The effect of adjuvant Mitomycin C during vitrectomy on functional and anatomical outcomes in patients with severe diabetic tractional retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of adjuvant Mitomycin C (MMC) use on the anatomical and functional success of vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) in severe diabetic tractional retinal detachment (dTRD) patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing VRS due to severe dTRD was conducted. Patients were categorized into those who received 20 µg/0.1 mL MMC via MMC sandwich method (Group 1) and those who did not (Group 2). Demographics, surgical characteristics, visual outcomes, and complications that may related to MMC were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 25 eyes were included, 13 in Group 1 and 12 in Group 2. No statistical difference was observed in baseline characteristics between the groups. The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 1.90 ± 0.43 logMAR and 1.93 ± 0.41 logMAR preoperatively and 1.60 ± 0.78 logMAR and 1.56 ± 0.78 logMAR postoperatively in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.154). The postoperative mean intraocular pressure was 16.23 ± 2.55 mmHg and 13.08 ± 4.94 mmHg in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.225). The rate of re-surgery was significantly lower in Group 1 (0% vs. 41.7% in Group 2, p = 0.015). Retina was attached in all patients at the last visit. No MMC-related complication was recorded. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative adjuvant MMC application for severe dTRD significantly reduces re-surgery rates with good anatomical and functional outcomes safely.

Evaluation of the non-alcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score in predicting short-term outcomes and severe coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography.

Introduction: The correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease is well established. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the short-term associations of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) with various outcomes, including mortality, severe coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and the need for coronary angiography, among patients who underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). Material and methods: In this study, we assessed 499 patients who underwent 640-slice CCTA and evaluated their liver fibrosis using the NFS. The NFS takes into account factors such as age, body mass index, impaired fasting glycemia or diabetes mellitus, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelets, and albumin. Our primary focus was myocardial infarction, the need for coronary angiography, and death. Additionally, we examined the association between NFS and severe coronary artery disease. Results: Patients with a higher NFS had a greater number of coronary angiography procedures and higher Agatston score (p < 0.001), with NFS and Agatston score emerging as independent predictors of severe coronary artery disease and the primary endpoint. An NFS value above -0.92 could predict the primary endpoint with 61% sensitivity and 63% specificity, while an NFS value above -0.88 could predict severe coronary artery disease with 62% sensitivity and 65% specificity. To analyze primary endpoints, the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, with NFS groups compared using the log-rank test. During the follow-up period, patients with higher NFS were exposed to primary outcomes at an earlier period (p = 0.009). Conclusions: NFS is an effective predictor of major cardiovascular events such as death, myocardial infarction, severe coronary artery disease, and the need for coronary angiography. These findings underscore the importance of NFS as a valuable tool for risk assessment and early intervention in patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease.

Predictors of the right ventricular perforation caused by active-fixation pacing and defibrillator leads: A single-centre experience.

INTRODUCTION: Active-fixation leads have been associated with higher incidence of cardiac perforation. Large series specifically evaluating radiographic predictors of right ventricular (RV) lead perforation are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 1691 consecutive patients implanted with an active fixation pacing and defibrillator lead at our institution between January 2015 and January 2021. Fourteen patients who had clinically relevant RV perforation caused by pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads were included in the study. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of RV perforation. In multivariate analysis, lead slack score (odds ratio [OR]: 3.694, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.066-12.807; p = .039), change in lead slack height (OR: 1.218, 95% CI: 1.011-1.467; p = .038) and width (OR: 1.253, 95% CI: 1.120-1.402; p = .001), left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.910-1.088; p = .032) were independent predictors of RV perforation. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopic predictors of RV perforation associated with RV lead can be easily determined during implantation. Identification of these predictors may prevent the sequelae of RV perforation associated with active-fixation leads.

Comparison of the effects of resistance, aerobic and mixed exercise on athlete's heart.

BACKGROUND: There are various changes in cardiac physiology in athletes compared to the normal population. These physiological changes may differ according to the exercise content. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different exercise methods on the heart. METHODS: A total of 122 male athletes from various sports were evaluated. Depending on the sorts of sports, these participants were split into aerobic, mixed, and resistance groups. Each athlete had to meet the inclusion criteria of having participated in the present sport for at least a year and having trained for at least 600 minutes per week over the previous three months. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to investigate the effects of different exercise types. RESULTS: The aerobic group's heart rate and ejection fraction were found to be lower than those of the resistance and mixed groups (F(2.105)=23.487, P=0.001). The end-diastolic thicknesses of the interventricular septum (8.7 SD 0.8 vs. 10.0 SD 0.7), interventricular septum (11.3 SD 0.9 vs. 13.0 SD 0.9), left ventricular posterior wall (8.6 SD 0.7 vs. 9.9 SD 0.8), and interventricular septum (11.1 SD 0.9 vs. 13.3 SD 0.9) were all found to be lower in the aerobic group than in the resistance group (P=0.0001). The effect of resistance exercise on heart rate was not observed as clearly as other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance exercise has a more dominant effect on ventricular thickness than aerobic exercise. In mixed exercise groups, this increase in thickness is similar to resistance exercise. The content of the training should be considered in the evaluation of the athlete's heart. Identifying the subgroups of the athlete's heart will be useful in the differentiation of pathologies and also in the follow-up of the athletes.

Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Myocardial Bridge Treated With Surgery: a Case Report.

Myocardial bridging is congenital anomaly characterized by segment of epicardial coronary arteries passing through the myocardium. Various ischemic conditions are related with this pathology. We report a case of myocardial bridging that was complicated with acute anterior myocardial infarction and a review of the literature. The patient was treated successfully with coronary bypass graft surgery after unsuccessful percutaneous intervention.

Effects of 4-Week Low-Load Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Strength and Left Ventricular Function in Young Swimmers: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

Low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) is known to result in muscle hypertrophy and strength similar to that observed with higher loads. However, the effects of resistance training with BFR on cardiac structure and cardiac function remain largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this randomized study was to compare the effects of conventional high-load resistance training (HL-RT) with the effects of low-load resistance training with BFR (LL-BFR) on muscle strength and left ventricular function. Sixteen young swimmers (mean ± standard deviation: age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, body mass = 78.9 ± 9.7 kg, body height = 180.8 ± 5.8 cm) were randomly allocated to a conventional HL-RT group (n = 8) or a LL-BFR group (n = 8) with a pressure band (200 mmHg) placed on both thighs of participants for 4 weeks (3 days•week-1). Outcome measures were taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of training, and included body composition, one-repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, and echocardiography measures. The 1RM back squat significantly improved (partial eta squared (È 2) = 0.365; p = 0.013) in HL-RT (mean difference (Δ) = 6.6 kg; [95% confidence interval (CI) -7.09 to 20.27]) and LL-BFR groups (Δ = 14.7 kg; [95% CI 3.39 to 26.10]), with no main effect of group or group × time interaction (p > 0.05). Interventricular septum end-systolic thickness showed a slight but statistically significant increase in LL-BFR and HL-RT groups (È 2 = 0.253; p = 0.047), yet there was no main effect of group or group × time interaction (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant changes (p > 0.05) in other cardiac structure or function parameters (e.g., left ventricular (LV) mass, LV cardiac output, LV ejection fraction, LV stroke volume) after the training programs. Results suggest that 4 weeks of HL-RT and LL-BFR improve muscle strength similarly with limited effects on left ventricular function in young swimmers.

Is decreased tissue elasticity more important than histopathological changes in ruptures of ascending aortic aneurysms?

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the natural properties of ascending aortic aneurysms and to compare dilated aortic tissues of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and the non-pathological aortic tissues of cadavers. Methods: Between January 2017 and January 2020, a total of 14 patients (12 males, 2 females; mean age: 66.6±8.4 years; range, 54 to 77 years) who underwent elective ascending aortic surgery without genetic disease or family history in the etiology were included in the study. Aortic tissues taken from the patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and cadavers without any aortic pathology were compared histopathologically and biomechanically. An experienced pathologist performed a histological evaluation with appropriate staining and scoring. In the biomechanical examination, stress-strain curves were created with the uniaxial tensile test. The instantaneous elastic modulus was calculated based on the first regions of the curves (Ei) and the slopes of the linear region close to rupturing (Es). Results: In the pathological examination, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters of both the patient and control groups (p>0.05). In the biomechanical examination, Ei values were significantly higher in the patients with ascending aortic aneurysms, while Es values were comparable between the groups (p=0.028 and p=0.609, respectively). Conclusion: Our study results showed that the tissues of the ascending aortic aneurysm were much more rigid, although no significant histopathological changes were detected. These findings are meaningful in understanding the structure of normal and pathological aortic tissue.

Long-Term Observational Study of the Isolated Ostial Diagonal Stenosis in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Isolated ostial diagonal stenoses are very rare lesions in which percutaneous intervention could cause significant vessel compromise, and the long-term results have been reported in a few studies. This study sought the characteristics and long-term follow-up of the patients with isolated osteal diagonal stenosis regarding percutaneous coronary intervention and presence of angina. METHODS: The study was an observational retrospective study conducted between January 2014 and December 2020. A total of 9769 patients who underwent coronary angiography were analyzed, and 87 patients had isolated diagonal stenosis. The patients were evaluated according to treatment modality and angina severity in long-term pattern. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 36 months. A total of 54 (83.1%) patients were followed up with only medical treatment, and 11 (16.9%) patients underwent revascularization in addition to medical treatment. The degree of stenosis of the diagonal artery was significantly higher in the percutaneous coronary intervention group than medical group (P = 0.002) and the patients with wider reference diameter of diagonal artery complaint of more angina (P = 0.007). Class I angina was significantly higher in percutaneous coronary intervention group than medical and the patients with no angina were significantly higher in medical group than percutaneous coronary intervention group. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous coronary intervention was mainly performed for diagonal arteries with a higher degree of stenosis; however, the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention had angina more than 50% rates. Furthermore, the patients with ongoing angina had a larger diameter of the diagonal artery regardless of the type of treatment.

Electrocardiographic Predictors of Complete Heart Block During Right Ventricular Lead Implantation in Patients Who Underwent Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) device procedures have their own complications in addition to the complications associated with standard pacemaker implantations. This study aimed to analyze the predictors of the right bundle branch injury resulting in complete heart block (CHB) during right ventricular (RV) lead implantation in patients who underwent CRT with defibrillator. We conducted an observational study of consecutive 790 patients who underwent CRT with defibrillator device implantation at our institution from 2010 to 2022. Relevant clinical information and complete data regarding the echocardiographic data, implantation procedure, and clinical follow-up were collected into a computerized database. A total of 29 patients (3.7%) had CHB during RV lead implantation. In multivariate analysis, left axis deviation (odds ratio [OR] 2.408, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.025 to 5.658, p = 0.044), QRS width (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.043, p = 0.035) and QRS alternans (OR 4.214, 95% CI 1.788 to 9.930, p = 0.001) were found independently related to right bundle branch injury resulting in CHB development during RV lead implantation. In conclusion, left axis deviation, QRS width, and QRS alternans were associated with a higher rate of CHB, and these findings provide insight into optimal and safe CRT device implantation strategies based on preprocedural characteristics.

Severe anterior persistent fetal vasculature: the role of anterior retinal elongation on prognosis.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate surgical outcomes of eyes with severe anterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) and the role of associated anatomical anomalies on prognosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective, comparative case series of 32 eyes of 31 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery for severe anterior PFV, defined as fibrovascular tissue totally covering the back of cataractous lens. Based on the degree of anterior retinal elongations, cases were classified as follows: group 1, eyes with well-developed pars plana and minor/no abnormalities (n = 11, 34%); group 2, eyes with partially developed pars plana and broad-based elongations (n = 9, 28%); and group 3, eyes with no visible pars plana and fibrovascular membrane having 360° continuity with peripheral retina (n = 12, 38%). Complications and functional and anatomical outcomes were investigated. RESULTS: The median surgical age was 2 (1-12) months. The median follow-up was 26 (6-120) months. Seventy-three percent in group 1 achieved finger counting or better vision with a single surgery and without any pupillary/retinal complication. Groups 2 and 3 required 2.1 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 1.2 surgeries on average. Pupillary obliteration and RD occurred in 33% and 22% in group 2 and 58% and 67% in group 3. Retina remained attached after silicone oil removal in 89% of group 2 and 25% of group 3. Phthisis developed in 50% in group 3. CONCLUSION: Peripheral retinal anomalies are common in severe anterior PFV and have a major impact on prognosis. Prognosis is favorable in cases with mild-to-moderate anomalies with appropriate management of possible retinal tears. In eyes with 360° retinal elongations, severe fibrous proliferation and eventual eye loss are common.

Bicuspid aortic valve caused subaortic stenosis with bulging of valve calcification through subaortic area in a young patient.

Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital cause for the development of aortic valve calcification and stenosis. Calcification cause valvular stenosis or valvular insufficiency due to coaptation failure. We report a unique case of calcification of bicuspid valve was extending to left ventricular outflow tract and attached to interventricular septum which caused subvalvular stenosis.

Rationale, Design, and Methodology of the MORCOR-TURK Trial: Predictors of In-hospital MORtality in CORonary Care Patients in Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Coronary care units are sophisticated clinics established to reduce deaths due to acute cardiovascular events. Current data on coronary care unit mortality rates and predictors of mortality in Turkey are very limited. The MORtality predictors in CORonary care units in TURKey (MORCOR-TURK) trial was designed to provide information on the mortality rates and predictors in patients followed in coronary care units in Turkey. METHODS: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be a national, observational, multicenter, and noninterventional study conducted in Turkey. The study population will include coronary care unit patients from 50 centers selected from all regions in Turkey. All consecutive patients admitted to coronary care units with cardiovascular diagnoses between 1 and 30 September 2022 will be prospectively enrolled. All data will be collected at one point in time, and the current clinical practice will be evaluated (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05296694). In the first step of the study, admission diagnoses, demographic characteristics, basic clinical and laboratory data, and in-hospital management will be assessed. At the end of the first step, the predictors and rates of in-hospital mortality will be documented. The second step will be in cohort design, and discharged patients will be followed up till 1 year. Predictors of short- and long-term mortality will be assessed. Moreover, a new coronary care unit mortality score will be generated with data acquired from this cohort. RESULTS: The short-term outcomes of the study are planned to be shared by early 2023. CONCLUSION: The MORCOR-TURK trial will be the largest and most comprehensive study in Turkey evaluating the rates and predictors of in-hospital mortality of patients admitted to coronary care units.

Prognostic value of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective option in the treatment of patients with heart failure and wide QRS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) has been shown to predict cardiac events in several patient populations. However, the relationship between NFS and response to CRT has not been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of NFS in the assessment of response after CRT. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-six patients with heart failure undergoing CRT were prospectively studied. Liver fibrosis were assessed according to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), which includes age, body mass index, impaired fasting glycemia or diabetes mellitus, aspartate aminotransferase /alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelets, and albumin. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined by a ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume at six months at follow-up. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-eight patients (71%) had CRT response after 6 months of follow-up. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis showed NFS cutoff value of < -1.12 for predicting CRT response with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 52.9%. The patients were also divided into four groups according to the quartiles of NFS. The proportion of response to CRT was increased with lower level of NFS value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the NFS score < -1.12 and LVIDs were independent predictors of the CRT response. In the second model of analysis which included NFS, quartiles demonstrated that fourth NFS quartile and LVIDs were independent predictors of CRT response. CONCLUSION: Liver fibrosis assessed by NFS can provide valuable information to predict reverse remodeling in patients undergoing CRT. The present study supports monitoring of NFS to improve preoperative risk stratification of these patients.

Surgical outcomes of posterior persistent fetal vasculature syndrome: cases with tent-shaped and closed funnel-shaped retinal detachment.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) for two different forms of posterior persistent fetal vasculature syndrome (PFVS); with tent-shaped tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and closed funnel-shaped TRD. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Retrospective, single surgeon, consecutive case series of 52 eyes of 44 patients with posterior PFVS who underwent VRS. Cases were divided into "tent-shaped TRD" and "funnel-shaped TRD" groups based on the preoperative TRD configuration. Associated anomalies, functional and anatomical outcomes were evaluated. The cosmetic appearance was defined as poor if there was phthisis bulbi, gross buphthalmos, or corneal opacification; acceptable if there was apparent leukocoria; and excellent if none were noted at the last follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty eyes of 29 patients presented with tent-shaped TRD; 70% of which obtained counting fingers or better vision and 90% showed significant reversal of tenting achieving retinal reattachment. The cosmetic appearance was excellent in 87%. Two eyes (7%) became phthisic. Twenty-two eyes of 15 patients presented with funnel-shaped TRD and leukocoria; 45% achieved LP vision and 70% of patients with bilateral pathology had LP in at least one eye. The cosmetic appearance was acceptable to excellent in 73%. Three eyes (14%) became phthisic, one (5%) of which required enucleation. The median follow-up time was 16 (6-71) months. CONCLUSIONS: VRS often provides functional vision and anatomy in posterior PFVS with tent-shaped TRD morphology. In the funnel-shaped TRD morphology, where no treatment has historically been recommended, surgery may be considered with an aim of restoring light perception and globe preservation, particularly in bilateral cases.

Radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction of transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads: a single-center experience.

BACKGROUND: Extraction of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads could be a difficult procedure due to fibrous tissue around the lead and anatomical variations. In this report, we present our experience in the radiographic predictors of failure of simple manual traction (SMT) in patients with dual-coil ICD requiring lead extraction (LE). METHODS: Between January 2017 and February 2021, 103 leads were removed in 65 consecutive patients; 65 (63.1%) were dual-coil ICD leads, 22 (21.4%) were atrial, and 16 (15.5%) were coronary sinus leads. Patient-based and procedural data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Clinical and procedural characteristics were compared and radiographic predictors of failure of SMT of ICD leads were assessed. Projected anteroposterior (AP) lead tortuosity was measured and lead slack score was estimated on chest X-ray (CXR). RESULTS: Simple manual traction failed in 27 (42%) of the ICD leads. Ottawa slack score (odds ratio [OR] 2.368, 95% CI [1.261-4.447]; P = 0.007), AP lead tortuosity > 1.10 (OR 7.477, 95% CI [1.718-35.542]; P = 0.007), and number of previous interventions (OR 6.016, 95% CI [1.184-30.557]; P < 0.030) were found to be independently related to the failure of SMT. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an AP lead tortuosity cutoff value of > 1.10 for predicting the failure of SMT. The area under the curve was 0.744; the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.617 to 0.871 (P = 0.001), with a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 73%. CONCLUSION: Simple manual traction success in our study varied based on radiographic lead-related parameters. Before planning the procedure, increased AP lead tortuosity in vasculature and higher lead slack score can be easily determined on CXR and may be associated with more fibrous adherences, the complexity of the LE, and failure of SMT.

Comparison of selective coronary angiography through the ablation catheter versus conventional coronary angiography to guide ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from aortic cusp.

BACKGROUND: Intraprocedural coronary angiography (CA) is recommended in patients undergoing ablation in aortic cusps to assess the relation of catheter tip and coronary ostia. In this report, we aimed to compare selective coronary angiography (SCA) through the contact force (CF)-sensing radiofrequency catheter with conventional coronary angiography (CCA) to guide ablation of premature ventricular contractions (PVC). METHODS: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of prospectively collected data of 87 consecutive patients undergoing PVC ablation at a single institution between February 2016 and June 2021. Forty-six patients (53%) underwent SCA and forty-one patients (47%) underwent CCA. Data were consecutively collected case-by-case and entered into a computerized database. Procedural characteristics, complications, and clinical outcomes were compared between the SCA and CCA groups. RESULTS: Successful ablation was achieved in seventy-seven (89%) patients. Total procedure and fluoroscopy time and radiation dose were significantly lower in SCA group (93 ± 22 min vs 102 ± 20 min, p = 0.042; 12 ± 3 min vs 14 ± 4 min, p = 0.030; 3292 ± 1221 µGy m2 vs 3880 ± 1229 µGy m2, p = 0.028, respectively). Median ambulation time was significantly longer in CCA group (6.8 ± 1 h vs 17.8 ± 1.8 h, p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Selective coronary angiography through the CF-sensing ablation catheter to assess the relation between the ablation site and the coronary ostia is feasible and safe. This technique precludes the requirement of an additional arterial access and decreases the total procedure and fluoroscopy time and radiation dose.

Selective angiography through radiofrequency catheter during ablation of premature ventricular contractions originating from aortic cusp: A single-centre experience.

INTRODUCTION: Intraprocedural coronary angiography is recommeded in patients undergoing ablation in aortic cusps to assess the relation of catheter tip and coronary ostia. In this report, we present our experience in selective coronary angiography through the radiofrequency catheter during premature ventricular contraction (PVC) ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively recruited 43 consecutive patients who underwent PVC ablation in the aortic cusps between March 2018 and April 2021. We performed coronary angiography through the contact force (CF)-sensing ablation catheter at the ablation site. Successful ablation was achieved in 38 (88%) of patients. No technical problems occurred after the contrast injection and ablation parameters were within the normal values, without any change of impedance and CF-sensing values and neither electrogram signal quality after contrast injection. No complications occurred during the procedure, hospital stay, and during one-year follow-up (15.3 ± 3.1 months). CONCLUSION: Selective coronary angiography through the CF-sensing ablation catheter to assess the relation between the ablation site and the coronary ostia is feasible and no minor or major complications occurred in our experience.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Surgery Requirements in Children and Adolescents Admitted With Chest Pain To A Pediatric Emergency Clinic.

INTRODUCTION: Chest pain in children and adolescents is an important symptom in the pediatric emergency clinic. The aim of this study is to assess the characteristics of chest pain and cardiovascular surgery in the pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 352 children who presented with chest pain to the pediatric emergency department between December 2007 and February 2017. These children were included in this study, which is a retrospective observational study. RESULTS: Among the 352 patients, six patients (1.7%) underwent cardiovascular surgery. Forty-eight patients (13.6%) were diagnosed with cardiac disease, and the most common cardiac causes were myocarditis and pericarditis. CONCLUSION: Only six patients (1.7%) who were admitted to the emergency department with chest pain needed cardiovascular surgery. The chest pain in children required less surgery, and mortality and morbidity were lower compared with adult cardiac chest pain.