se encontró que el estilo de crianza democrático era el más extendido. En términos de género, los estilos autoritativos se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia en hombres que en mujeres, entre los cuales el estilo permisivo fue el más común. No se encontraron diferencias de género significativas en cuanto a los estilos de crianza democráticos y negligentes. Se reveló que las mujeres estaban más expuestas a los afectos negativos y que las creencias agresivas eran más prevalentes en los hombres. Los niños educados según un estilo democrático obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en afectos positivos y más bajas en creencias agresivas. Los estilos autoritativos tienden a conducir a puntuaciones superiores a la media en afectos positivos y creencias agresivas. Además, una de cada cinco personas educadas según un estilo permisivo obtiene una puntuación alta en afecto negativo, y una de cada cuatro personas educadas según un estilo negligente obtiene puntuaciones altas en creencias agresivas. Finalmente, se descubrió que los estilos de crianza tienen un efecto directo sobre las creencias agresivas, efecto potenciado por el papel mediador que desempeñan los afectos. En conclusión, el estudio sugiere que los estilos de crianza están relacionados con creencias y afectos agresivos. Además, se demostró que los afectos desempeñan un papel mediador en la relación entre los estilos de crianza y las creencias agresivas. Finalmente, vale la pena enfatizar que, debido a las implicaciones de gran alcance que los estilos de crianza tienen en el desarrollo psicológico, social y personal del individuo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones, no sólo para examinar su relación con los afectos y las creencias agresivas, sino también también con otras variables psicológicas implicadas en el desarrollo personal.(AU)


Parenting stiles (authoritative, democratic, permissive and ne-glectful) play a key role in personal development and can be related to ag-gressive beliefs and affects in the individual. In order to examine this rela-tionship, 769 subjects (359 men; 46.68%), with an average age of 21.89 years, SD= 2.65, were assessed in terms of parenting styles, aggressive be-liefs and affects; the mediating role of affects in the relationship between aggressive beliefs and parenting styles was also explored. The study re-vealed that these constructs are interrelated. The democratic parenting style was found to be the most widespread. In terms of gender, authorita-tive styles were used more often on men than on women, among which the permissive style was the most common. No significant gender differ-ences were found concerning democratic and neglectful parenting styles. Women were revealed to be more exposed to negative affects, and aggres-sive beliefs were found to be more prevalent in men. Children educated according to a democratic style scored higher in positive affects and lower in aggressive beliefs. Authoritative styles tend to lead to above-average scores in positive affects and aggressive beliefs. In addition, one in five people educated according to a permissive style returns a high negative af-fect score, and one in four people educated according to a neglectful style yields high scores in aggressive beliefs. Finally, parenting styles were found to have a direct effect on aggressive beliefs, an effect enhanced by the me-diating role played by affects. In conclusion, the study suggests that parent-ing styles are related to aggressive beliefs and affects. In addition, affects were shown to play a mediating role in the relationship between parenting styles and aggressive beliefs. Finally, it is worth emphasising that, owing to the far-reaching implications of parenting styles on the psychological, so-cial and personal development of the individual, more research needs to be undertaken, not only to examine their relationship with affects and aggres-sive beliefs, but also with other psychological variables involved in person-al development.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Educação Infantil , Poder Familiar , Violência , Psicologia da Criança , Psicologia Educacional
8.
An. psicol ; 40(1): 139-149, Ene-Abri, 2024. graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229036

RESUMO

En el marco del acogimiento residencial, se ha desarrollado el programa Familias Colaboradoras con el fin de que los niños, niñas y adolescentes tutelados puedan disfrutar de períodos de convivencia en un ambiente familiar positivo, que les genere beneficios y complemente su atención residencial. En este trabajo, a través del instrumento Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), estudiamos el ajuste psicológico de 37 menores de edad en acogimiento residencial con familias colaboradoras, contrastando las valoraciones de 185 informantes: los propios menores de edad, sus familias colaboradoras, los profesionales de referencia del centro, así como un grupo de comparación de iguales sin familias colaboradoras y sus profesionales de referencia. Además, analizamos si el ajuste psicológico de estas personas menores se relaciona con variables personales y la valoración que hacen de la colaboración familiar. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre el ajuste psicológico valorado por los distintos informantes. Además, los menores de edad con familias colaboradoras tendieron a mostrar un mejor ajuste psicológico frente al grupo de comparación, con tamaños de efecto considerables. Se encontraron también relaciones significativas entre el ajuste psicológico y la valoración de los menores sobre la colaboración familiar. Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones prácticas para el desarrollo del programa.(AU)


In residential care, programs such as Collaborating Families have been developed so that children and adolescents can experience periods of cohabitation in a positive family environment, which generates benefits for them and complements their residential care. The present study used the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ) to study the psychological ad-justment of 37 children and adolescents in residential care with collaborat-ing families, comparing the assessments of 185 informants: the children themselves, their collaborating families, their caregivers at the protection center, as well as a comparison group of peers without collaborating fami-lies and their caregivers. In addition, this study analyzed whether the psy-chological adjustment of these children is related to some of their personal variables and their experience in family collaboration. The results showed significant differences between the psychological adjustment assessed by the different informants. Also, children with collaborating families tended to present a better psychological adjustment compared to the comparison group, with considerable effect sizes. Moreover, significant relationships were found between psychological adjustment and the children’s ratings about their family collaboration. Finally, some practical implications for the development of the program are discussed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Ajustamento Emocional , Psicologia da Criança , Criança Adotada , Jovens em Situação de Rua , Adoção
9.
Pap. psicol ; 45(1): 39-47, Ene-Abr, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229715

RESUMO

El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el funcionamiento familiar en familias con niños con una enfermedad poco frecuente. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, EBSCO y Google Académico, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a los artículos 460 encontrados inicialmente, un total de 55 artículos conformaron la muestra final. A partir del análisis de los resultados se establecieron las siguientes temáticas abordadas en relación al funcionameinto familiar: impacto del diagnóstico; función y responsabilidades del cuidador; funcionamiento familiar; impacto en la esfera emocional; efectos en la vida conyugal y social; estrategias de afrontamiento; familia, cuidados y sistema de salud. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden proporcionar una justificación para considerar los factores asociados al funcionamiento familiar al momento de dar el diagnóstico de una EPOF y pensar un tratamiento.(AU)


The present study is a systematic review of the research on family functioning in families who have a child with a rare disease. The research was carried out using the databases Pubmed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the 460 articles initially found, a total of 55 articles made up the final sample. The following topics regarding family functioning were identified: impact of diagnosis; caregiver’s role and responsibilities; family functioning; impact on the emotional sphere; effects on marital and social life; coping strategies; family, and care and health system. The results of this study may provide justification for considering factors associated with family functioning when diagnosing a rare disease and deciding on treatment.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Cuidadores/psicologia , Psicologia , Doenças Raras , Família/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica
10.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 35(2): 87-94, Mar-Abr. 2024. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231279

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivos: Los ependimomas de fosa posterior de tipo lateral son un subtipo clínico e histológico característico, con un pronóstico poco favorable. Su incidencia es baja y su manejo quirúrgico es particularmente complejo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar nuestra serie de ependimomas de fosa posterior de tipo lateral y contrastar nuestros resultados con la literatura disponible. Materiales y métodos: Sobre una muestra de 30 ependimomas intervenidos en neurocirugía pediátrica en los últimos 10 años, se identifican 7 casos de ependimomas de tipo lateral de la fosa posterior. Sobre esta serie de casos se realiza un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Resultados: La edad media de nuestros pacientes al diagnóstico fue de 3,75 años. Seis se presentaron con hidrocefalia. El volumen tumoral medio al diagnóstico fue de 61cm3. En 6 casos se llevó a cabo una resección completa y en un caso una resección casi completa. Cinco pacientes precisaron de forma transitoria una traqueostomía y una gastrostomía. La media de seguimiento fue de 58 meses. Durante este tiempo se produjo un caso de recidiva que posteriormente evolucionó a muerte. Cuatro casos de hidrocefalia posquirúrgica precisaron una derivación ventriculoperitoneal de LCR y 2 casos fueron manejados con ventriculostomía endoscópica. En la última revisión en consulta 4 pacientes llevaban una vida normal y 2 mostraban una restricción leve de la actividad de acuerdo con la escala de Lansky. Conclusiones: El objetivo del tratamiento quirúrgico de los ependimomas de tipo lateral de fosa posterior es la resección completa. Los déficits asociados a la disfunción de los pares bajos en nuestra serie fueron muy frecuentes pero transitorios. La progresiva caracterización molecular de estos tumores puede identificar diferentes grupos de riesgo sobre los que dirigir de forma adecuada la intensidad de los tratamientos adyuvantes.(AU)


Background and aims: Lateral-type posterior fossa ependymomas are a well-defined subtype of tumors both clinically and pathologically, with a poor prognosis. Their incidence is low and surgical management is challenging. The objective of the present work is to review our series of lateral-tye posterior fossa ependymomas and compare our results with those of previous series. Materials and methods: Among 30 cases of ependymoma operated in our pediatric department in the last 10 years, we identified seven cases of lateral-type posterior fossa ependymomas. We then performed a retrospective, descriptive study. Results: Mean age of our patients was 3.75 years. Six cases presented with hydrocephalus. Mean tumor volume at diagnosis was 61cc. A complete resection was achieved in six cases and a near-total resection in one patient. Five patients transiently required a gastrostomy and a tracheostomy. Mean follow-up was 58 months. One case progressed along this period and eventually died. Four cases of hydrocephalus required a ventriculoperitoneal CSF shunt and two were managed with a third ventriculostomy. At last follow-up four patients carried a normal life and two displayed a mild restriction according to Lansky's scale. Conclusions: The aim of surgical treatment in lateral-type posterior fossa ependymomas is complete resection. Neurological deficits associated to lower cranial nerve dysfunction are common but transient. Deeper genetic characterization of these tumors may identify risk factors that guide stratification of adjuvant therapies.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ependimoma/cirurgia , Sobrevivência , Ângulo Cerebelopontino , Glioma/tratamento farmacológico , Glioma/cirurgia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neurocirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Pediatria
11.
Acta otorrinolaringol. esp ; 75(2): 83-93, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231380

RESUMO

Introducción: La hipoacusia neurosensorial (HNS) congénita o de inicio precoz es una de las enfermedades hereditarias más frecuentes en nuestro medio y es la deficiencia sensorial más frecuente. Es importante realizar un estudio etiológico de la hipoacusia y el estudio genético mediante la secuenciación de nueva generación (NGS) es la prueba con mayor rendimiento diagnóstico. Nuestro estudio muestra los resultados genéticos obtenidos en una serie de pacientes con HNS congénita/de inicio precoz bilateral. Material y método: Se incluyeron 105 niños diagnosticados de HNS bilateral a los que se les realizó un estudio genético entre los años 2019 y 2022. El estudio genético consistió en una secuenciación masiva del exoma completo, filtrando el análisis para los genes incluidos en un panel virtual de hipoacusia con 244 genes. Resultados: Se obtuvo un diagnóstico genético en 48% (50/105) de los pacientes. Se detectaron variantes patogénicas y probablemente patogénicas en 26 genes diferentes, siendo los genes más frecuentemente afectados el gen GJB2, USH2A y STRC. De las variantes detectadas 52% (26/50) se asociaron a una hipoacusia no sindrómica, 40% (20/50) una hipoacusia sindrómica y 8% restante (4/50) se podían asociar tanto a una hipoacusia sindrómica como no sindrómica. Conclusiones: El estudio genético constituye una parte fundamental del diagnóstico etiológico de la HNS bilateral. Nuestra serie muestra que el estudio genético de la hipoacusia mediante NGS tiene un alto rendimiento diagnóstico y nos proporciona información de gran utilidad en la práctica clínica.(AU)


Introduction: Congenital/early-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common hereditary disorders in our environment. There is increasing awareness of the importance of an etiologic diagnosis, and genetic testing with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the highest diagnostic yield. Our study shows the genetic results obtained in a cohort of patients with bilateral congenital/early-onset SNHL. Materials and methods: We included 105 children with bilateral SNHL that received genetic testing between 2019 and 2022. Genetic tests were performed with whole exome sequencing, analyzing genes related to hearing loss (virtual panel with 244 genes). Results: 48% (50/105) of patients were genetically diagnosed. We identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 26 different genes, and the most frequently mutated genes were GJB2, USH2A and STRC. 52% (26/50) of variants identified produced non-syndromic hearing loss, 40% (20/50) produced syndromic hearing loss, and the resting 8% (4/50) could produce both non-syndromic and syndromic hearing loss. Conclusions: Genetic testing plays a vital role in the etiologic diagnosis of bilateral SNHL. Our cohort shows that genetic testing with NGS has a high diagnostic yield and can provide useful information for the clinical workup of patients.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/diagnóstico , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/etiologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Implantação , Otolaringologia , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
12.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 66(2): 181-185, Mar.- Abr. 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-231519

RESUMO

La radiología intervencionista pediátrica es una subespecialidad dinámica y en crecimiento. Las nuevas vías de formación en radiología intervencionista, el mantenimiento de las competencias con un pequeño volumen de casos o procedimientos complejos, la disponibilidad limitada de equipos y material pediátrico específico, los efectos de la sedación o de la anestesia sobre el neurodesarrollo y la protección radiológica suponen importantes retos y oportunidades.(AU)


Pediatric interventional radiology is a dynamic and growing subspecialty. The new training pathways in interventional radiology, the maintenance of skills with a small volume of cases or complex procedures, the limited availability of specific pediatric equipment and materials, the effects of sedation or anesthesia on neurodevelopment or radiological on neurodevelopment or radiation protection pose significant challenges and opportunities.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Radiologia Intervencionista/normas , Pediatria , Competência Clínica , Sociedades Médicas , Capacitação Profissional , Radiologia , Radiologia Intervencionista/história , Radiologia Intervencionista
13.
Nefrología (Madrid) ; 44(2): 194-203, Mar-Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231569

RESUMO

Introduction and objectives: Diabetes, dyslipidemia, older age, gender, urinary tract infections, and recent antibiotic intake have been associated with a decrease in the urobiome richness and other fluctuations in this microbiome. Gut and blood microbiome have been reported to be altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and specifically in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Still, there are currently no studies describing the urogenital microbiome in CKD-PD patients. In this study we characterized the urobiome profile in 46 PD patients and analyzed its clinical and inflammatory parameters. Materials and methods: Mid-stream urine, fecal and blood samples were collected from 46 patients undergoing PD at Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ) in Porto, Portugal. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 years old, inability to give informed consent, history of infection in the last three months, and antibiotic intake in the last three months. The microbiome communities were analyzed by amplification and sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Correlations with the patients’ clinical data and inflammatory profile were performed. Results: CKD-PD patients presented a unique urobiome profile dominated by Bacillota, Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota and characterized by a lower Shannon diversity than fecal and blood microbiome. The taxonomic profiles of urogenital samples were organized in multiple subtypes dominated by populations of Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, being similar to other non-PD-CKD patients. Gender, sCD14, residual diuresis and history of peritonitis were significantly associated to variations in the urobiome. Although not reaching statistical significance, diabetes and the time on PD also showed association with particular taxonomic groups... (AU)


Introducción y objetivos: Diabetes, dislipemia, edad avanzada, género, infecciones del tracto urinario y toma reciente de antibióticos, entre otras, se han asociado a una disminución en la riqueza del urobioma y a otras fluctuaciones de dicho microbioma.Recientemente, se han descrito alteraciones en losmicrobiomas intestinal y en sangreen pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y, específicamente, en pacientes en diálisis peritoneal (DP).A pesar de ello, aún no existen estudios que describan el microbioma urogenital en pacientes en DP. En el presente trabajo, caracterizamos el urobioma en 46 pacientes en DP. Pacientes y métodos: Se recogieron muestras de orina (micción espontánea), heces y sangre de 46 pacientes en DP del Centro HospitalarUniversitário de São João en Oporto, Portugal. Los criterios de exclusión fueron edad menor a 18 años, incapacidad para entenderel consentimiento informado, e historia de infección y toma de antibióticos en los últimos 3 meses. Las comunidades microbiológicas fueron analizadas por amplificación y secuenciación de las regiones V3-V4 del 16S rRNA bacteriano. Se realizaron correlaciones con los datos clínicos y el perfil inflamatorio de los pacientes. Resultados: Los pacientes en DP presentaron un urobioma único dominado por Bacillota, Actinomycetota yPseudomonadota, y caracterizado por una menor diversidad de Shannon que los microbiomas en sangre e intestinal. Los perfiles taxonómicos de las muestras urogenitales se organizaron en múltiples subtipos dominados por poblaciones de Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Prevotella, Escherichia-Shigella, siendo similar al descrito para otros pacientes con ERC no en DP.Género, factor sCD14, diuresis residual yantecedentes de peritonitis se asociaron de forma significativa a cambios en el urobioma... (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Microbiota , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Diálise Peritoneal , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , /urina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/urina , Portugal
14.
Rev. esp. quimioter ; 37(2): 1-6, abr. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-ADZ-260

RESUMO

Introducción. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la prevalencia de infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en la población pediátrica de nuestro departamento de salud, describir los factores de riesgo para infección por SARM frente a las producidas por S. aureus sensible a meticilina (SASM) y conocer el perfil de sensibilidad antibiótica de los aislados de SARM y SASM. Pacientes y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo y analítico de las infecciones producidas por SARM frente a las producidas por SASM durante los años 2014 al 2018. Se estudiaron las variables predictoras de SARM mediante un modelo de regresión logística binaria. Resultados. Se identificaron 162 pacientes con infecciones por S. aureus, 15,4% resistentes a meticilina. Los porcentajes mayores de infección por SARM se dieron entre los niños que precisaron ingreso hospitalario (23,4%). En el análisis univariante alcanzaron significación estadística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario, el antecedente de haber recibido tratamiento antibiótico en los 3 meses previos, el tipo de infección y el antecedente de infección o colonización previa por SARM. En el modelo de regresión logística la necesidad de ingreso hospitalario y el tratamiento antibiótico reciente mantuvieron significación estadística. Solo recibieron tratamiento antibiótico correcto el 26,7% de los niños que ingresaron con infección por SARM. Conclusiones. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de revisar las pautas de tratamiento empírico usando fármacos activos frente a SARM en las infecciones de probable origen estafilocócico que ingresen en el hospital en niños sobre todo si han recibido tratamiento antibiótico reciente. (AU)


Introduction. The objectives of this work were to know the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in the paediatric population of our health department, to describe the risk factors for infection by MRSA compared to those produced by methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and to know the antibiotic sensitivity profile of MRSA and MSSA isolates. Material and methods. A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of infections produced by MRSA versus those produced by MSSA was carried out during the years 2014 to 2018. Risk factors for MRSA infection were studied using a binary logistic regression model. Results, 162 patients with S. aureus infections were identified. Of these, 25 (15.4%) were MRSA. The highest percentages of MRSA infection occurred among children who required hospital admission (23.4%). In the univariate analysis the need of hospital admission, antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months, the kind of infection and past MRSA infection or colonisation reached statistical significance. However, only the need of hospital admission and antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months maintained statistical significance in the binary logistic regression model. Correct antibiotic treatment was only prescribed in 26.7% of the MRSA infection cases admitted to the hospital. Conclusions. Our results suggest the need to review empirical local treatment regimen using drugs active against MRSA in infections of probable staphylococcal origin admitted to the hospital, especially if they have received antibiotic treatment in the last 3 months. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Staphylococcus aureus , Resistência a Meticilina , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Hospitalização , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epidemiologia Descritiva
15.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 219-225, Abr. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-VR-224

RESUMO

Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47,7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44,4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo «dormía bien», pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75,7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16,3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5 y 30,5%, respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia.(AU)


Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Incidência , Qualidade de Vida , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha
16.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1261008, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425754

RESUMO

Background: Previous studies showed that per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely found in the environment, can disrupt endocrine homeostasis when they enter the human body. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate current human epidemiological evidence on the relationship between PFAS exposure and glucolipid metabolism in childhood and adolescence. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, and identified population-based epidemiological studies related to PFAS and glucolipid metabolism indexes that were published before 30 December 2022. The heterogeneity of the included literature was assessed using the I-square (I2) test and statistics Q. Random-effects and fixed-effects models were used to combine the effect size. Subgroup analysis based on age and sex of the study participants was performed. A sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate the robustness and reliability of the combined results. Egger's and Begg's tests were used to analyze publication bias. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in this analysis. There was a positive association between PFAS and TC (ß = 1.110, 95% CI: 0.601, 1.610) and LDL (ß = 1.900, 95% CI: 1.030, 2.770), and a negative association between PFAS and HOMA-IR in children and adolescents (ß = -0.130, 95% CI: -0. 200, -0.059). PFOS was significant positive associated with TC (ß = 8.22, 95% CI: 3.93, 12.51), LDL (ß = (12.04, 95% CI: 5.08, 18.99), and HOMA-IR (ß = -0.165, 95% CI: -0.292, -0.038). Subgroup analysis showed that exposure to PFAS in the adolescent group was positively associated with TC and LDL levels, and the relationship was stronger in females. Conclusion: PFAS exposure is associated with glucolipid metabolism in children and adolescents. Among them, PFOS may play an important role. Recognition of environmental PFAS exposure is critical for stabilizing the glycolipid metabolism relationship during the growth and development of children and adolescents.


Assuntos
Fluorocarbonos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Fluorocarbonos/toxicidade , Homeostase , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Masculino
17.
Euro Surveill ; 29(9)2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426240

RESUMO

BackgroundChickenpox, a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the varicella zoster virus, generally presents with mild symptoms but can cause complications necessitating hospitalisation. In Poland, since 2009, vaccination has been obligatory for children up to 12 years of age who are particularly vulnerable to infection and for children in their vicinity.AimTo examine the burden of chickenpox complications and the trends of hospitalisation arising from these complications over time in the Polish population.MethodsData spanning 2006-21 were sourced from the Polish Infectious Diseases Surveillance System, the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study and the Statistics Poland death registry. Standardised and age-specific incidence rates, hospital discharge rates and number of deaths because of chickenpox were calculated. Moreover, the joinpoint regression model was used to analyse trends of annual hospital discharge rates.ResultsOver the analysed timeframe, 25,804 hospitalisations and 52 deaths attributable to chickenpox complications were documented, and 1.0% of chickenpox cases required hospitalisation because of chickenpox. Age-standardised hospitalisation rates varied between 2.3 and 9.6 per 100,000 population. The analysis revealed no statistically significant trend in overall hospital discharge rates from chickenpox complications. However, a notable increase in hospitalisation rates was observed in children aged 0-4 and among inhabitants of rural areas, with annual percentage changes of 4.9% and 3.4% respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the implementation of a universal chickenpox immunisation programme, supported by health education, should be considered to reduce the number of hospitalisations and nearly eliminate deaths because of chickenpox.


Assuntos
Varicela , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Varicela/epidemiologia , Vacina contra Varicela , Polônia/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Incidência , Sistema de Registros
18.
Euro Surveill ; 29(9)2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38426241

RESUMO

We report on an ongoing measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with 141 cases notified between week 52 2023 and week 6 2024. Among those with known vaccination status, 97% were unvaccinated and the most affected group is children under the age of 5 years (n = 87) who were not vaccinated during the pandemic years. Sixty-eight cases were hospitalised, the most common complications were measles-related pneumonia and diarrhoea. The sequenced measles viruses from four cases belonged to genotype D8.


Assuntos
Exantema , Sarampo , Criança , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Vacinação , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Sarampo/epidemiologia , Sarampo/prevenção & controle , Vírus do Sarampo/genética , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle
19.
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol ; 150(3): 109, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427078

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma (NB), a prevalent pediatric solid tumor, presents formidable challenges due to its high malignancy and intricate pathogenesis. The role of disulfidptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, remains poorly understood in the context of NB. METHODS: Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-identified disulfidptosis-related molecular subtypes in NB, differential gene analysis, survival analysis, and gene set variation analysis were conducted subsequently. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) selected modular genes most relevant to the disulfidptosis core pathways. Integration of machine learning approaches revealed the combination of the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Random Survival Forest (RSF) provided optimal dimensionality reduction of the modular genes. The resulting model was validated, and a nomogram assessed disulfidptosis characteristics in NB. Core genes were filtered and subjected to tumor phenotype and disulfidptosis-related experiments. RESULTS: GMM clustering revealed three distinct subtypes with diverse prognoses, showing significant variations in glucose metabolism, cytoskeletal structure, and tumor-related pathways. WGCNA highlighted the red module of genes highly correlated with disulfide isomerase activity, cytoskeleton formation, and glucose metabolism. The LASSO and RSF combination yielded the most accurate and stable prognostic model, with a significantly worse prognosis for high-scoring patients. Cytological experiments targeting core genes (CYFIP1, EMILIN1) revealed decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion abilities, and evident cytoskeletal deformation upon core gene knockdown. CONCLUSIONS: This study showcases the utility of disulfidptosis-related gene scores for predicting prognosis and molecular subtypes of NB. The identified core genes, CYFIP1 and EMILIN1, hold promise as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for NB.


Assuntos
Neuroblastoma , Criança , Humanos , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal , Apoptose , Proliferação de Células/genética , Glucose , Aprendizado de Máquina , Neuroblastoma/genética , Prognóstico
20.
Med Microbiol Immunol ; 213(1): 2, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38430452

RESUMO

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children and travelers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. ETEC is a non-invasive gut pathogen colonizing the small intestinal wall before secreting diarrhea-inducing enterotoxins. We sought to investigate the impact of ETEC infection on local and systemic host defenses by examining plasma markers of inflammation and mucosal injury as well as kynurenine pathway metabolites. Plasma samples from 21 volunteers experimentally infected with ETEC were collected before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after ingesting the ETEC dose, and grouped based on the level of intestinal ETEC proliferation: 14 volunteers experienced substantial proliferation (SP) and 7 had low proliferation (LP). Plasma markers of inflammation, kynurenine pathway metabolites, and related cofactors (vitamins B2 and B6) were quantified using targeted mass spectrometry, whereas ELISA was used to quantify the mucosal injury markers, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3a), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (iFABP). We observed increased concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR), and Reg3a in the SP group following dose ingestion. Vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal, decreased over time in the SP group. CRP, SAA, and pyridoxic acid ratio correlated with ETEC proliferation levels. The changes following experimental ETEC infection indicate that ETEC, despite causing a non-invasive infection, induces systemic inflammation and mucosal injury when proliferating substantially, even in cases without diarrhea. It is conceivable that ETEC infections, especially when repeated, contribute to negative health impacts on children in ETEC endemic areas.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli Enterotoxigênica , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Criança , Humanos , Cinurenina , Diarreia , Inflamação , Piridoxal
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