Initial outcomes of a multidisciplinary network for the care of patients with cardiogenic shock.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Mortality remains high in cardiogenic shock (CS), especially in refractory CS involving the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of a care program for patients in CS after the creation of a multidisciplinary team in our center and a regional network of hospitals in our area. METHODS: Observational and retrospective study of patients attended in this program from September 2014 to January 2019. We included patients in refractory CS who required MCS and those who, because of their age and absence of comorbidities, were candidates for advanced therapies. The primary endpoint was survival to discharge. RESULTS: A total of 130 patients were included (69 local and 61 transferred patients). The mean age was 52±15 years (72% men). The most frequent causes of CS were acute decompensated heart failure (29%), acute myocardial infarction (26%), and postcardiotomy CS (25%). MCS was used in 105 patients (81%), mostly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (58%). Survival to discharge was 57% (74 of 130 patients). The most frequent destinations were myocardial recovery and heart transplant. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were SAPS II score, lactate level, acute myocardial infarction etiology, and vasoactive-inotropic score. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of multidisciplinary teams for patients with mainly refractory CS and a regional network is feasible and allows survival to discharge in more than a half of attended patients with CS.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. A proof of concept study.

BACKGROUND: Identification of effective treatments in severe cases of COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation represents an unmet medical need. Our aim was to determine whether the administration of adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSC) is safe and potentially useful in these patients. METHODS: Thirteen COVID-19 adult patients under invasive mechanical ventilation who had received previous antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory treatments (including steroids, lopinavir/ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine and/or tocilizumab, among others) were treated with allogeneic AT-MSC. Ten patients received two doses, with the second dose administered a median of 3 days (interquartile range-IQR- 1 day) after the first one. Two patients received a single dose and another patient received 3 doses. Median number of cells per dose was 0.98 × 106 (IQR 0.50 × 106) AT-MSC/kg of recipient's body weight. Potential adverse effects related to cell infusion and clinical outcome were assessed. Additional parameters analyzed included changes in imaging, analytical and inflammatory parameters. FINDINGS: First dose of AT-MSC was administered at a median of 7 days (IQR 12 days) after mechanical ventilation. No adverse events were related to cell therapy. With a median follow-up of 16 days (IQR 9 days) after the first dose, clinical improvement was observed in nine patients (70%). Seven patients were extubated and discharged from ICU while four patients remained intubated (two with an improvement in their ventilatory and radiological parameters and two in stable condition). Two patients died (one due to massive gastrointestinal bleeding unrelated to MSC therapy). Treatment with AT-MSC was followed by a decrease in inflammatory parameters (reduction in C-reactive protein, IL-6, ferritin, LDH and d-dimer) as well as an increase in lymphocytes, particularly in those patients with clinical improvement. INTERPRETATION: Treatment with intravenous administration of AT-MSC in 13 severe COVID-19 pneumonia under mechanical ventilation in a small case series did not induce significant adverse events and was followed by clinical and biological improvement in most subjects. FUNDING: None.

Experiencia con una asistencia ventricular pulsátil de larga duración como puente al trasplante cardiaco en adultos / Experience with a long-term pulsatile ventricular assist device as a bridge to heart transplant in adults

Introducción y objetivos: La mayoría de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (DAV) de larga duración utilizados actualmente son intracorpóreos y de flujo continuo. Sus principales inconvenientes son el coste elevado y la imposibilidad de ofrecer soporte biventricular. El objetivo de este estudio es describir los resultados de una estrategia de implante de un DAV paracorpóreo de flujo pulsátil como puente al trasplante (PAT) en pacientes adultos. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de las características, complicaciones y resultados de una serie unicéntrica de pacientes consecutivos tratados con el DAV EXCOR como PAT entre 2009 y 2015. Resultados: En este periodo se implantaron 25 DAV, 6 de ellos biventriculares. En 12 pacientes la indicación fue directamente PAT y en 13 puente a la decisión debido a la presencia de contraindicaciones potencialmente reversibles o posibilidad de recuperación. Veinte pacientes (80%) alcanzaron el objetivo del trasplante cardiaco tras una mediana de soporte de 112 días (rango 8-239). Las principales complicaciones fueron: infecciosas (52% de los pacientes), neurológicas (32%, la mitad de ellas mortales), hemorrágicas (28%) y fallo del DAV que obligó a cambiar algún componente de este (28%). Conclusiones: El 80% de los pacientes tratados con el DAV EXCOR como PAT alcanzaron el objetivo tras una mediana de soporte de casi 4 meses. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron las infecciosas y las más graves las neurológicas. El empleo de estos DAV de flujo pulsátil como PAT, en nuestro medio, es una estrategia factible que consigue resultados similares a los DAV de flujo continuo (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Most long-term ventricular assist devices (VADs) that are currently implanted are intracorporeal continuous-flow devices. Their main limitations include their high cost and inability to provide biventricular support. The aim of this study was to describe the results of using paracorporeal pulsatile-flow VADs as a bridge to transplant (BTT) in adult patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the characteristics, complications, and outcomes of a single-center case series of consecutive patients treated with the EXCOR VAD as BTT between 2009 and 2015. Results: During the study period, 25 VADs were implanted, 6 of them biventricular. Ventricular assist devices were indicated directly as a BTT in 12 patients and as a bridge to decision in 13 due to the presence of potentially reversible contraindications or chance of heart function recovery. Twenty patients (80%) were successfully bridged to heart transplant after a median of 112 days (range, 8-239). The main complications included infectious (52% of patients), neurological events (32%, half of them fatal), bleeding (28%), and VAD malfunction requiring component replacement (28%). Conclusions: Eighty percent of patients with the EXCOR VAD as BTT achieved the goal after an average of almost 4 months of support. The most frequent complications were infectious, and the most severe were neurological. In our enivonment, the use of these pulsatile-flow VAD as BTT is a feasible strategy that obtains similar outcomes to those of intracorporeal continuous-flow devices (AU)

Experience With a Long-term Pulsatile Ventricular Assist Device as a Bridge to Heart Transplant in Adults.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Most long-term ventricular assist devices (VADs) that are currently implanted are intracorporeal continuous-flow devices. Their main limitations include their high cost and inability to provide biventricular support. The aim of this study was to describe the results of using paracorporeal pulsatile-flow VADs as a bridge to transplant (BTT) in adult patients. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the characteristics, complications, and outcomes of a single-center case series of consecutive patients treated with the EXCOR VAD as BTT between 2009 and 2015. RESULTS: During the study period, 25 VADs were implanted, 6 of them biventricular. Ventricular assist devices were indicated directly as a BTT in 12 patients and as a bridge to decision in 13 due to the presence of potentially reversible contraindications or chance of heart function recovery. Twenty patients (80%) were successfully bridged to heart transplant after a median of 112 days (range, 8-239). The main complications included infectious (52% of patients), neurological events (32%, half of them fatal), bleeding (28%), and VAD malfunction requiring component replacement (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Eighty percent of patients with the EXCOR VAD as BTT achieved the goal after an average of almost 4 months of support. The most frequent complications were infectious, and the most severe were neurological. In our enivonment, the use of these pulsatile-flow VAD as BTT is a feasible strategy that obtains similar outcomes to those of intracorporeal continuous-flow devices.

Análisis de los aspectos bioéticos en los programas de donación en asistolia controlada / Análise dos aspectos bioéticos nos programas de doação em assistolia controlada / Analysis of bioethical issues related to organ donation in controlled asystole programs

El trasplante de órganos sólidos constituye el tratamiento de un gran número de enfermedades en fase terminal, mejora globalmente la supervivencia y la calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a este tipo de intervención y es considerado como un beneficioso progreso de la medicina para el conjunto de la sociedad. En las últimas décadas, y debido al estancamiento en la cantidad de donaciones y al aumento progresivo de las listas de espera, se han desarrollado diferentes acciones con el objetivo de ampliar el número potencial de donantes, reconsiderando nuevamente aquellos procedentes de parada cardiocirculatoria (donantes en asistolia). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en reflexionar sobre la legitimidad de compaginar en un mismo proceso dos complejas decisiones éticas: la retirada de las técnicas de soporte vital (RTSV) y limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET), y la posibilidad de considerar a estos pacientes como donantes de órganos. Con este propósito, analizaremos los problemas éticos que se plantean a cada paso en la toma de decisión y en las actuaciones en los programas en asistolia controlada, según el criterio de donantes tipo III adoptado en la conferencia de Maastricht de 1995, como fundamento para establecer un juicio ético de todo el proceso.

Solid organs trasplant constitutes a treatment for many diseases in terminal phase. Patients subjected to this type of intervention enhance survival and quality of life in general and it is considered a beneficial progress in medicine for society. In the last decades and due to the stagnation of donations and the progressive increase of waiting lists, some actions have been developed with the goal to widen the potential number of donors, reconsidering again those coming from cardiovascular arrest (asystole donors). The aim of this article consists in reflecting on the legitimacy of combining in the same process two complex ethical decisions: the withdrawal of life support techniques (WLST) and the limitation of therapeutic effort (LTE), and the possibility of considering these patients as organ donors. With this purpose, we will analyze the ethical problems involved in each step in decision making and on the actions taken by controlled asystole programs, according to the criteria of type III donors of Masstricht conference, 1995, as base to establish an ethical judgment for the process.

O transplante de órgãos sólidos constitui o tratamento de um grande número de enfermidades em fase terminal, melhora globalmente a sobrevivência e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes submetidos a este tipo de intervenção e é considerado como um beneficente progresso da medicina para o conjunto da sociedade. Nas últimas décadas, e devido ao estancamento na quantidade de doações e ao aumento progressivo das listas de espera, desenvolveram-se diferentes ações com o objetivo de ampliar o número potencial de doadores, reconsiderando novamente aqueles procedentes de parada cardiocirculatória (doadores em assistolia). O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em refletir sobre a legitimidade de compaginar num mesmo processo duas complexas decisões éticas: a retirada das técnicas de suporte vital (RTSV) e limitação do esforço terapêutico (LET), e a possibilidade de considerar estes pacientes como doadores de órgãos. Com este propósito, analisaremos os problemas éticos que se apresentam a cada passo na tomada de decisão e nas atuações nos programas em assistolia controlada, segundo o critério de doadores tipo III adotado na conferência de Maastricht de 1995, como fundamento para estabelecer um juízo ético de todo o processo.

[Fidelity to trust]. / Fidelidad a la Confianza.

Trust in the doctor, an essential condition of medical practice throughout its history, appears to be considered as an outdated value, destined to extinction. In his work, Pellegrino analyzes the epistemological, empirical and conceptual basis of trust in professional relationships, the reasons for its weakening in an ethics of distrust, and he presents his philosophical proposal, which recovers and reappraises the fidelity to trust placed in the doctor-patient relationship, as an essential virtue for an appropriate ethical behaviour in the practice of medicine as in a moral community.

Fidelidad a la confianza / Fidelity to trust

La confianza en el médico, condición indispensable en el ejercicio de la medicina a lo largo de su historia, parece estar considerada como un valor en desuso, destinado a su extinción. Pellegrino analiza en su obra los fundamentos epistemológicos, empíricos y conceptuales de la confianza en las relaciones profesionales, las causas y motivos de su debilitación en una ética de desconfianza y expone su propuesta filosófica, que recupera y revaloriza la fidelidad en la confianza, depositada en la relación médico paciente, como virtud imprescindible y vertebradora para un comportamiento ético adecuado en la práctica de la medicina como empresa moral

Trust in the doctor, an essential condition of medical practice throughout its history, appears to be considered as an outdated value, destined to extinction. In his work, Pellegrino analyzes the epistemological, empirical and conceptual basis of trust in professional relationships, the reasons for its weakening in an ethics of distrust, and he presents his philosophical proposal, which recovers and reappraises the fidelity to trust placed in the doctor-patient relationship, as an essential virtue for an appropriate ethical behaviour in the practice of medicine as in a moral community