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1.
J Vis Exp ; (204)2024 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38436295

RESUMO

The study aims to explore the risk factors for pathological escalation after endoscopic surgery for gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and to establish and evaluate a risk prediction model for LGIN. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with gastric LGIN by biopsy and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) between November 2020 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Gender, age, Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, lesion size, lesion location, morphology, gastric mucosal congestion, nodules status, surface ulceration and erosion, and ME-observation of all patients were collected and divided into upgraded and non-upgraded groups according to the biopsy and ESD postoperative pathological diagnosis results. Independent risk factors for pathological escalation after ESD surgical treatment were screened by logistic regression analysis, and a risk prediction model was established. Among the 120 patients with gastric LGIN, 49 patients developed postoperative pathological upgrading; the rate of pathological upgrading was 40.83%. Among them, 42 patients were upgraded to high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), 1 case was upgraded to advanced gastric cancer, and 6 cases were upgraded to early gastric carcinoma (EGC). Univariate analysis showed that age, lesion size, gastric mucosal congestion, surface ulcers, and erosion were significantly different between the groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥60 years, focal length ≥2 cm, gastric mucosal congestion, and surface ulceration and erosion were independent risk factors for postoperative pathological escalation in patients with gastric LGIN. Final joint probability forecasting model for P = 1/[1 + e(26.515-0.161 x ß1-0.357 x ß2+0.039 x ß3-0.269 x ß4)]. Age, lesion size ≥2 cm, gastric mucosal congestion, and lesion surface ulceration and erosion are risk factors for postoperative pathological upgrading in patients with gastric LGIN. The risk prediction model established in this study based on risk factors has predictive value and can provide a scientific reference for the clinical treatment of patients with gastric LGIN.


Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Fatores de Risco
2.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(9): e36335, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428882

RESUMO

The ABC classification, which categorizes gastric cancer risk based on serum Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) antibody and pepsinogen levels, has a limitation of potentially misclassifying high-risk individuals as low risk. To overcome the problem, we previously developed a 4-parameter predictive formula (age, serum H pylori antibody, PGI, and PGII) using logistic regression analysis to accurately identify low-risk truly H pylori-uninfected status. Our predictive formula demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing between low-risk truly uninfected individuals and high-risk currently/spontaneously eradicated status individuals, compared to the modified ABC classification based on latex immunoassay kits (traditional 3-parameter model). This study aimed to revalidate the diagnostic accuracy of the predictive formula in a new and different study population. We applied the predictive formula to the target population and compared the sensitivity and specificity with those of the traditional 3-parameter model. A total of 788 enrollees were analyzed: 703 were classified as truly uninfected, 45 as currently infected, and 40 as spontaneously eradicated according to the results of stool antigen testing and endoscopic findings. The sensitivities and specificities of the predictive formula and the traditional 3-parameter model were 89.5% and 87.1% versus 89.8% and 80.0%, respectively. The specificity of the predictive formula was superior in the 70 to 89 age range and H pylori antibody < 3 U/mL groups. The predictive formula had higher specificity than the traditional 3-parameter model. The results should contribute to efficient gastric cancer screening by predicting H pylori infection status.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Pepsinogênio A
4.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol ; 14: 1342913, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38469348

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the predominant pathogen causing chronic gastric mucosal infections globally. During the period from 2011 to 2022, the global prevalence of H. pylori infection was estimated at 43.1%, while in China, it was slightly higher at approximately 44.2%. Persistent colonization by H. pylori can lead to gastritis, peptic ulcers, and malignancies such as mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinomas. Despite eliciting robust immune responses from the host, H. pylori thrives in the gastric mucosa by modulating host immunity, particularly by altering the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, and dampening inflammatory responses adverse to its survival, posing challenges to clinical management. The interaction between H. pylori and host immune defenses is intricate, involving evasion of host recognition by modifying surface molecules, manipulating macrophage functionality, and modulating T cell responses to evade immune surveillance. This review analyzes the immunopathogenic and immune evasion mechanisms of H. pylori, underscoring the importance of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing effective treatment strategies, and discusses how the development of vaccines against H. pylori offers new hope for eradicating such infections.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Imunidade Adaptativa , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Evasão da Resposta Imune , Linfócitos T , Imunidade Inata
5.
Nutrients ; 16(5)2024 Feb 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38474790

RESUMO

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells, resulting in hypochlorhydria and eventual achlorhydria, as oxyntic glands in the corpus are destroyed and become atrophic. The permanent loss of gastric acid has many impacts-both theoretical and documented. The most concerning of these are hypergastrinemia and increased N-nitroso compounds, both of which increase the risk of gastric cancers. While known deficiencies of B12 and iron are often replaced in AIG, acid is not. Moreover, patients with AIG are often prescribed acid suppression for a stomach that is decidedly no longer acidic, worsening the sequelae of gastric atrophy. Betaine hydrochloride (BHCL) is a short-acting acidifying agent, available over the counter in capsule form. Mealtime acid supplementation has an historic basis and could ameliorate many AIG-related gastrointestinal symptoms. Theoretically, acidification could also reduce the potential for hypergastrinemia and the production of N-nitroso compounds, consequently reducing the risk of gastric cancers. Supplemental vitamin C may also help in preventing gastric N-nitroso formation, regardless of the gastric pH. This narrative review describes the functions of gastric acid in gastrointestinal and immune health, documents the effects of hypochlorhydria in AIG, and proposes potential options for safely re-establishing the acid milieu of the stomach for patients with AIG.


Assuntos
Acloridria , Doenças Autoimunes , Gastrite Atrófica , Gastrite , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicações , Gastrite Atrófica/complicações , Gastrite Atrófica/diagnóstico , Mucosa Gástrica , Compostos Nitrosos
7.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol ; 484: 116880, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38447874

RESUMO

Gastric ulcer (GU) is a serious upper gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects people worldwide. The drugs now available for GU treatment have a high rate of relapses and drug interactions, as well as mild to severe side effects. As a result, new natural therapeutic medications for treating GU with fewer negative side effects are desperately needed. Because of quercetin's (QCT) diverse pharmacological effects and unique structural features, we decided to semi-synthesize new QCT derivatives and test them for antiulcer activity. Docking assays were performed on the synthesized compounds to determine their affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR, and NF-κB domains, an important inflammatory pathway involved in GU development and progression. Mice were given oral famotidine (40 mg/kg/day), QCT, QCT pentamethyl (QPM), or QCT pentaacetyl (QPA) (50 mg/kg/day) for 5 days before GU induction by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (INDO; 18 mg/kg). QPM and QPA have a stronger binding affinity for TLR-4/MD-2, MyD88/TIR and NF-κB domains than QCT. In comparison, they demonstrated the greatest reduction in ulcer score and index, gastric MDA and nitric oxide (NO) contents, MyD88 and NF-κB expressions, and gastric TLR-4 immunostaining. They also enhanced the levels of GSH, CAT, COX-1, and COX-2 in the gastric mucosa, as well as HO-1 and Nrf2 expression, with histological regression in gastric mucosal lesions, with QPA-treated mice demonstrating the best GU healing. QPA is safe against all of the target organs and adverse pathways studied, with good ADME properties. However, further in vitro experiments are necessary to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of QPM and QPA on the protein targets of interest. In addition, preclinical research on its bioavailability and safety is essential before clinical management can be undertaken. Overall, the new QPA derivative could one day serve as the basis for a new class of potential antiulcer drugs.


Assuntos
Indometacina , Úlcera Gástrica , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Indometacina/toxicidade , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Quercetina/farmacologia , Quercetina/uso terapêutico , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Úlcera/metabolismo , Úlcera/patologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia
9.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 6193, 2024 03 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38486044

RESUMO

Gastric ulcers are a type of digestive disease that can severely affect a person's quality of life. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, with the purpose of providing more comprehensive information on the topic. The study looked at various factors such as gastric ulcer index, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in stomach tissue. To investigate apoptosis, the mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase 3 were analyzed. The results showed that fish oil can reduce gastric acidity and the gastric ulcer index in cases of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. It was found that fish oil can increase NO levels and improve the anti-apoptotic system by increasing the expression of Bcl-2 while decreasing the expression of Bax and Caspase 3. In general, the study demonstrates that fish oil can protect the stomach from ethanol-induced damage by reducing the apoptosis pathway via nitric oxide.


Assuntos
Úlcera Gástrica , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Etanol/toxicidade , Etanol/metabolismo , Óleos de Peixe/efeitos adversos , Qualidade de Vida , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo , Apoptose
10.
Helicobacter ; 29(2): e13070, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38514917

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The characteristic endoscopic findings of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) gastritis, including white marbled appearance and crack-like mucosa, have been reported. However, these findings can also manifest in H. pylori (HP)-infected gastritis. This study compared NHPH gastritis and mild atrophic HP gastritis to identify features that may enhance NHPH diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2087 patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were histologically evaluated by multiple gastric mucosal biopsies according to the updated Sydney System (USS) at Shinshu University Hospital between 2005 and 2023. Among them, nine patients were classified into the NHPH group and 134 patients with HP infection and mild atrophy were classified into the HP group for retrospective comparisons of endoscopic findings and clinicopathological characteristics. RESULTS: All nine patients in the NHPH group (eight males [89%], median ± standard deviation [SD] age: 49 ± 13.0 years) were infected with H. suis. The 134 patients in the HP group contained 70 men (52%) and had a median ± SD age of 35 ± 19.9 years. Endoscopic findings were statistically comparable for white marbled appearance (three patients [33%] in the NHPH group and 37 patients [31%] in the HP group) and crack-like mucosa (three patients [33%] and 27 patients [20%], respectively). Diffuse redness was significantly less frequent in the NHPH group (one patient [14%] vs. 97 patients [72%], p < 0.001). White marbled appearance or crack-like mucosa without diffuse redness was significantly more common in the NHPH group (56% vs. 13%, p = 0.004), with a sensitivity and specificity of 56% and 87%, respectively. Mean USS neutrophil infiltration and Helicobacter density scores were significantly higher in the HP group (both p < 0.01), which might have influenced the endoscopic findings of diffuse redness. CONCLUSIONS: When endoscopic findings of white marbled appearance or cracked-like mucosa are present, evaluation for diffuse redness may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis of NHPH gastritis.


Assuntos
Gastrite , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Helicobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Gastrite/diagnóstico , Gastrite/patologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia
12.
World J Gastroenterol ; 30(7): 673-684, 2024 Feb 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38515955

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastric cystica profunda (GCP) represents a rare condition characterized by cystic dilation of gastric glands within the mucosal and/or submucosal layers. GCP is often linked to, or may progress into, early gastric cancer (EGC). AIM: To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the endoscopic features of GCP while assessing the efficacy of endoscopic treatment, thereby offering guidance for diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 104 patients with GCP who underwent endoscopic resection. Alongside demographic and clinical data, regular patient follow-ups were conducted to assess local recurrence. RESULTS: Among the 104 patients diagnosed with GCP who underwent endoscopic resection, 12.5% had a history of previous gastric procedures. The primary site predominantly affected was the cardia (38.5%, n = 40). GCP commonly exhibited intraluminal growth (99%), regular presentation (74.0%), and ulcerative mucosa (61.5%). The leading endoscopic feature was the mucosal lesion type (59.6%, n = 62). The average maximum diameter was 20.9 ± 15.3 mm, with mucosal involvement in 60.6% (n = 63). Procedures lasted 73.9 ± 57.5 min, achieving complete resection in 91.3% (n = 95). Recurrence (4.8%) was managed via either surgical intervention (n = 1) or through endoscopic resection (n = 4). Final pathology confirmed that 59.6% of GCP cases were associated with EGC. Univariate analysis indicated that elderly males were more susceptible to GCP associated with EGC. Conversely, multivariate analysis identified lesion morphology and endoscopic features as significant risk factors. Survival analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference in recurrence between GCP with and without EGC (P = 0.72). CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that endoscopic resection might serve as an effective and minimally invasive treatment for GCP with or without EGC.


Assuntos
Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa , Neoplasias Gástricas , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Endoscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Mucosa Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Ressecção Endoscópica de Mucosa/métodos , Gastroscopia/métodos
13.
Vet Res ; 55(1): 15, 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38317242

RESUMO

This study investigated the role of causative infectious agents in ulceration of the non-glandular part of the porcine stomach (pars oesophagea). In total, 150 stomachs from slaughter pigs were included, 75 from pigs that received a meal feed, 75 from pigs that received an equivalent pelleted feed with a smaller particle size. The pars oesophagea was macroscopically examined after slaughter. (q)PCR assays for H. suis, F. gastrosuis and H. pylori-like organisms were performed, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing for pars oesophagea microbiome analyses. All 150 pig stomachs showed lesions. F. gastrosuis was detected in 115 cases (77%) and H. suis in 117 cases (78%), with 92 cases (61%) of co-infection; H. pylori-like organisms were detected in one case. Higher infectious loads of H. suis increased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.14, p = 0.038), while the presence of H. suis infection in the pyloric gland zone increased the probability of pars oesophageal erosions [16.4% (95% CI 0.6-32.2%)]. The causal effect of H. suis was mediated by decreased pars oesophageal microbiome diversity [-1.9% (95% CI - 5.0-1.2%)], increased abundances of Veillonella and Campylobacter spp., and decreased abundances of Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. Higher infectious loads of F. gastrosuis in the pars oesophagea decreased the odds of severe gastric lesions (OR = 0.8, p = 0.0014). Feed pelleting had no significant impact on the prevalence of severe gastric lesions (OR = 1.72, p = 0.28). H. suis infections are a risk factor for ulceration of the porcine pars oesophagea, probably mediated through alterations in pars oesophageal microbiome diversity and composition.


Assuntos
Fusobacterium , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter heilmannii , Microbiota , Úlcera Gástrica , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Úlcera Gástrica/microbiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Doenças dos Suínos/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/veterinária , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica
14.
Gastric Cancer ; 27(2): 324-342, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38310631

RESUMO

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) has been designated a class I carcinogen and is closely associated with severe gastric diseases. During colonization in the gastric mucosa, H. pylori develops immune escape by inducing host immune tolerance. The gastric epithelium acts as the first line of defense against H. pylori, with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in gastric epithelial cells being sensitive to H. pylori components and subsequently activating the innate immune system. However, the mechanism of immune tolerance induced by H. pylori through the TLR signalling pathway has not been fully elucidated. In this research, we detected the expression of TLRs and inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells upon sustained exposure to H. pylori or H. pylori lysate from 1 to 30 generations and in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori for 5 to 90 weeks. We found that the levels of TLR6 and inflammatory cytokines first increased and then dropped during the course of H. pylori treatment in vitro and in vivo. The restoration of TLR6 potentiated the expression of IL-1ß and IL-8 in GES-1 cells, which recruited neutrophils and reduced the colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa of gerbils. Mechanistically, we found that persistent infection with H. pylori reduces the sensitivity of TLR6 to bacterial components and regulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in GES-1 cells through TLR6/JNK signaling. The TLR6 agonist obviously alleviated inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Promising results suggest that TLR6 may be a potential candidate immunotherapy drug for H. pylori infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Animais , Humanos , Receptor 6 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Gerbillinae , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo
15.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4592, 2024 02 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38409310

RESUMO

Endoscopic resection techniques require the use of submucosal injection. Normal saline and sodium hyaluronate solutions are mainly used for this purpose, but an ideal solution has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to assess a new solution, MC-003-a novel submucosal injection solution developed with sodium alginate as the main ingredient. Normal saline, a commercial sodium hyaluronate solution (Endo-Ease), and MC-003 were examined. A total of 18 gastric submucosal cushions were created in the stomachs of six pigs. The height of mucosal elevation was measured sequentially using endoscopic sonography. After euthanizing the animals either 2 h or 5 days after the procedure, pathologic examination was performed for each injection site. Although not statistically significant over the entire study period, MC-003 showed a superior result to normal saline and an equivalent result to Endo-Ease in the submucosal cushion height and its rate of decrease. There were no adverse outcomes after injection of the three solutions and there was no pathologically identified detrimental change in the resected specimens. MC-003 creates a sufficient submucosal fluid cushion without apparent tissue damage. It can be considered as an effective submucosal injection material.


Assuntos
Ácido Hialurônico , Solução Salina , Suínos , Animais , Alginatos , Endoscopia/métodos , Injeções , Mucosa Gástrica/cirurgia
16.
Int J Oncol ; 64(3)2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299264

RESUMO

Gastric cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While the incidence of gastric cancer in Western countries has notably diminished over the past century, it continues to be a leading cause of cancer­related mortality on a global scale. The majority of gastric cancers in humans are attributed to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and the progression of gastric cancer is often preceded by gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer remain ambiguous, including the formation of gastric polyps and precancerous lesions. In humans, two types of precancerous metaplasia have been identified in relation to gastric malignancies: Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide­expressing metaplasia (SPEM). The role of SPEM in the induction of gastric cancer has gained recent attention and its link with early­stage human gastric cancer is increasingly evident. To gain insight into SPEM, the present study reviewed the role and research progress of SPEM in gastric cancer.


Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Peptídeos , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Metaplasia
18.
Minerva Cardiol Angiol ; 72(1): 56-66, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38349127

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gastric protection is commonly considered in patients who use medications able to damage gastric mucosa, mainly NSAIDs, antiplatelets, and anticoagulants. Therefore, cardiologists may frequently prescribe drugs to protect the stomach from damaging medications. The present survey investigated the attitude toward using gastric protection by a panel of Italian cardiologists. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire included three sections concerning practical problems on this issue in clinical practice facing patients with cardiological disorders. The questionnaire was administered in three successive months. RESULTS: Ninety Italian cardiologists completed the questionnaire. They all consider gastric protection, mainly when prescribing potentially noxious medications. Usually, cardiologists prescribe proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in 60% of their patients. Alginates and mucosal protectors are less considered. As a rule, cardiologists request investigations if the initial treatment fails. Moreover, the safety issue is carefully assessed. Furthermore, this survey experience significantly affected the approach to managing patients who require gastric protection. The participants carefully considered the prescriptive appropriateness of gastric protectors, mainly concerning the PPIs use. Consequently, PPIs were discontinued when inappropriate. A new medical device with triple action (antacid, mucosal protectors, and anti-reflux) contributed to this new attitude. CONCLUSIONS: The present survey underscored that the appropriateness in prescribing gastric protectors is clinically relevant. In addition, a longitudinal survey experience contributed to change the practical approach by highlighting the prescriptive appropriateness of PPIs, and using a new medical device with multiple gastroprotective activities.


Assuntos
Antiulcerosos , Humanos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Mucosa Gástrica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Itália
19.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0298442, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38329956

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infections are generally acquired during childhood and affect half of the global population, but its transmission route remains unclear. It is reported that H. pylori can be internalized into Candida, but more evidence is needed for the internalization of H. pylori in human gastrointestinal Candida and vaginal Candida. METHODS: Candida was isolated from vaginal discharge and gastric mucosa biopsies. We PCR-amplified and sequenced H. pylori-specific genes from Candida genomic DNA. Using optical and immunofluorescence microscopy, we identified and observed bacteria-like bodies (BLBs) in Candida isolates and subcultures. Intracellular H. pylori antigen were detected by immunofluorescence using Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies. Urease activity in H. pylori internalized by Candida was detected by inoculating with urea-based Sabouraud dextrose agar, which changed the agar color from yellow to pink, indicating urease activity. RESULTS: A total of 59 vaginal Candida and two gastric Candida strains were isolated from vaginal discharge and gastric mucosa. Twenty-three isolates were positive for H. pylori 16S rDNA, 12 were positive for cagA and 21 were positive for ureA. The BLBs could be observed in Candida cells, which were positive for H. pylori 16S rDNA, and were viable determined by the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability kit. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibodies could be reacted specifically with H. pylori antigen inside Candida cells by immunofluorescence. Finally, H. pylori-positive Candida remained positive for H. pylori 16S rDNA even after ten subcultures. Urease activity of H. pylori internalized by Candida was positive. CONCLUSION: In the form of BLBs, H. pylori can internalize into gastric Candida and even vaginal Candida, which might have great significance in its transmission and pathogenicity.


Assuntos
Candidíase Vulvovaginal , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Descarga Vaginal , Feminino , Humanos , Urease/genética , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Ágar , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Candida/genética , Biópsia , DNA Ribossômico , Ureia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética
20.
Gut Microbes ; 16(1): 2313770, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38334087

RESUMO

The widespread prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, particularly in China, contributes to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. Antibiotics have limitations, including adverse reactions and increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, identification of novel gastrogenic probiotics capable of surviving the acidic gastric environment and effectively combating H. pylori infection has potential in restoring gastric microbiota homeostasis. Five novel strains of human gastrogenic Weizmannia coagulans (BCF-01-05) were isolated from healthy gastric mucosa and characterized using 16S rDNA identification. Acid resistance, H. pylori inhibition, and adherence to gastric epithelial cells were evaluated in in-vitro experiments and the molecular mechanism explored in in-vivo experiments. Among the gastric-derived W. coagulans strains, BCF-01 exhibited the strongest adhesion and H. pylori inhibition, warranting further in-vivo safety evaluation. Through 16S rRNA sequencing of a mouse model, BCF-01 was determined to significantly restore H. pylori-associated gastric dysbiosis and increase the abundance of potential probiotic bacteria. Furthermore, BCF-01 enhanced mucosal tight junction protein expression and inhibited the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR and western blotting.These findings highlight the potential of BCF-01 in the prevention and control of H. pylori infection. Specifically, treatment with BCF-01 effectively restored gastric microecology and improved H. pylori-mediated mucosal barrier destruction while reducing inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages. BCF-01 is a promising alternative to traditional triple therapy for H. pylori infections, offering minimal side effects with high suitability for high-risk individuals.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Probióticos , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Controle de Infecções
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