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1.
Perspect Med Educ ; 13(1): 201-223, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38525203

RESUMO

Postgraduate medical education is an essential societal enterprise that prepares highly skilled physicians for the health workforce. In recent years, PGME systems have been criticized worldwide for problems with variable graduate abilities, concerns about patient safety, and issues with teaching and assessment methods. In response, competency based medical education approaches, with an emphasis on graduate outcomes, have been proposed as the direction for 21st century health profession education. However, there are few published models of large-scale implementation of these approaches. We describe the rationale and design for a national, time-variable competency-based multi-specialty system for postgraduate medical education called Competence by Design. Fourteen innovations were bundled to create this new system, using the Van Melle Core Components of competency based medical education as the basis for the transformation. The successful execution of this transformational training system shows competency based medical education can be implemented at scale. The lessons learned in the early implementation of Competence by Design can inform competency based medical education innovation efforts across professions worldwide.


Assuntos
Educação Médica , Medicina , Humanos , Educação Baseada em Competências/métodos , Educação Médica/métodos , Competência Clínica , Publicações
2.
FASEB J ; 38(6): e23552, 2024 Mar 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38498336

RESUMO

Sex and gender disparities in biomedical research have been emphasized to improve scientific knowledge applied for the health of both men and women. Despite sex differences in cancer incidence, prognosis, and responses to therapeutic agents, mechanistic explanations at molecular levels are far from enough. Recent studies suggested that cell sex is an important biological variable due to differences in sex chromosome gene expression and differences in events associated with developmental biology. The objective of this study was to analyze the reporting of sex of cells used in cancer research using articles published in Cancer Cell, Molecular Cancer, Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, and Cancer Research in 2020, and to examine whether there exists any sex bias. We found that the percentage of cells with sex notation in the article was 36.5%. Primary cells exhibited higher sex notation compared to cell lines. A higher percentage of female cells were used in cell cultures with sex notation. Also, sex-common cells omitted sex description more often compared to sex-specific cells. None of the cells isolated from embryo and esophagus reported the cell sex in the article. Our results indicate cell sex report in cancer research is limited to a small proportion of cells used in the study. These results call for acknowledging the sex of cells to increase the applicability of biomedical research discoveries.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Células Cultivadas , Neoplasias , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Publicações , Fatores Sexuais , Sexismo
4.
BMJ Open ; 14(3): e076912, 2024 Mar 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38508610

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Our main objective is to assess the inter-reviewer reliability (IRR) reported in published systematic literature reviews (SLRs). Our secondary objective is to determine the expected IRR by authors of SLRs for both human and machine-assisted reviews. METHODS: We performed a review of SLRs of randomised controlled trials using the PubMed and Embase databases. Data were extracted on IRR by means of Cohen's kappa score of abstract/title screening, full-text screening and data extraction in combination with review team size, items screened and the quality of the review was assessed with the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2. In addition, we performed a survey of authors of SLRs on their expectations of machine learning automation and human performed IRR in SLRs. RESULTS: After removal of duplicates, 836 articles were screened for abstract, and 413 were screened full text. In total, 45 eligible articles were included. The average Cohen's kappa score reported was 0.82 (SD=0.11, n=12) for abstract screening, 0.77 (SD=0.18, n=14) for full-text screening, 0.86 (SD=0.07, n=15) for the whole screening process and 0.88 (SD=0.08, n=16) for data extraction. No association was observed between the IRR reported and review team size, items screened and quality of the SLR. The survey (n=37) showed overlapping expected Cohen's kappa values ranging between approximately 0.6-0.9 for either human or machine learning-assisted SLRs. No trend was observed between reviewer experience and expected IRR. Authors expect a higher-than-average IRR for machine learning-assisted SLR compared with human based SLR in both screening and data extraction. CONCLUSION: Currently, it is not common to report on IRR in the scientific literature for either human and machine learning-assisted SLRs. This mixed-methods review gives first guidance on the human IRR benchmark, which could be used as a minimal threshold for IRR in machine learning-assisted SLRs. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023386706.


Assuntos
Publicações , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , PubMed
5.
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir ; 56(1): 7-10, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38508202

RESUMO

We present the Nerve Club, a community of colleagues originating from german-speaking countries and dedicated to those working in or outside surgery with interest in the peripheral nerve. This article reviews the club´s history and specific characteristics and activities, and highlights the concept of a certificate in nerve surgery. We have annual club meetings and organize every two years a plexus symposium. Also exists a scientific publication award and cooperation with an online based journal dedicated to medical publications in the field of nerve surgery.


Assuntos
Nervos Periféricos , Publicações , Humanos , Nervos Periféricos/cirurgia
6.
Obstet Gynecol ; 143(4): 607, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38513252
7.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300841, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38517858

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compared the presentation of research priorities in the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) developed under the guidance of the GRADE working group or its two co-chair, and the Chinese CPGs. METHODS: This was a methodological empirical analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, and four Chinese databases (Wanfang, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and retrieved nine Chinese guideline databases or Society websites as well as GRADE Pro websites. We included all eligible GRADE CPGs and a random sample of double number of Chinese CPGs, published 2018 to 2022. The reviewers independently screened and extracted the data, and we summarized and analyzed the reporting on the research priorities in the CPGs. RESULTS: Of the 135 eligible CPGs (45 GRADE CPGs and 90 Chinese CPGs), 668, 138 research priorities were identified respectively. More than 70% of the research priorities in GRADE CPGs and Chinese CPGs had population and intervention (PI) structure. 99 (14.8%) of GRADE CPG research priorities had PIC structures, compared with only 4(2.9%) in Chinese. And 28.4% (190) GRADE CPG research priorities reflected comparisons between PICO elements, approximately double those in Chinese. The types of research priorities among GRADE CPGs and Chinese CPGs were mostly focused on the efficacy of interventions, and the type of comparative effectiveness in the GRADE research priorities was double those in Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: There was still considerable room for improvement in the developing and reporting of research priorities in Chinese CPGs. Key PICO elements were inadequately presented, with more attention on intervention efficacy and insufficient consideration given to values, preferences, health equity, and feasibility. Identifying and reporting of research priorities deserves greater effort in the future.


Assuntos
Publicações , Projetos de Pesquisa , Humanos , China , Bases de Dados Factuais
8.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(12): e37380, 2024 Mar 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38518030

RESUMO

The literature study was conducted by using the Web of Science (WoS) database, employing bibliometric analysis to examine all papers released from 1980 to 2020. The search was performed using the terms "sepsis, septicemia, septic shock" specifically within the titles of the publications. The findings of the literature research revealed a total of 51,725 articles. Out of the total number of publications, 26,896 articles were identified, accounting for 51.9% of the total. The bibliometric study revealed that the United States had the largest number of papers (8693), followed by China (2807), Germany (2299), France (1606), and the United Kingdom (1932). The writers that exhibited the most prolific output in terms of article production on the topic of sepsis were Vincent, with a total of 217 articles, followed by Wang P with 154 articles, and Chaudry IH with 126 articles. The University of Pittsburgh, Brown University, and the University of Michigan were identified as the most productive universities, in that order. The findings from the prediction model revealed that the projected number of articles to be published in 2021 is estimated to be 2086, while the projected number for 2030 is estimated to be 2637. The literature has predominantly focused on disease markers and diagnostic methods, severity and effects of the disease, immunity and inflammation, effects of the disease in neonates and the neonatal period, and treatment and care. According to trend analysis results, recent focus in sepsis research includes a broad spectrum of investigations such as mortality rates, prognostic determinants, diagnostic methods, biomarkers, epidemiological insights, critical care strategies, infections, treatment outcomes, emergency department scenarios, pediatric assessments, and antibiotic interventions.


Assuntos
Sepse , Choque Séptico , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Criança , Bibliometria , França , Publicações , Sepse/terapia
9.
Vet Rec ; 194(5): 177, 2024 Mar 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38427447
10.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 103(9): e37268, 2024 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38428894

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Identifying the most highly cited papers in a given field can help researchers and professionals understand the milestones and research areas that are generating the most impact. This study aimed to identify and describe the 50 most frequently cited manuscripts on cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. METHODS: We identified the 50 most cited papers (articles and reviews) on cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis from the MEDLINE database and indexed in Web of Science-Core Collection, analyzing their bibliographic and content characteristics. RESULTS: The most cited documents comprised 29 (58%) original articles and 21 (42%) reviews, the bulk of which were narrative reviews (n = 17), with a negligible presence of other types of reviews with high-level scientific evidence. Six journals published 42% of the articles. In addition to the USA, Mexico and Peru were prominent countries of origin among leading researchers. The main research topics were the central nervous system and epilepsy on the one hand, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches on the other. CONCLUSION: Our findings shed light on the dissemination of knowledge about cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis in recent decades, identifying the most highly cited contributions that have driven research in the field.


Assuntos
Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Neurocisticercose , Humanos , Neurocisticercose/complicações , Publicações , Conhecimento , México
11.
PLoS One ; 19(3): e0300333, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38478503

RESUMO

Many journals in ecology and evolutionary biology encourage or require authors to make their data and code available alongside articles. In this study we investigated how often this data and code could be used together, when both were available, to computationally reproduce results published in articles. We surveyed the data and code sharing practices of 177 meta-analyses published in ecology and evolutionary biology journals published between 2015-17: 60% of articles shared data only, 1% shared code only, and 15% shared both data and code. In each of the articles which had shared both (n = 26), we selected a target result and attempted to reproduce it. Using the shared data and code files, we successfully reproduced the targeted results in 27-73% of the 26 articles, depending on the stringency of the criteria applied for a successful reproduction. The results from this sample of meta-analyses in the 2015-17 literature can provide a benchmark for future meta-research studies gauging the computational reproducibility of published research in ecology and evolutionary biology.


Assuntos
Ecologia , Publicações , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Evolução Biológica
13.
Zhongguo Zhen Jiu ; 44(3): 351-356, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês, Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38467513

RESUMO

The relevant passages on moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43) in the Chinese Medical Code (fifth edition), and relevant literature on moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43) published up to January 17th, 2023 in the CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase and Scopus were searched. The localization and selection methods of Gaohuang (BL 43), types of moxibustion at Gaohuang (BL 43), moxibustion quantity, and the main clinical indications were analyzed. As a result, a total of 227 ancient passages were included, with 51 related to moxibustion quantity and 171 related to clinical indications, encompassing 33 different diseases. A total of 50 modern articles were reviewed, covering 26 different diseases. The key of selection methods of Gaohuang (BL 43) is exploring sensitivity around the scapula, with direct moxibustion as a preferred technique; the optimal moxibustion dose is detenuined by arrival and withdrawal of deqi, and primary indications were related to syndrome of heart and lung deficiencies.


Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Moxibustão , Humanos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Síndrome , Publicações
14.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 166(1): 150, 2024 Mar 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38528271

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Surveys generate valuable data in epidemiologic and qualitative clinical research. The quality of a survey depends on its design, the number of responses it receives, and the reporting of the results. In this study, we aimed to assess the quality of surveys in neurosurgery. METHODS: Neurosurgical surveys published between 2000 and 2020 (inclusive) were identified from PubMed. Various datapoints regarding the surveys were collated. The number of citations received by the papers was determined from Google Scholar. A 6-dimensional quality assessment tool was applied to the surveys. Parameters from this tool were combined with the number of responses received to create the survey quality score (SQS). RESULTS: A total of 618 surveys were included for analysis. The target sample size correlated with the number of responses received. The response rate correlated positively with the target sample size and the number of reminders sent and negatively with the number of questions in the survey. The median number of authors on neurosurgery survey papers was 6. The number of authors correlated with the SQS and the number of citations received by published survey papers. The median normalized SQS for neurosurgical surveys was 65%. The nSQS independently predicted the citations received per year by surveys. CONCLUSIONS: The modifiable factors that correlated with improvements in survey design were optimizing the number of questions, maximizing the target sample size, and incorporating reminders in the survey design. Increasing the number of contributing authors led to improvements in survey quality. The SQS was validated and correlated well with the citations received by surveys.


Assuntos
Neurocirurgia , Humanos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Publicações , Inquéritos e Questionários
15.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0297183, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38300946

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Non-English speaking researchers may find it difficult to write articles in English and may be tempted to use machine translators (MTs) to facilitate their task. We compared the performance of DeepL, Google Translate, and CUBBITT for the translation of abstracts from French to English. METHODS: We selected ten abstracts published in 2021 in two high-impact bilingual medical journals (CMAJ and Canadian Family Physician) and used nine metrics of Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE-1 recall/precision/F1-score, ROUGE-2 recall/precision/F1-score, and ROUGE-L recall/precision/F1-score) to evaluate the accuracy of the translation (scores ranging from zero to one [= maximum]). We also used the fluency score assigned by ten raters to evaluate the stylistic quality of the translation (ranging from ten [= incomprehensible] to fifty [= flawless English]). We used Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare the medians between the three MTs. For the human evaluation, we also examined the original English text. RESULTS: Differences in medians were not statistically significant for the nine metrics of ROUGE (medians: min-max = 0.5246-0.7392 for DeepL, 0.4634-0.7200 for Google Translate, 0.4815-0.7316 for CUBBITT, all p-values > 0.10). For the human evaluation, CUBBITT tended to score higher than DeepL, Google Translate, and the original English text (median = 43 for CUBBITT, vs. 39, 38, and 40, respectively, p-value = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The three MTs performed similarly when tested with ROUGE, but CUBBITT was slightly better than the other two using human evaluation. Although we only included abstracts and did not evaluate the time required for post-editing, we believe that French-speaking researchers could use DeepL, Google Translate, or CUBBITT when writing articles in English.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica , Ferramenta de Busca , Humanos , Tradução , Canadá , Publicações
16.
Int J Palliat Nurs ; 30(1): 5-10, 2024 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38308605

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: No specific evaluation of palliative care (PC) has been carried out to date despite its effective integration into Moroccan healthcare strategy. AIMS: To analyse the evolution of PC-related research in Morocco over the last two decades. METHODS: In this study, articles indexed in Web Of Science and PubMED that include the words Morocco and palliative, in their content, in French and English, with at least one author affiliated to a Moroccan institution and published between 2000 and 2020, were evaluated with bibliometrics methods to determine a timeline, a mapping of publications and collaborations, and the main journals, types and topics of publications. FINDINGS: A total of 87.1% of articles have been published since 2011. Some 82.1% concern oncology. A total of 48.5% were produced within the same institution and international collaboration represents only 9.9% of the articles. CONCLUSION: The number of PC related articles have increased since 2011, especially in regions with a greater supply of oncology care.


Assuntos
Enfermagem de Cuidados Paliativos na Terminalidade da Vida , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Marrocos , Bibliometria , Publicações
18.
PLoS One ; 19(2): e0297701, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354135

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: ChatGPT, a sophisticated large language model (LLM), has garnered widespread attention for its ability to mimic human-like communication. As recent studies indicate a potential supportive role of ChatGPT in academic writing, we assessed the LLM's capacity to generate accurate and comprehensive scientific abstracts from published Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) data, focusing on the adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials for Abstracts (CONSORT-A) statement, in comparison to the original authors' abstracts. METHODOLOGY: RCTs, identified in a PubMed/MEDLINE search post-September 2021 across various medical disciplines, were subjected to abstract generation via ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4, following the guidelines of the respective journals. The overall quality score (OQS) of each abstract was determined by the total number of adequately reported components from the 18-item CONSORT-A checklist. Additional outcome measures included percent adherence to each CONOSORT-A item, readability, hallucination rate, and regression analysis of reporting quality determinants. RESULTS: Original abstracts achieved a mean OQS of 11.89 (95% CI: 11.23-12.54), outperforming GPT 3.5 (7.89; 95% CI: 7.32-8.46) and GPT 4 (5.18; 95% CI: 4.64-5.71). Compared to GPT 3.5 and 4 outputs, original abstracts were more adherent with 10 and 14 CONSORT-A items, respectively. In blind assessments, GPT 3.5-generated abstracts were deemed most readable in 62.22% of cases which was significantly greater than the original (31.11%; P = 0.003) and GPT 4-generated (6.67%; P<0.001) abstracts. Moreover, ChatGPT 3.5 exhibited a hallucination rate of 0.03 items per abstract compared to 1.13 by GPT 4. No determinants for improved reporting quality were identified for GPT-generated abstracts. CONCLUSIONS: While ChatGPT could generate more readable abstracts, their overall quality was inferior to the original abstracts. Yet, its proficiency to concisely relay key information with minimal error holds promise for medical research and warrants further investigations to fully ascertain the LLM's applicability in this domain.


Assuntos
Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Humanos , Redação , Padrões de Referência , Publicações , Alucinações
19.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 4978, 2024 02 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38424442

RESUMO

Patient information leaflets can reduce antibiotic prescription rates by improving knowledge and encouraging shared decision making (SDM) in patients with respiratory tract infections (RTI). The effect of these interventions in antibiotic low-prescriber settings is unknown. We conducted a pragmatic pre-/post interventional study between October 2022 and March 2023 in Swiss outpatient care. The intervention was the provision of patient leaflets informing about RTIs and antibiotics use. Main outcomes were the extent of SDM, antibiotic prescription rates, and patients' awareness/knowledge about antibiotic use in RTIs. 408 patients participated in the pre-intervention period, and 315 patients in the post- intervention period. There was no difference in the extent of SDM (mean score (range 0-100): 65.86 vs. 64.65, p = 0.565), nor in antibiotic prescription rates (no prescription: 89.8% vs. 87.2%, p = 0.465) between the periods. Overall awareness/knowledge among patients with RTI was high and leaflets showed only a small effect on overall awareness/knowledge. In conclusion, in an antibiotic low-prescriber setting, patient information leaflets may improve knowledge, but may not affect treatment decisions nor antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Publicações , Padrões de Prática Médica
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