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1.
J Vis Exp ; (204)2024 Feb 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38465928

RESUMO

Cationic nanostructures have emerged as an adjuvant and antigen delivery system that enhances dendritic cell maturation, ROS generation, and antigen uptake and then promotes antigen-specific immune responses. In recent years, retinoic acid (RA) has received increasing attention due to its effect in activating the mucosal immune response; however, in order to use RA as a mucosal adjuvant, it is necessary to solve the problem of its dissolution, loading, and delivery. Here, we describe a cationic nanoemulsion-encapsulated retinoic acid (CNE-RA) delivery system composed of the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOTAP), retinoic acid, squalene as the oil phase, polysorbate 80 as surfactant, and sorbitan trioleate 85 as co-surfactant. Its physical and chemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering and a spectrophotometer. Immunization of mice with the mixture of antigen (ovalbumin, OVA) and CNE-RA significantly elevated the levels of anti-OVA secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in vaginal lavage fluid and the small intestinal lavage fluid of mice compared with OVA alone. This protocol describes a detailed method for the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of the adjuvant effect of CNE-RA.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Imunização , Feminino , Animais , Camundongos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/química , Mucosa , Vacinação , Antígenos , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Tensoativos/farmacologia , Ovalbumina , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
3.
J Pharmacol Sci ; 154(4): 256-263, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485343

RESUMO

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is expected to increase esophageal motility. However, to the best of our knowledge, this has not been examined. Thus, we investigated the contractile effects of PAF on guinea pig (GP) esophageal muscularis mucosae (EMM) and the extracellular Ca2+ influx pathways responsible. PAF (10-9-10-6 M) contracted EMM in a concentration-dependent manner. PAF (10-6 M)-induced contractions were almost completely suppressed by apafant (a PAF receptor antagonist, 3 × 10-5 M). In EMM strips, PAF receptor and PAF-synthesizing/degrading enzyme mRNAs were detected. PAF (10-6 M)-induced contractions were abolished by extracellular Ca2+ removal but were not affected by diltiazem [a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) inhibitor, 10-5 M]. PAF (10-6 M)-induced contractions in the presence of diltiazem were significantly suppressed by LOE-908 [a receptor-operated Ca2+ channel (ROCC) inhibitor, 3 × 10-5 M], SKF-96365 [an ROCC and store-operated Ca2+ channel (SOCC) inhibitor, 3 × 10-5 M], and LOE-908 plus SKF-96365. Among the tested ROCC/SOCC-related mRNAs, Trpc3, Trpc6, and Trpv4/Orai1, Orai3, and Stim2 were abundantly expressed in EMM strips. These results indicate that PAF potently induces GP EMM contractions that are dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx through ROCCs/SOCCs, and VDCCs are unlikely to be involved.


Assuntos
Diltiazem , Isoquinolinas , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas , Cobaias , Animais , Diltiazem/farmacologia , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/farmacologia , Acetamidas , Canais de Cálcio/metabolismo , Mucosa/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo
5.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 87(2): e20220091, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38451678

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus infection may be implicated in 12.7% of ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas. We present the first case of an orbital-systemic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma that responded to hepatitis C virus medical treatment. A 62-year-old male with a right-sided orbital mass was diagnosed with stage IIA orbital marginal zone lymphoma in addition to hepatitis C virus infection based on clinical, imaging, laboratory, and histological examinations. The systemic and orbital responses were achieved 1 year after undergoing hepatitis C virus treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. The association between the hepatitis C virus infection and orbital-systemic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is relevant. Accordingly, patients with orbital mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma should be assessed for hepatitis C virus seroreactivity for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepacivirus , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/complicações , Linfoma de Zona Marginal Tipo Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Tecido Linfoide , Mucosa
6.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1343138, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38327523

RESUMO

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by recurrent or persistent infections with Candida of the skin, nails, and mucous membrane. It is a rare and severe disease resulting from autoimmune defects or immune dysregulations. Nonetheless, the diagnosis and treatment of CMC still pose significant challenges. Erroneous or delayed diagnoses remain prevalent, while the long-term utility of traditional antifungals often elicits adverse reactions and promotes the development of acquired resistance. Furthermore, disease relapse can occur during treatment with traditional antifungals. In this review, we delineate the advancements in molecular diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to CMC. Genetic and biomolecular analyses are increasingly employed as adjuncts to clinical manifestations and fungal examinations for accurate diagnosis. Simultaneously, a range of therapeutic interventions, including Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), cytokines therapy, novel antifungal agents, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, have been integrated into clinical practice. We aim to explore insights into early confirmation of CMC as well as novel therapeutic options for these patients.


Assuntos
Candidíase Mucocutânea Crônica , Humanos , Candidíase Mucocutânea Crônica/diagnóstico , Candidíase Mucocutânea Crônica/genética , Candidíase Mucocutânea Crônica/terapia , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Doença Crônica , Candida , Mucosa
7.
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr ; 78(2): 211-216, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38374573

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) is a nonimmunoglobulin (IgE)-mediated food hypersensitivity and the exact mechanisms that cause FPIAP are unknown. Chemokines play crucial roles in the development of allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To examine serum levels of a group of chemokines in infants with FPIAP. METHODS: In 67 infants with FPIAP and 65 healthy infants, we measured serum levels of mucosa-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC/CCL28), thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK/CCL25), CX3CL1 and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3a/CCL20. RESULTS: Infants with FPIAP had a lower median value of MIP3a/CCL20 than healthy infants [0.7 (0-222) vs. 4 (0-249) pg/mL, respectively] (p < 0.001). Infants with MIP3a/CCL20 levels ≤0.95 pg/mL have 13.93 times more risk of developing FPIAP than infants with MIP3a/CCL20 levels >0.95 pg/mL. Serum MEC/CCL28, TECK/CCL25, and CX3CL1 levels were similar between the infants with FPIAP and the control group. CONCLUSION: MIP3a/CCL20 serum levels were reduced in infants with FPIAP compared with healthy controls. Whether this finding has a role in pathogenesis remains to be determined.


Assuntos
Quimiocina CCL20 , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Proctocolite , Humanos , Lactente , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/complicações , Proteínas Inflamatórias de Macrófagos , Mucosa , Quimiocina CCL20/sangue , Quimiocina CCL20/química
8.
World J Gastroenterol ; 30(2): 137-145, 2024 Jan 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38312118

RESUMO

Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) is a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by usually systemic, cystic dilatation of the excretory ducts of esophageal submucosal glands. In this article, I review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings, esophagographic findings, and histopathology of EIPD. I also discuss the etiology and possible pathogenesis of EIPD based on my experiences with this disease and a review of the literature. EIPD usually presents with dysphagia in middle-aged individuals. It is often complicated with secondary infections, most commonly candidiasis. On esophagography, EIPD is delineated as small, multiple, flask-shaped outward projections within the esophageal wall. In recent years, EIPD has been mainly diagnosed by endoscopic findings of multiple, localized, small mucosal depressions. The orifices of the "pseudodiverticula" periodically open and close, and excrete mucus onto the mucosal surface. On histopathological examination, the luminal surface of dilated ducts in EIPD is covered by multilayered, hyperplastic epithelial cells, but myoepithelial cells in the glandular acini are well preserved. Treatment of EIPD is usually symptomatic therapy, and prevention of the infectious complications is important. The etiology and pathogenesis of EIPD are largely unknown, but functional abnormalities of autonomic nerve fibers innervating the esophageal glands likely play an important role, since the structures of the glands are basically preserved in this disease.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Deglutição , Divertículo Esofágico , Divertículo , Estenose Esofágica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Divertículo Esofágico/complicações , Divertículo Esofágico/diagnóstico por imagem , Divertículo Esofágico/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Divertículo/complicações , Mucosa/patologia , Estenose Esofágica/terapia
9.
Commun Biol ; 7(1): 171, 2024 Feb 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38347162

RESUMO

Microbial communities at the airway mucosal barrier are conserved and highly ordered, in likelihood reflecting co-evolution with human host factors. Freed of selection to digest nutrients, the airway microbiome underpins cognate management of mucosal immunity and pathogen resistance. We show here the initial results of systematic culture and whole-genome sequencing of the thoracic airway bacteria, identifying 52 novel species amongst 126 organisms that constitute 75% of commensals typically present in heathy individuals. Clinically relevant genes encode antimicrobial synthesis, adhesion and biofilm formation, immune modulation, iron utilisation, nitrous oxide (NO) metabolism and sphingolipid signalling. Using whole-genome content we identify dysbiotic features that may influence asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We match isolate gene content to transcripts and metabolites expressed late in airway epithelial differentiation, identifying pathways to sustain host interactions with microbiota. Our results provide a systematic basis for decrypting interactions between commensals, pathogens, and mucosa in lung diseases of global significance.


Assuntos
Bactérias , Mucosa , Humanos , Mucosa/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , Simbiose , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Genômica
10.
Biomacromolecules ; 25(3): 1612-1628, 2024 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38319691

RESUMO

Gelatin is a water-soluble natural polyampholyte with poor mucoadhesive properties. It has traditionally been used as a major ingredient in many pharmaceuticals, including soft and hard capsules, suppositories, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The mucoadhesive properties of gelatin can be improved by modifying it through conjugation with specific adhesive unsaturated groups. In this study, gelatin was modified by reacting with crotonic, itaconic, and methacrylic anhydrides in varying molar ratios to yield crotonoylated-, itaconoylated-, and methacryloylated gelatins (abbreviated as Gel-CA, Gel-IA, and Gel-MA, respectively). The successful synthesis was confirmed using 1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopies, and colorimetric TNBSA assay. The effect of chemical modification on the isoelectric point was studied through viscosity and electrophoretic mobility measurements. The evolution of the storage (G') and loss (G'') moduli was employed to determine thermoreversible gelation points of modified and unmodified gelatins. The safety of modified gelatin derivatives was assessed with an in vivo slug mucosal irritation test (SMIT) and an in vitro MTT assay utilizing human pulmonary fibroblasts cell line. Two different model dosage forms, such as physical gels and spray-dried microparticles, were prepared and their mucoadhesive properties were evaluated using a flow-through technique with fluorescent detection and a tensile test with ex vivo porcine vaginal tissues and sheep nasal mucosa. Gelatins modified with unsaturated groups exhibited superior mucoadhesive properties compared to native gelatin. The enhanced ability of gelatin modified with these unsaturated functional groups is due to the formation of covalent bonds with cysteine-rich subdomains present in the mucin via thiol-ene click Michael-type addition reactions occurring under physiologically relevant conditions.


Assuntos
Anidridos , Gelatina , Animais , Suínos , Humanos , Ovinos , Gelatina/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Mucosa , Viscosidade , Géis
11.
Gen Dent ; 72(2): 78-80, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38411490

Assuntos
Mucosa , Humanos
12.
Cells ; 13(4)2024 Feb 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38391928

RESUMO

This mapping review highlights the need for a new paradigm in the understanding of peri-implantitis pathogenesis. The biofilm-mediated inflammation and bone dysregulation (BIND) hypothesis is proposed, focusing on the relationship between biofilm, inflammation, and bone biology. The close interactions between immune and bone cells are discussed, with multiple stable states likely existing between clinically observable definitions of peri-implant health and peri-implantitis. The framework presented aims to explain the transition from health to disease as a staged and incremental process, where multiple factors contribute to distinct steps towards a tipping point where disease is manifested clinically. These steps might be reached in different ways in different patients and may constitute highly individualised paths. Notably, factors affecting the underlying biology are identified in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, highlighting that disruptions to the host-microbe homeostasis at the implant-mucosa interface may not be the sole factor. An improved understanding of disease pathogenesis will allow for intervention on multiple levels and a personalised treatment approach. Further research areas are identified, such as the use of novel biomarkers to detect changes in macrophage polarisation and activation status, and bone turnover.


Assuntos
Peri-Implantite , Humanos , Inflamação , Biofilmes , Mucosa , Osseointegração
13.
Curr Opin Virol ; 64: 101387, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38364654

RESUMO

Mucosal tissues are frequent targets of both primary and metastatic cancers. This has highlighted the significance of both innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity at mucosal sites. Trained innate immunity (TII) is an emerging concept defined as enhanced reactivity of innate leukocytes long after a previous stimulation that induces prolonged epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic changes. Trained innate leukocytes can respond to heterologous targets due to their lacking of antigen-specificity in most cases. Emerging experimental and clinical data suggest that certain microbes or their products induce TII in mucosal-associated innate leukocytes which endows heterologous anti-tumor innate immunity, in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. In this mini-review, we summarize updated findings on the significance of TII in mucosal cancers. We also attempt to raise a few key questions critical to our further understanding on the roles of TII in mucosal cancers, and to the potential application of TII as anti-cancer strategy.


Assuntos
Imunidade Inata , Neoplasias , Imunidade Treinada , Imunidade Adaptativa , Mucosa , Imunidade nas Mucosas
14.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(3)2024 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38339134

RESUMO

A structural weakness of the mucus barrier (MB) is thought to be a cause of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aims to investigate the mucin (MUC) composition of MB in normal mucosa and UC. Ileocolonic biopsies were taken at disease onset and after treatment in 40 patients, including 20 with relapsing and 20 with remitting UC. Ileocolonic biopsies from 10 non-IBD patients were included as controls. Gut-specific MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5B, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15, and MUC17 were evaluated immunohistochemically. The promoters of mucin genes were also examined. Normal mucosa showed MUC2, MUC5B, and MUC13 in terminal ileum and colon, MUC17 in ileum, and MUC1, MUC4, MUC12, and MUC15 in colon. Membranous, cytoplasmic and vacuolar expressions were highlighted. Overall, the mucin expression was abnormal in UC. Derangements in MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5B were detected both at onset and after treatment. MUC2 and MUC13 were unaffected. Sequence analysis revealed glucocorticoid-responsive elements in the MUC1 promoter, retinoic-acid-responsive elements in the MUC4 promoter, and butyrate-responsive elements in the MUC5B promoter. In conclusion, MUCs exhibited distinct expression patterns in the gut. Their expression was disrupted in UC, regardless of the treatment protocols. Abnormal MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5B expression marked the barrier dysfunction in UC.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Mucinas , Humanos , Mucinas/metabolismo , Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Mucina-1/genética , Biópsia , Mucosa/metabolismo , Mucina-2/genética
15.
Br Dent J ; 236(4): 293-296, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38388600

RESUMO

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare, immune-mediated, vesiculobullous disease that predominantly affects the oral cavity and conjunctiva. In MMP, autoantibodies are directed against hemidesmosomal proteins in the basement membrane zone, most commonly BP180. Clinical signs and symptoms include gingival desquamation, erosions, and ulcerations. Differential diagnoses include other immune-mediated blistering diseases, such as bullous pemphigoid. Definitive diagnosis is reached through history taking, physical examination, tissue biopsy and/or serology testing. MMP, although not curable, is typically managed with topical or systemic corticosteroids, in addition to immunosuppressive therapies and biologic agents in recalcitrant cases. Untreated MMP can lead to life-threatening complications, such as blindness. As a condition that affects the oral cavity, it is important that dentists understand how to recognise, diagnose and manage the disease.


Assuntos
Úlceras Orais , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno , Penfigoide Bolhoso , Humanos , Penfigoide Bolhoso/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno/tratamento farmacológico , Autoanticorpos/uso terapêutico , Mucosa/patologia
16.
Br Dent J ; 236(4): 311-316, 2024 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38388610

RESUMO

Pemphigus disease and mucous membrane pemphigoid are autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) which may involve both oral and extra-oral tissues. The Bristol Joint Oral Medicine and Dermatology Combined Clinic was set up in 2014, with the primary aim of improving the standard of care for patients with AIBDs. This interdisciplinary approach aimed to address the medical management challenges due to the multisite nature of these AIBDs.We present a narrative report of the clinical work undertaken within this clinic, focused on the management of this patient cohort within a five-year span (2017-2022). This report outlines the multisite nature of AIBDs and the range of topical and systemic treatments that were employed to achieve adequate disease control and optimise outcomes for patients. We reflect on the experiential benefits of this multidisciplinary clinic extended beyond immediate patient benefits to areas such as specialist training, both from a dermatologist's and oral physician's perspective.


Assuntos
Dermatologia , Medicina Bucal , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno , Penfigoide Bolhoso , Pênfigo , Humanos , Mucosa , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno/diagnóstico , Penfigoide Mucomembranoso Benigno/terapia , Penfigoide Bolhoso/tratamento farmacológico , Pênfigo/terapia
17.
HNO ; 72(4): 272-278, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38383938

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Extended endonasal endoscopic frontal sinus surgery is characterized by bone resection beyond the lamellae of the frontal sinus and is currently classified according to Draf as type IIa, type IIb, modified type III (also referred to as type IIc), and type III. This approach is indicated when the surgical goal cannot be achieved through complete removal of the anterior ethmoidal cells. Numerous studies indicate restenosis rates ranging from 7 to 36%, despite creation of maximal openings. Exposed bone, which tends to epithelize slowly with significant crusting and the risk of uncontrolled wound healing depending on the local environment and other factors, is considered a contributing factor. Covering the exposed bone with mucosa can significantly reduce the risk of restenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A variety of flap techniques for frontal sinus drainage in Draf III procedures are presented, including some variants that were part of presentations at the 2023 Congress of the European Rhinologic Society in Sofia, Bulgaria. These include combinations of free mucosal grafts, pedicled mucosal flaps, and hybrids combining both techniques. Additionally, the results of current studies are presented. CONCLUSION: The results and achieved opening areas in contemporary Draf III surgeries are significantly improved and larger compared to the early stages of these procedures. A multitude of published studies consistently demonstrate that outcomes are markedly improved with mucosal coverage. Depending on the prevailing anatomy, mucosal conditions, and the extent of the surgical intervention, the most suitable technique should be selected. Therefore, proficiency in various methods is crucial. The use of a flap technique (free, pedicled, or combinations thereof) should be defined as the standard when performing extended frontal sinus surgery (Draf IIb, IIc, III, or endonasal frontal sinus surgery [EFSS] 4-6).


Assuntos
Seio Frontal , Seio Frontal/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Endoscopia , Mucosa , Drenagem
18.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1347259, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38318168

RESUMO

Introduction: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, inflammatory, antigen-driven disease of the esophagus. Tissue EoE pathology has previously been extensively characterized by novel transcriptomics and proteomic platforms, however the majority of surface marker determination and screening has been performed in blood due to mucosal tissue size limitations. While eosinophils, CD4+ T cells, mast cells and natural killer (NK) T cells were previously investigated in the context of EoE, an accurate picture of the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their activation is missing. Methods: In this study, we aimed to comprehensively analyze the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their activation using surface marker measurements with multicolor flow cytometry simultaneously in both blood and mucosal tissue of patients with active EoE, inactive EoE, patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and controls. Moreover, we set out to validate our data in co-cultures of PBMC with human primary esophageal epithelial cells and in a novel inducible mouse model of eosinophilic esophagitis, characterized by extensive IL-33 secretion in the esophagus. Results: Our results indicate that specific PBMC populations are enriched, and that they alter their surface expression of activation markers in mucosal tissue of active EoE. In particular, we observed upregulation of the immunomodulatory molecule CD38 on CD4+ T cells and on myeloid cells in biopsies of active EoE. Moreover, we observed significant upregulation of PD-1 on CD4+ and myeloid cells, which was even more prominent after corticosteroid treatment. With co-culture experiments we could demonstrate that direct cell contact is needed for PD-1 upregulation on CD4+ T cells. Finally, we validated our findings of PD-1 and CD38 upregulation in an inducible mouse model of EoE. Discussion: Herein we show significant alterations in the PBMC activation profile of patients with active EoE in comparison to inactive EoE, GERD and controls, which could have potential implications for treatment. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind expanding the multi-color flow cytometry approach in different patient groups using in vitro and in vivo translational models.


Assuntos
Enterite , Eosinofilia , Esofagite Eosinofílica , Gastrite , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Esofagite Eosinofílica/diagnóstico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Proteômica , Mucosa/metabolismo , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/patologia
19.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0298660, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38412155

RESUMO

Insulin dysregulation in horses is characterised by hyperinsulinaemia and/or tissue insulin resistance and is associated with increased risk of laminitis. There is growing evidence in other species that dopamine attenuates insulin release from the pancreas; however, this has yet to be examined in horses. The present study aimed to identify whether there are cells capable of producing or responding to dopamine within the equine gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. Tissue samples were collected from the stomach, small and large intestines, and pancreas of six mature horses following euthanasia. Samples of stomach contents and faeces were also collected. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine production, and dopamine D2 receptors in tissue sections. Additional immunostaining for glucagon, insulin and chromogranin A was performed to identify α cells, ß cells and enteroendocrine cells, respectively. Gastric parietal cells expressed both TH and D2 receptors, indicating that they are capable of both producing and responding to dopamine. Dopamine was quantified in stomach contents and faeces by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, with similar concentrations found at both sites. Dopamine D2 receptors were expressed in duodenal epithelial cells but not more distally. A subset of enteroendocrine cells, located sporadically along the gastrointestinal tract, were found to be immunopositive for the D2 receptor. In pancreatic islets, TH was present in α cells, while D2 receptors were strongly expressed in ß cells and variably expressed in α cells. These findings are consistent with studies of other species; however, dynamic studies are required to further elucidate the role of dopamine in the modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in horses. This descriptive study provides preliminary evidence for a potential role of dopamine to act as a paracrine messenger in the gastrointestinal mucosa and endocrine pancreas of horses.


Assuntos
Dopamina , Células Secretoras de Glucagon , Animais , Cavalos , Receptores de Dopamina D2 , Glucagon , Pâncreas , Trato Gastrointestinal/química , Insulina , Mucosa , Receptores de Dopamina D1
20.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 99(2): 56-61, Feb. 2024. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230166

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Nuestro objetivo fue investigar si el síndrome de Sjögren (SS) tenía hallazgos distintivos en la microscopia confocal de la lengua de una manera no invasiva. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles evaluó los hallazgos de la microscopia confocal de córnea y lengua de los ojos derechos de 25 pacientes con ojo seco con deficiencia acuosa y 12 voluntarios sanos sin hallazgos de ojo seco. Hubo un total de 14 pacientes diagnosticados con ojo seco asociado a SS (SSDE), mientras que 11 casos fueron evaluados como ojo seco no Sjögren (NSDE). Resultados: Se observó una diferencia significativa en el recuento de células dendríticas a nivel del nervio subbasal corneal entre los grupos SSDE y NSDE (p=0,018). En el grupo SSDE, las imágenes de microscopia confocal de células inflamatorias dendritiformes hiperreflectantes en la mucosa de la lengua estaban a favor de la inflamación. Sin embargo, estos hallazgos no se encontraron en pacientes con NSDE o en controles. Conclusiones: Este estudio mostró que la microscopia confocal proporcionó una evaluación no invasiva de las células inflamatorias en la lengua de los pacientes con SS.(AU)


Introduction and objectives: We aimed to investigate whether Sjögren's syndrome (SS) had distinctive findings in tongue confocal microscopy in a non-invasive manner. Materials and methods: This retrospective case-control study evaluated corneal and tongue confocal microscopy findings of the right eyes of 25 patients with aqueous deficient dry eye and 12 healthy volunteers without dry eye findings. There were a total of 14 patients diagnosed with SS-associated dry eye (SSDE), while 11 cases were evaluated as non-Sjögren dry eye (NSDE). Results: A significant difference was observed in the dendritic cell count at the corneal subbasal nerve level between the SSDE and NSDE groups (P=.018). In SSDE group, the confocal microscopy images of dendritiform hyperreflective inflammatory cells in the tongue mucosa were in favor of inflammation. However, these findings were not found in patients with NSDE or in controls. Conclusions: This study showed that confocal microscopy provided a non-invasive evaluation of the inflammatory cells in the tongue of SS patients.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Síndrome de Sjogren/diagnóstico por imagem , Córnea/microbiologia , Síndromes do Olho Seco , Mucosa , Microscopia Confocal , Oftalmologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
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