High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution and Correlation with Cervical Cytomorphological Data in Turkish and Immigrant Women in Mersin Province.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral agent in the world and the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV prevalence and genotype distribution vary by region and demographic data. In a province in the south of Turkey that constantly receives immigration, we aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes, evaluate the compatibility between cervical Pap smear cytology results patients and HR-HPVs, and make an up-to-date contribution to the elucidation of epidemiological data. In this single-centre study, a total of 12,641 women aged 18 and over were evaluated retrospectively from January 2019 to July 2022. HPV detection and genotyping were analysed by the PCR method. Bethesda scoring was used for Pap smear cytological evaluation. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was 12.6% (12.7% in Turkish women, 11.2% in foreign women). Among the typed HPVs that were detected, HPV-16 (31%) was found first, followed by HPV-18 (8%). The prevalence of HR-HPV was higher in women with abnormal cytology (977/1762, 55.4%) than in women with normal cytology (620/10879, 5.7%) (p<0.001). Turkey doesn't yet have a national HPV immunisation program. We think that determining the specific regional frequency of other HR-HPVs separately will be useful in the follow-up of the natural course of the type-specific infection and in vaccine studies in the future.

A comprehensive study of Helicobacter pylori infection: molecular analysis, antibacterial susceptibility, and histopathological examination.

Helicobacter pylori is a pathogen associated with gastroduodenal diseases. This study aimed; (i) to investigate H. pylori presence by invasive tests in adult dyspeptic patients, (ii) to determine antibiotic susceptibility and genotypic characteristics of the H. pylori isolates, and (iii) to investigate the relationship between the H. pylori genotypes and the histopathological findings. In this cross-sectional study, gastric biopsy samples from 208 adult dyspeptic patients were used for culture, tissue Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and histopathological analysis. Antibiotic susceptibility of the H. pylori isolates was analyzed by gradient method. Analysis of the virulence genes was performed by monoplex PCR. Genetic profiles (from A to H) were created based on the virulence genes presence. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) was used for the genotyping of the H. pylori isolates. The mean age of the patients was 46 (± 15) years and 128 (61.5%) of them were female. H. pylori positivity was detected by culture, tissue PCR and histopathological examination in 59 (28.4%), 114 (54.8%) and 81 (38.9%) patients, respectively. The overall prevalence of H. pylori was found to be 63% (131/208). All H. pylori isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and amoxicillin. The resistance rates for metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and rifampicin were 67.2%, 27.9%, 34.4% and 13.11%, respectively. Multi drug resistance (MDR) was detected at the rate of 45.9% (28/61). While the most common virulence gene was cagA (93.44%), the least common was vacAm1 (23%). The predominant genetic profile was profile A (47.5%). ERIC-PCR results revealed a total of 26 different patterns. A high prevalence of H. pylori was detected in adult dyspeptic patients as in developing countries. It was observed significant genotypic heterogeneity and virulence gene diversity within the isolates. A considerable resistance rate detected against antibiotics such as clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, which are frequently used in the eradication of H. pylori, should be taken into consideration when creating regional empirical treatment regimens.

[Helicobacter pylori Positivity and Risk Analysis in Patients with Abdominal Pain Complaints]. / Abdominal Agri Yakinmali Hastalarda Helicobacter pylori Pozitifligi ve Risk Analizi.

Helicobacters have wide host diversity due to the their particular virulence and environmental factors and may cause infections in humans. As they live in and around the stomach the group is called as gastric helicobacters which particularly consists of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter heilmanni, Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter salomonis and many other species, as well. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate 195 patients (119 urban and 76 rural residents, 121 female and 74 male individuals between 18 and 93 years of age) in terms of gastric Helicobacter (H.pylori, H.felis and H.heilmanii) who have admitted to the Health Research and Application Center of Kafkas University Endoscopy Unit of the General Surgery Department with the complaints of abdominal pain. For this purpose, biopsy specimens obtained from various parts of the stomach (corpus and antrum) by endoscopy were analyzed with histopathological examination and PCR. Histopathological analysis sections were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and spiral-shaped helicobacters attached to the surface of the epithelium were investigated. For the direct analysis of Helicobacter in biopsy samples, 16S rRNA gene based genus-specific and urease B gene based species-specific PCR methods were used. Out of the 195 cases that were histopathologically evaluated 163 (83.58%) were found to be positive for gastric Helicobacter, while five were suspected and 27 were negative. Helicobacter spp. DNA were detected in 107 (54.87%) samples, of these samples 91 were histopathologically positive, 13 were negative and three were suspicious samples. Eighty seven (44.61%) of the samples were identified as H.pylori by species-specific PCR. H.felis and H.heilmannii could not be detected in any of the samples; meanwhile genus-specific PCR positive 20 samples were not identified. In this study, 42.85% of the individuals living in urban area and 47.36% of those living in rural area were identified as H.pylori positive. 46.28% of women and 41.89% of men were positive for H.pylori. The age range of H.pylori positive individuals were as follows: 60% of the individuals were between 15-24 years, 60.27% of the individuals were between 25-44 years, 34.66% of the individuals were between 45-64 years and 29.72% of the individuals were 65 and over. 42.64% of the cat or dog owners were found as H.pylori positive whereas H.pylori was positive in 45.66% of the individuals who do not own animals. No significant relationship was found between these determinants and the prevalence of the disease (p> 0.05). However, the positivity of H.pylori was higher in the 25-44 active working age group due to the increased agent exposure (p<0.05). This study is the first study on the prevalence of H.pylori in humans and analysis of possible risk factors in the region and hoped to provide useful information for the researchers working in this field.